6. Table of Content
What is Memory
Stages of Memory
Types of Memory
How to Improve your Memory
Psychological Test used to Assess Memory
7. Memory
Memory is an organism's ability to encode, store,
retain and subsequently recall information and past
experiences in the human brain.
8. Stages of Memory
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Encoding refers to how you transform a
physical, sensory input into a kind of
representation that can placed into memory.
Storage refers to how you retain encoded
information in memory.
Retrieval refers to how you gain access to
information stored in memory.
9. Types of Memory
1. Sensory Memory
2. Short Term Memory
3. Long Term Memory
Attention
Rehearsal
10. Types of Memory
Human Memory
Short Term Memory Long Term MemorySensory Memory
Implicit MemoryExplicit Memory
Procedural MemoryDeclarative Memory
Episodic Memory Semantic Memory
11. Sensory Memory
Sensory memory holds sensory information less than one
second after an item is perceived. There are three types
of sensory memory:-
1.Iconic memory: visual stimuli
2.Echoic memory: Auditory stimuli
3.Haptic memory: tactile stimuli
12. Short-term Memory (STM)
Short-term memory is also known as Primary, Active or
working memory. Short-term memory allows recall for a
period of several seconds to a minute without rehearsal. It
is the capacity for holding, but not manipulating, a small
amount of information in mind in an active, readily
available state for a short period of time.
13. Long-Term Memory (LTM)
Long Term Memory is the ability to store more information
for long periods of time (lifetimes) like phone numbers,
names and address’ from when we were kids. LTM is
divided into two main types:-
1. Explicit (or declarative) memory
2. Implicit (or procedural) memory.
14. Explicit Memories
Explicit memories aka declarative memories, include all the memories
that are available in consciousness. Declarative memory is the
memory of factual information, general knowledge, data, and events.
Explicit memory can be further divided into:-
1. Episodic Memory (specific events) Like first day at college,
Marriage Day etc.
2. Semantic Memory (knowledge about the world). Like concept of
book, understanding of division , multiplication etc.
15. Implicit Memories
Implicit memories are those that are mostly unconscious. This type
of memory includes procedural memory, which involves memories
of body movement and how to use objects in the environment.
How to drive a car or use a computer are examples of procedural
memories.
16. How to improve your Memory
1. Avoid Cramming
2. Focus Your Attention
3. Structure and Organize
4. Utilize Mnemonic Devices
5. Elaborate and Rehearse
6. Visualize Concepts
7. Relate New Information to Things You Already Know
8. Read Out Loud
9. Pay Extra Attention to Difficult Information
10.Vary Your Study Routine
11.Get Some Sleep
17. Psychological Test used to Assess Memory
1.Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)
2.Comprehensive Assessment of Prospective Memory (CAPM)
3.The Wechsler Memory Scale—Third Edition (WMS-III).
4.Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT).
5.Recognition Memory Test (RMT)
6.Memory Assessment Scale (MAS).
7.The Benton Visual Retention Test (or Benton test or BVRT)
8.California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT)
9.Gollin Figure Test
