Discussed about memory processes and why do we forget, memory loss causes and solution.

2. Q. What is Memory?

3. DEFINITION:
 Memory is the capacity to store, recall and
recognize the events that were previously
experienced.
 The persistence of learning over time through the
storage and retrieval of information.
 An active mental system that receives, encodes,
modifies and retrieves information.

4. Memory Process
 The memory process consists of Encoding, Storage and Retrieval.
- Encoding:
* To deposit something into memory.
* Translation of incoming stimulus energy into neural code that
our brain can process.
* This process is automatic and rapid.
- Storage:
* Maintaining information for ever.
* Require rehearsal for long term storage.
- Retrieval:
* To bring information stored in our memory to our consciousness.
* There are four types of retrieval are recall(shortest), recognition,
reconstruction and relearning(weakest).

6. HUMAN MEMORY CLASSIFICATION

7.  Sensory Memory:
Sensory memory is the shortest-term element of memory
It acts as a kind of buffer for stimuli received through the five senses of
sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch.
This does not require any conscious attention and, indeed, is usually
considered to be totally outside of conscious control.
Sensory memory is an ultra-short-term memory and decays or degrades
very quickly, typically in the region of 200 - 500 milliseconds (1/5 - 1/2
second) after the perception of an item.
For example, the ability to look at something and remember what it
looked like with just a second of observation
* Further types:
1. Iconic memory: the visual stimuli are referred to as icons.
2. Echoic memory: represents SM for the auditory sense of hearing.
3. Haptic memory: represents SM for the tactile sense of touch.

8.  Short-Term Memory:
It is the intermediate process between sensory memory and
long-term memory.
Short-term memory (or "primary" or "active memory") is the
capacity for holding, but not manipulating, a small amount of
information in mind.
The information kept in short-term memory will be stored for
approximately 20 to 30 seconds, but it can be just seconds if
rehearsal or active maintenance of the information is prevented.
Miller’s idea: the Magic number 7 (plus or minus two) provides
evidence for the capacity of short term memory. Most adults
can store between 5 and 9 items in their short-term memory.

9.  Long-Term Memory:
Long term memory is the sore house of all the
experienced events, information and emotion
etc.
The duration of Long term memory is life time.
LMT representation is neither acoustic nor
visual, it is based on the meaning of item.
The technique used to increase long term
memory is Chunking (meaning full unit of
information) and Rehearsal.

11. Model Memory System

12. Q. Why do we Forget ?
According to psychologist there are two reasons:
• The information you stored is not available at the time of recall.
• The information is not accessible due to retrieval failure.
we forget due to;
- Decay: lack of rehearsal.
- Displacement: Old ones replaced by new one.
- Interference: Similar things.

13. Memory Loss Causes and Solutions
 Dehydration
 Your brain is 75% water so even mild dehydration results in shrinkage of brain tissue and
temporary loss of cognitive function.
 Take your weight in pounds and divide by 2. You need that many ounces of water per day.
 1kg = 2.2 pounds, 1litre = 33.8 ounces
 Sugar
 Brain cells need twice as much energy as other cells and they get this energy from glucose.
 Your brain cells can’t store energy, so they need a steady supply of glucose from your
bloodstream.
 Poor memory formation, learning disorders, depression, and mood instability have been
linked to eating refined sugar or the products that contain artificial sweeteners.

14.  Sleep
 Get 8 hours of sleep
 during sleep that your brain repairs itself,
washes out toxic debris, and consolidates memories.
 Lack of quality sleep will damage your memory,
creativity, judgment, and attention.
 Inactivity
 Our bodies are meant to move, but most of us spend 10-12 hours a day sitting.
 All this sitting contributes to memory lapses, brain shrinkage, cognitive decline, and even
Alzheimer’s.
 Exercise moves more oxygen and nutrients to your brain.
Memory Loss Causes and Solutions

15.  Low Fat Diets
 Your brain is largely made of fat, n fact, about 25% of the body’s cholesterol is found in
the brain.
 Stop eating low fat diets. Your brain needs healthy fats like the kind found in nuts,
avocados, eggs, oily fish, olive oil, and coconut oil.
 Processed Foods
 Eat real food.
 Not the kind that comes in a can, package, or box.
 Stress
 Prolonged stress leads to anxiety, depression, poor decision making, insomnia, and
memory loss.
 Stress can literally cause your brain to shrink.
Memory Loss Causes and Solutions

16. Q. How to Improve memory?
The simplest ways to improve memory can be:
1. Exercise your brain. (Read, write, play games i.e. chess and solve puzzles)
2. Avoid cramming by establishing regular studies sessions.
3. Structure and organize information you are studying.
4. Use mnemonic device to remember information.
5. Elaborate and rehearse the information you are studying.
6. Teaching new concepts to another person.
7. Meditate to improve your working memory
Proven brain benefits due to meditation include stress reduction, memory
improvement, mood enhancement, increased focus and attention
8. Drink coffee or eat chocolates to improve your memory consolidation

17. Short Term Memory Test
The objects will stay on the screen for 30 seconds.

18. Write down the words of all the pictures you can remember.

19. Write down the words of all the pictures you can remember.
Here is the picture that you saw.
How many objects did you remember?

20. Activity
Take three minutes to study these 10 cards.
 Then repeat the sequence in your notebook .
 Score one number for one card.
Add your score to arrive at a total.

21. * 10 maximum
* 7+ master
* 5+ improver
* 3+ untrained
If your result is above the improver range than you have a
great memory potential.
If your result is below untrained range than you don’t have
a great memory, you can still improve it.