The document elaborates on the definitions and components of drill stem and drill string, highlighting the importance of the bottom-hole assembly (BHA) in drilling operations. It discusses various drilling tools, including types of bits such as roller cone and PDC bits, and details the functions of additional tools like stabilizers, drill collars, and reamers. Furthermore, it covers drilling strategies, including the packed hole approach for maintaining straightness and overcoming hole deviation.

1. GOOD EVENING GENTLE MEN !

5. THE DEFINITION OF DRILL STEM AND DRILL
STRING.
DRILL STEM
-ALL MEMBERS IN THE ASSEMBLY USED IN ROTARY DRILLING FROM THE
SWIVEL TO THE BIT ,INCLUDING KELLY IS CALLED DRILL STEM.
DRILL STRING
-DRILL PIPES,DRILL COLLARS AND BIT.

6. WHY WE USE BHA?
THE BOTTOM HOLE ASSEMBLY (BHA) PROVIDE THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS:
- Provide weight for the bit (WOB).
- Provide strength needed to run in compression.
- Minimize bit stability problems from vibration, wobbling and jumping.
- Minimize directional control problems by providing stiffness to the bottom hole
assembly(BHA).
Today, the bottom-hole assembly serves several useful purposes, In addition to the
simple need to effectively load the bit with drill collar weight.
Correctly designed, they can:
-Prevent doglegs and key seats.
-Produce a smooth bore and full size hole.
-Improve bit performance.
-Minimize drilling problems.
-Minimize harmful vibrations.
-Minimize differential pressure sticking.
-Reduce production problems.

7. THE FOLLOWING FIGURE SHOW AN ADVANTAGE OF DRILL COLLARS USING IN DRILL STRING.
DRILL PIE
BUCKLING
NOT ENOUGH DRILL
COLLAR WEIGHT
ADEQUATE DRILL
COLLAR WEIGHT
KEEPS DRILL PIPE
STRAIGHT
IN FIGURE A;
THE DRILL STRING IS STABLE DUE TO
ENOUGH DRILL COLLAR LENGTH.
IN FIGURE B;
THE DRILL STRING FACED BUCKLING
EFFECT DUE TO UNSUFFICIENT DRILL
COLLAR LENGTH.

8. A. BOTTOM HOLE ASSEMBLY COMPONENTS
THE BOTTOM HOLE ASSEMBLY IS THE PORTION OF DRILL STRING BELOW
THE DRILL PIPES ;INCLUDING SOME BUT NOT NECESSARILY ALL OF THE FOLLOWINGS:
I -BIT
II -DRILLING MUD MOTORS
III -STABILIZERS(STAB)
IV -DRILL COLLARS(DC)
V -REAMERS OR HOLE OPENER
VI -DRILLING JARS
VII -HEAVY WEIGHT DRILL PIPES (HWDP)
VIII-ASSORTED SUBS(CROSS OVER SUBS)
IX -DRILL PIPES

10. I.BIT
THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF OIL WELL DRILLING BIT.
1.ROLLING CUTTER BIT OR TRI-CONE BIT
1.A.ROCK BIT(STEEL TOOTH, MILL TOOTH BIT)
1.B.TCI BIT(TUNGESTEN CARBIDE INSERT BIT)
2.FIXED CUTTER BIT
2.A. PDC BIT (POLY CRYSTALLINE DIAMOND COMPACT)
BICENTER BIT ALSO INCLUDED IN PDC TYPE.
2.B. DIAMOND BIT
3.MIXED CUTTER BIT
3.A. HYBRID DRILL BIT(THE MODERNIZED PRODUCT)

12. 1.ROLLING CUTTER BIT OR TRI-CONE BIT
THIS WIDELY USED BIT TYPE IN OIL WELL DRILLING INDUSTRY UNTIL
PRESENT DAYS.
ROLLER CONE BITS ARE DESIGN FOR DRILLING VERY SOFT
FORMATIONS TO VERY HARD FORMATIONS.
THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF ROLLER CONE FEATURES WHICH
ARE DESIGN FOR UPON ON FORMATION.
THREE CONES ROTATING ACTION CUT THE FORMATIONS,THAT
ARE MOUNTED ON EXTREMELY RUGGED BEARINGS.

13. 1.A .ROCK BIT/MILLED TOOTH BIT/STEEL TOOTH BIT/TRI-CONE BIT(TC BIT)
CONE 1
CONE 2
CONE 3

15. 1.B TCI (TUNGSTEN CARBIDE INSERT BIT)

16. 1.B TCI (TUNGSTEN CARBIDE INSERT BIT)
CONE 1
CONE 2
CONE 3

17. 1 B.TCI BIT

19. BIT CLASSIFICATION FOR THREE FORMATION TYPES BY JOURNAL ANGLE

20. TYPICAL USED INSERT TYPES FOR TCI BIT.

21. FIXED CUTTER BIT(PDC(POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND COMPACT BIT)

22. 2.A FIXED CUTTER BIT(PDC(POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND COMPACT BIT))

23. 2.A FIXED CUTTER BIT(PDC(POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND COMPACT BIT))
CUTTER
PROFILE
BLADE
GAUGE

24. PDC BIT

26. EXAMPLE OF PDC BIT
MS-612 MS-713

27. BICENTER BIT(BICENTRIX)
A BIT WHICH IS USED IN DEEPENING OPERATION HAVE
FRONT PILOT SECTION AND REARER REAMER SECTION
THE SIZE IS EXPRESSED AS XX” x XX”
WHILE RUNNING INTO THE HOLE,THE RUNNING DIAMETER IS FRONT
ABBREVIATION THE ROTATING DIAMETER IS THE REAR ABBREVIATION.
FOR EXAMPLE,THE BIT IS EXPRESSED AS 4 ½” X 5 ¾” DIAMETER;
WHILE WE RUNNING INTO THE HOLE THE SIZE IS 4 ½” DIAMETER.
WHEN WE RECIPROCATING THE BIT,THE HOLE SIZE WOULD BE 5 ¾” .
REAMER SECTION
PILOT SECTION
RUNNING INHOLE DRILIING OUT

28. BICENTER BIT(BICENTRIX)
THE BICENTRIX BIT IS
CURRENTLY USED FOR
DEEPENING OPERATION IN
MANN OIL FIELD.
CURRENTLY USED SIZE;
-# 183- 4 ½” X 5 ¾” BICENTRIX
-# 282- 4 ½” X 5 3/8” BICENTRIX

29. BICENTER BIT(BICENTRIX)
IN FIGURE,THE BI-CENTRE BIT SIZE IS
12 ¼” X 14 ¾” ,CAN RUN INSIDE 13 3/8” CSG
AND CAN OPEN THE HOLE SIZE TO
14 ¾” DIAMETER.

30. 2.B DIAMOND BIT(THERMALLY-STABLE POLYCRYSTALLINE (TSP)
USAGE HAS TREMENDOUSLY INCREASED FROM 1957 AND BECOME
ECONOMICAL DRILLING TOOL.
HARDNESS MATERIAL,ABRASIVE RESISTANCE
DIAMOND ARE HARDER THAN 40 TO 50 TIMES THAN HARDEST STEEL
4 TO 5 TIMES HARDER THAN TUNGSTEN CARBIDE INSERT
MADE WITH 1/15 CARRACT LIGHT CAN’T PASS GRAY OR GREENISH
DIAMOND STONE FROM THE REPUBLIC OF CONGO.
THREE MAIN PARTS ARE DIAMOND,MATRIX AND SHANK.

31. 2.B DIAMOND BIT(THERMALLY-STABLE POLYCRYSTALLINE (TSP)

32. 2.B DIAMOND BIT(THERMALLY-STABLE POLYCRYSTALLINE (TSP)

33. THE MODERNIZED BIT FOR DRILLING INDUSTRY.
3.A HYBRID DRILL BITS
THE COMBINATION OF FIXED CUTTERS AND ROLLING
CUTTERS.
SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR VERY HARD FORMATION.
FORMATION EXAMPLE,IN BRAZIL OIL FIELD,YEMEN &
SAUDI ARABIA OIL FIELDS.
VERY HARD AND ABRASIVE SANDSTONE INTERBEDDED
WITH SHALE AND SILT STONE CAN CAUSE
VIBRATION WHILE DRILLING.EVEN THE PDC BIT
AND TCI BIT SUFFER LOW ROP.
THE SOLUTION IS HYBRID DRILL BITS.
CAN REDUCE 50% OF THE DRILLING COST PER FOOT
THE ADVANTAGES ARE ;
-CAN REDUCE TRIPPING TIME FOR CHANGING BIT.
-THE DOUBLE RATE OF PENETRATION THAN PDC AND TCI BIT.
IN BRAZIL’S POTIGUR BASIN FORMATION.(WITH SAME DRILLING PARAMETERS)
PDC BIT-ROP 14.4 FT/HR.
TCI BIT-ROP 13 FT/HR.
HYBRID DRILL BIT -24.6 FT/HR.

34. CURRENTLY USED IN DEEP WELL
DRILLING INDUSTRY.
VERY SUITABLE FOR HIGHLY I
NTERBEDDED FORMATIONS,
CHART INTERVALS,CARBONATE AND
DIRECTIONAL DRILLING.

35. Guide lines for Drilling Out Wiper Plugs, Cement, Shoe and Float assemblies with bit
Different types of drill bits and BHA have different drill out procedures. But in the inside
casing,
The drilling parameters is different with normal formation.
When designing a drill out float assembly for PDC applications,
“PDC friendly” equipment will ensure a successful run(ie: more plastic and rubber components
make for an easier drill out).
Liner running tools and float equipment that require an activating ball to set or close the liner
Hanger or float can cause problems during drill out these balls (typically made of brass)can
damaged by resulting in slower penetration rates and failure to complete the desired interval.
Alumininum landing collars can also be problematic.
Alumininum in the dart, landing collar, float collar and float shoe can plug the junk slots of the
Impairing bit cleaning/cooling and hence bit performance.

36. Guide lines for Drilling Out Wiper Plugs, Cement, Shoe and Float assemblies
Guide lines for Drilling Out Wiper Plugs, Cement, Shoe and Float assemblies with
Roller Cone drill Bits(Insert Milled Tooth)

37. Guide lines for Drilling Out Wiper Plugs, Cement, Shoe and Float assemblies with
PDC,BICENTRIX AND DIAMOND BITS

39. II.DRILLING MUD MOTOR
A DRILLING TOOL MADE UP IN THE DRILL STRING DIRECTLY ABOVE THE BIT.IT CAUSES THE BIT
TO TURN WHILE THE DRILL STRING REMAINS FIXED.IT IS USED MOST OFTEN AS A DEFLECTION
TOOL IN DIRECTIONAL DRILLING,WHERE IT IS MADE UP BETWEEN THE BIT AND A BENT SUB(OR,
SOMETIMES,THE HOUSING OF THE MOTOR ITSELF IS BENT).
TWO PRINCIPAL TYPES OF DOWN-HOLE
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MOTOR
DOWN HOLE TURBINE MOTOR (OR) MUD MOTOR.

40. II.DRILLING MUD MOTOR

41. LOBE PATTERNS (ROTOR LOBES : STATOR CHAMBERS)
1:2 3:4 5:6
7:8 9:10

42. GENERAL MUD MOTOR COMPONENTS

43. GENERAL MUD MOTOR COMPONENTS

44. GENERAL MUD MOTOR SPECIFICATIONS

46. III.STABILIZER
WHAT IS THE STABILIZER &WHY WE USE STABILIZER?
-A SHORT SUB WITH BLADES ATTACHED WHICH IS OF OUTSIDE DIAMETER
EQUAL TO,OR SLIGHTLY SMALLER THAN THE DIAMETER OF THE HOLE BEING
DRILLED.THE BLADE ARRANGEMENT ALLOWS FLUID RETURNS WHILE
SUPPORTING THE DRILL STRING AGAINST THE WALLS OF HOLE.
-STABILIZER ARE USED AS A MEANS OF CONTRLLING THE LOCATION OF THE
CONTACT POINT BETWEEN THE HOLE AND DRILL COLLARS.
-FOR A GIVEN HOLE DEVIATION,THE USE OF A SINGLE,PROPERLY LOCATED
STABILIZER WILL ALLOW A HIGHER WEIGHT ON BIT.
THE FINS MAY BE ALLUMINIUM,RUBBER OR STEEL WITH TUNGSTEN CARBIDE
INSERTS ON THE EDGE.

47. THREE BASIC TYPES OF STABILIZERS.
VARIABLE BLADE
STABILIZER.
NON-ROTATING
STABILIZER.
INTEGRAL BLADE
STABILIZER OR
SPIRAL STABILIZER.
STRAIGHT
STABILIZER OR
FIXED BLADE
STABILIZER.

48. IV.DRILL COLLARS

49. IV.DRILL COLLARS
DRILL COLLARS ARE THICK-WALLED HEAVY STEEL
PIPE,WHICH REDUCES THE TENDENCY OF BREAKING.DUE
TO SMALL CLEARANCE BETWEEN THE DRILLED HOLE AND
COLLARS IT IS POSSIBLE TO MAINTAIN A STRAIGHT HOLE.
TO FURNISHED THE COMPRESSIVE LOAD ON THE
BIT,ALLOWING THE LIGHTER DRILL PIPE TO REMAIN IN
TENSION.USING THESE,DRILLERS HAVE BEEN ABLE TO
INCREASE PENERATION RATES AND DRILL STRAIGHTER
HOLES WITH FEWER DRILLING STRINGS FAILURES.

50. THREE TYPES OF DRILL COLLARS
SQUARE DRILL COLLARS SPIRAL DRILL COLLAR S PLAIN DRILL COLLAR

51. V.REAMERS OR HOLE OPENER

52. V.REAMERS OR HOLE OPENER
THIS TOOLS THAT ARE RUN IMMEDIATELY ABOVE A BIT TO MAINTAIN
OR ENLARGE THE HOLE SIZE.THE CUTTING ACTION IS BY ROTATING
CONES BUILT FROM THE CENTRAL STEM.
BOTH TYPES PERFORM SIMILAR FUNCTIONS,BUT THE CONES OF AN
UNDER-REAMER ARE BUILT INTO COLLAPSIBLE ARMS WHICH ARE
HELD OUT WHILE DRILLING BY THE PRESSURE OF THE DRILLING
FLUID BEING CIRCULATED DOWN THROUGH THE CENTER OF THE TOOL.
IN THIS WAY,IT MAY BE RUN IN OR PULLED OUT THROUGH A SMALLR
SECTION PF BOREHOLE.
THE COLLARS ARE SO MUCH SMALLER THAN THE HOLE,THEY BEND
AND WHIP ,LOADING FIRST ONE CUTTER,AND THEN THE NEXT.
THEY PUT A TERRIFIC SIDE LOAD ON THE PILOT BIT,AND THEN
HOLE OPENER BODY.
THE VIBRATION DAMPNER,WITH THE STABILIZER CAN HELP ELIMINATE
THIS.

53. V.REAMERS OR HOLE OPENER

54. REAMERS OR HOLE OPENER
PDC UNDER REAMER CONE UNDER REAMER FIXED OPENER

55. PDC UNDER REAMERS

56. REAMERS OR HOLE OPENER

57. VI.DRILLING JARS
DRILLING JAR IS USED WHEN THE DRILLSTRING IS STUCK OR WHEN A FISH IS
CAUGHT IN AN OVERSHOT AND CANNOT BE PULLED FROM THE BOREHOLE.
IN NORMAL DRILLING,THE JAR IS PLACED IN THE HEAVY WEIGHT PIPE SECTION,
WHILE IN FISHING IT IS LOCATED DIRECTLY ABOVE THE FISHING TOOL.JARING
PROVIDES A METHOD OF GIVING AN UPWARD JERK TO FREE PIPE.IT WORKS
SIMILAR TO A TRIP-HAMMER.

58. VI.DRILLING JARS

59. VII.HEAVY WEIGHT DRILL PIPE
AN INTERMEDIATE WEIGHT DRILL STRING
MEMBER ATTACHED TO SPECIAL EXTRA LENGTH
TOOLS JOINT.
DRILL PIPE DIMENSION FOR HANDLING.
CAN BE RAN WITH COMPRESSION AS DRILL
COLLAR.
PROVIDE STABILITY AND MUCH LESS WALL
CONTACT.
HEAVYIWEIGHT DRILL PIPE SHOULD NOT BE USED
FOR BIT WEIGHT IN VERTICALS HOLES LARGER
THAN THOSE LISTED BELOW:
5” HWDP-MAX VERTICAL HOLE 10 1/16 INCHES.
4 ½ ” HWDP-MAX VERTICAL HOLE 9 1/16 INCHES.
4” HWDP-MAX VERTICAL HOLE 8 1/8 INCHES.
3 ½” HWDP-MAX VERTICAL HOLE 7 INCHES.

60. VII.HEAVY WEIGHT DRILL PIPE

61. VIII.ASSORTED SUBS( CROSS OVER SUBS)

62. VIII.ASSORTED SUBS( CROSS OVER SUBS)

63. TYPICAL THREAD TYPES FOR DRILL STRING.
1.API REGULAR(REG)
2.API FULL HOLE(FH)
3.API INTERNAL FLUSH(IF)
4.AMERICAN OPEN HOLE(AOH)
5.HYDRIL JOINTS
6.HUGHES H-90(H-90)
7.HUGHES SLIM HOLE(SH)
8.HUGES SLIMLIN F H-90(SFH-90)
9.HUGHES EXTRA HOLE(XH)
10.HUGHES EXTRA FLUSH(EF)
11.HUMBLE “X” TYPE JOINT
12.REED EXTRNAL FLUSH(EF)
13.REED DOUBLE STREAM LINE
14.REED WIDE OPEN TOOL JOINTS(W.O)
15.REED FULL HOLE(FH)
16.REED EXTRA HOLE(XH)

64. IX. DRILL PIPE
DRILL PIPE ARE THE ESSENTIAL PART OF DRILL STRING .
THE API(AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUE) STANDARD FOR DRILL PIPE .
OUTSIDE DIAMETER (O.D) OF API DRILL PIPE IS THE SAME FOR EACH SIZE.
INSIDE DIAMETER IS VARIES WITH THE NOMINAL WEIGHT PER FOOT LENGTH.
UPSET ON THE ENDS FOR ADDED STRENGTH.
THE TOOL JOINTS ARE SHRUNK OR WELDED ON THE ENABLE LENGTHS OF DRILL PIPE
TO BE SCREWED TOGETHER TO MAKE UP THE DRILL STRING.

65. THE THREE TYPES OF API UPSET DIMENSIONS ARE IN FIGURE.

67. DRILL PIPE GRADES

69. ZZ 3 02 N S 2

71. DRILL PIPE WEIGHT CODE

73. How Do We Control Hole Angle?
Now that we have some ideas as to the possible
cause of bit deviation and problems.
Associated with crooked holes,
Let's look at two possible solutions using
The pendulum and the packed hole concepts.

74. α α α
POINT OF TANGENCY
φ φ φ
SKECTH OF FORCES AFFECTING HOLE DEVIATION ANGLE

76. PANDULUM THEORY
IN THE EARLY 1950s,WOODS AND LUBINSKI RATE IN MATHEMATICAL
EXAMINATION OF THE FORCES ON A ROCK BIT WHEN DRILLING IN ANTINCLINED HOLE.
THEIR CALCULATION WAS BASED ON THREE ASSUMPTIONS,
1.THE BIT IS LIKE A BALL AND SOCKET JOINT FREE TO TURN
BUT LATERALLY RESTRAINED.
2.THE DRILL COLLARS LIE ON THE LOW SIDE OF THE HOLE AND WILL
REMAIN STABLE ON THE LOW SIDE OF THE HOLE.
3.THE BIT WILL DRILL IN THE DIRECTION IN WHICH IT IS PUSHED,
NOT NECESSARILY IN THE DIRECTION IN WHICH IT IS AIMED.

77. -THEY STARTED IN THE 1950S THAT SIZE OF THE BOTTOM
DRILL COLLARS WOULD BE LIMITING FACTOR FOR LATERAL
MOVEMENT OF THE BIT.
MINIMUM EFFIECTIVE HOLE DIAMETER(MEHD)
BIT SIZE + DRILL COLLAR OD
MEHD =
2

81. REQUIRED DC WEIGHT TO OBTAIN A DESIRED WOB FOR A DEVIATED WELL.

82. BUOYANCY FACTOR=(65.5-12)/65.5=0.817
SF @ 25%= 0.25
W DC = (50,000 X 1.25) /(0.817 X COS (30))
W DC = 88,333 KLBS.
In this case,drill collar weight in the air should be 88.3 Klb.In reality,the
BHA does not only
Have the drill collar so need to adapt this figure.For instant,the BHA
consists of mud motor,
Stabilizer,LWD and HWDP which have a total weight of 30
Klb.Therefore,the actual drill collar
Weight is just only 58.3 Klb(88.3-30).

83. SUDDENLY REDUCED BIT WEIGHT CAN CAUSE DOGLEG AND
OTHER PROBLEMS.
NORMAL BIT WEIGHT
DOGLEG AUSED BY SUDDEN DECREASED
IN WEIGHT ON BIT.
REDUCEDBIT WEIGHT

84. PACKED HOLE THEORY
MOST OF THE DRILLING OPERATION IN TODAY USED A PACKED HOLE ASSEMBLY TO OVERCOME
CROOKED HOLE PROBLEMS AND THE PENDULUM IS USED ONLY AS A CORRECTIVE MEASURE
TO REDUCE ANGLE WHEN THE MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DEVIATION HAS BEEN REACHED.
THE PACKED HOLEASSEMBLY IS SOMETIMES REFERRED TO AS THE “ GUN BARREL” APPROACH
BECAUSE A SERIES OF STABILIZERS IS USED IN THE HOLE ALREADY DRILLED TO GUIDE
THE BIT STRAIGHT AHEAD.THE OBJECTIVE IS TO SELECT A BOTTOM HOLE ASSEMBLY TO THE RUN
ABOVE THE BIT WITH THE NECESSARY SUFFNESS AND WALL CONTACT TOOLS TO FORCE THE BIT
TO DRILL IN THE GENERAL DIRECTION OF THE HOLE ALREADY FDRILLED.
IF THE PROPER SECTION IS MADE,ONLY GRADUAL CHANGES IN HOLE ANGLE.

88. COMPARISON

89. BOTTOM HOLE ASSEMBLY EVALUATION
THE BOTTOM HOLE ASSEMBLY IS DIRECTLY EFFECTS ON DRILLING PERFORMANCE THE ADDITION OF A
DOWNHOLE DRIVE MECHANISM(MOTOR OR TUBINE)CAN SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASE PENERATION RATE
WHILE THE ADDITION OF STABILIZERSCAN EFFECT THE DROPPING,BUILDING OR TURNING TENDENCIES OF
THE DRILL STRING.
. A ROTARY STEERABLE SYSTEM CAN PROVIDE IMPROVED DIRECTIONAL CONTROLCOMPARED TO THAT OF
A MOTOR IN SOME APPLICATIONS,EG: IN EXTENDED REACHED WELLS,’APPLICATIONS WHERE DIFFERENTIAL
STICKING OF THE BHA IS PROBLEMATIC,ETC.
USEFUL INFORMATION IS-TURBINE
RPM
MOTOR SPECIFICATION
PERFORMANCE CHARTS
LOBE CONFIGURATION FOR MOTOR TYPE,EG; HIGH TORQUE,LOW SPEED.
REVOLUTION PER UNIT VOLUME MUD PUMPED FOR RPM CALCULATION
STABILIZER DETAILS CAN AFFECT BOTH DIRCTIONAL TENDENCIES AND TRANSMITTING WOB,EG:
SIZE OF STABILIZER
POSITION IN THE DRILL STRING.
MWD/LWD DETAILS.EG: DOWNHOLE VIBRATION DATA
USEFUL DOWN HOLE DATA ARE;
RPM
TORQUE(AVERAGE,MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM)
WOB
PRESSURE
VIBRATION.

90. STRAIGHT HOLE DRILLING
FOR THE STRAIGHT HOLE
DRILLING, VERY IMPORTANT TO GET
NEARLY VERTICAL ANGLE WHATEVER THE
PENETRATION RATE IS.
PACKED HOLE ASSEMBLY.
MAY BE DEFINED AS A STRING OF DRILL
COLLARS WHICH ARE ALMOST THE SAME
SIZE AT
THE BIT THAT IS DRILLING THE HOLE.
OBVISOUSLY SUCH DRILL COLLARS WOULD
BEND VERY LITTLE,CONSEQUENTLY,TEND TO
DEVIATE VERY LITTLE.
REAMER
LARGE OD ROUND
DRILL COLLAR
REAMER
SQUARE DRILL COLLAR
REAMER
BIT

91. A TYPICAL STABILIZED
SETUP FOR STRAIGHT HOLE DRILLING.
DRILL COLLAR
STABILIZER
APPROX:60 FEET LENGTH
OF DRILL COLLAR
BIT
A RIGID STABILIZED
SETUP FOR STRAIGHT HOLE DRILLING.
STABILIZER
APPROX:30 FEET,1 JT OF DC
STABILIZER
APPROX:12 FEET SHORT DC
NEAR BIT STABILIZER
BIT

92. REMARKS;
DRILL COLLAR PROVIDES WEIGHTS TO THE BIT FOR DRILLING AND KEEP
THE DRILLING STRING FROM BUCKLING.ADDITIONALY,DRILL PIPE SHOULD
NOT RUN IN COMPRESSION BECAUSE IT CAN GET SERIOUSLY DAMAGED
.THEREFORE WE NEED TO KNOW WEIGHT OF THE DRILL COLLAR THAT IS
ENOUGH TO PROVIDE WEIGHT ON BIT.

93. EXAMPLE OF STRAIGHT WELLS AND PATTERN OF BHA.
CHAUK OIL FILED WELL#1162 BHA
YENANGYAUNG WELL#3255 BHA
CHAUK DEEP TEST WELL# CDT-12 BHA

94. CHAUK OIL FIELD WELL# 1162 BHA
3.5” DRILL PIPE
4.75” DRILL COLLARS X 4 JTS
‘X’ OVER SUB (6 ½” X 4 ¾”)
6.5” DRILL COLLARS X 2 JTS
8.5” STABILIZER
6.5” DRILL COLLARS X 1 JT
8.5” STABILIZER
6.5” DRILL COLLARS X 2 JTS
6.5” BIT SUB
8.5” BIT
TOTAL BHA LENGTH-287.7 FT.
DIRECT DRILLED DOWN TO 2800 FT
WITH 8.5 “ PDC BIT.
THE DRILLING OPERATION IS SMOOTH
BUT UNFORTUNATELY,PIPE STUCK
WHEN POOH AFTER CIRULATION AT TD
TRIED TO PULLED
WITH OVER PULL 165 KLBS
UNSUCCESSFUL AND CUT THE STRING
WITH SCHLUMBERGER.
RECOVERED ALL DP &3 JTS OF 4 ¾” DC.
DRILLING PARAMETERS
AVG ROP-10.77 FT/HR
RPM-100
WOB-2.2KLBS
GPM-258
MUD TYPE-KCL PHPA POLYMER
MUD WEIGHT-8.9 PPG
VISCOSITY-49

95. YENANGYAUNG OIL FIELD WELL#3255 BHA
3.5” DRILL PIPE
‘X’ OVER SUB (3 ½” X 4 ½ ”)
4.00” DRILL PIPE X 30 JTS
5.00” HWDP X 5 JTS
6.5” DRILL COLLARS X 2 JTS
8.5” STABILIZER
6.5” DRILL COLLARS X 2 JTS
WELL DEPTH-4691 FT.
DRILLING PARAMETERS
AVG ROP-11.30
RPM-100
WOB-4.4 KLBS
GPM-246
MUD TYPE- KCL PHPA POLYMER
MUD WEIGHT-10 PPG
VISCOSITY-48
6.5” BIT SUB
8.5” PDC BIT TOTAL BHA LENGTH-345.75 FT.

96. 5.00” DRILL PIPE
‘X’OVER SUB
5.00” HWDP X 15 JTS
6.25” DRILLING JAR X 1 JTS
‘X’OVER SUB
6.25” DRILL COLLARS X 1 JTS
‘X’OVER SUB
8.375” STABILIZER
‘X’OVER SUB
CHAUK DEEP TEST WELL# CDT-12 BHA
WELL DEPTH-11890 FT
DRILLING PARAMETERS
AVG ROP- 12.1
RPM-40/60/70
WOB-12-23 KLBS
GPM- 750
MUD TYPE-KCL PHPA POLYMER
MUD WEIGHT-14.3 PPG
VISCOSITY- 70 SEC/QUT
6.25” DRILL COLLARS X 1 JTS
6.25” NM*DRILL COLLARS X 1 JTS
6.25” BIT SUB WITH FLOAT VALVE AD TOTCO RING
8.375” PDC BIT TOTAL BHA LENGTH -990.7 FEET .

97. CHAUK DEEP TEST WELL# CDT-12 BHA
5.00” DRILL PIPE
‘X’ OVER SUB (5 ½” X 5”)
5.5” DRILL PIPE
5.00” HWDP X 14 JTS
6.25” DRILLING JAR X 1 JTS
‘X’OVER SUB
6.25” DRILL COLLARS X 12 JTS
6.25” BIT SUB WITH FLOAT VALVE
THE LAST REAMING
TCI BIT ASSEMBLY FOR
WELL TOTAL DEPTH OF 11800 FT.
8.375” TCI BIT TOTAL BHA LENGTH -801.35 FEET .

98. DIRECTIONAL HOLE DRILLING.
THE ART OF CONTROLLING THE ROTARY DRILL’S DIRECTIONAL AND ANGULAR TENDENCIES
OF PENETRATING THE EARTH SURFACE TO A SPECIAL SUB-SURFACE TARGET.
METHOD OF DEFLECTION.
WHIPSTOCK
KUNCKLE JOINT
SPUD BIT DRILLING
JET BIT DRILLING
MUD MOTOR

99. WHIPSTOCK

100. WHIPSTOCK
(a)ON BOTTOM IN ORIENT
POSITION
(b) DRILLING RAT HOLE
(c ) REMOVE WHIPSTOCK
(d) OPENING RAT HOLE TO
FULL GAUGE WITH HOLE OPENER

101. WHIPSTOCK

102. KNUCKLE JOINT
KNUCKLE JOINT IS A DEFLECTION TOOL PLACED ABOVE THE DRILL BIT IN THE DRILL STEM,
WITH A BALL AND SOCKET ARRAGEMENT THAT ALLOWS THE TOOL TO BE DEFLECTED AT AN
ANGLE ;USED IN DIRECTIONAL DRILLING.
USEFUL IN FISHING OPERATIONS BECAUSE IT ALLOWS THE FISHING TOOL TO BE DEFLECTED TO
THE SIDE OF THE HOLE,WHER A FISH MAY HAVE COME TO REST.
KICK OF WITH A KNUCKLE JOINT

103. SPUD BIT DRILLING
USED IN SOFT FORMATION FOR CHANGING
DIRECTIONAL OF THE HOLE.
VERY IMPORTANT TO REAMING BEFORE DRILLING
BACK.
FROM DIRECTIONAL SURVEYS,
IT CAN BE DETERMINED HOW MANY TIMES
THE SPUDDING IS NECESSARY.

104. JET BIT DRILLING
KICKING OFF THE ANGLE BY JET ACTION.
USED SPECIAL TYPES OF BIT WITH ONE
NUMBER OF JET.
SURVEY INCLINATION,KOP, AND POOH.
WHEN REACHING DESIRED ANGLE,RUN
DESIRED BHA AND DRILL AHEAD.

105. ADJUSTABLE KICK-OFF MOTOR(AKO)

107. SOME DIRECTIONAL TERMS
HOLE INCLINATION THE ANGLE AS MEASURED BETWEEN THE WELL BORE AND VERTCAL

120. FOR DIRECTIONAL WELL,THE HIGH FLOW RATE (TURBULENT FLOW) MUST HAVE
ALONG THE ANGLE.

121. WHAT IS MWD?
MEASUREMENT WHILE DRILLING(MWD)SYSTEMS MEASURE
FORMATION PROPERTIES(Eg: RESISTIVITY, NATURAL GAMMA
RAY,POROSITY),WELLBOREGEOMETRY(INCLINATION,AZIMUTH),
DRILLING SYSTEM ORIENTIATION(TOOLS FACE) AND MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF THE DRILLING PROCESS.

122. MWD

123. LWD
Sonic Travel Time
Resistivity and Conductivity
Eaton’s Equations (R, C, Dt, dc)
Natural Gamma Ray
Other…

124. PARAMETRES CONSIDERATION BASE ON LWD RESULTS
LWD

125. LWD

126. 5.00” DRILL PIPE
CHAUK OIL FIELD # CHK-1167DIRECTIONAL DRILLING
6.25” DRILL COLLARS X 3 JTS
6.5” DRILL COLLARS X 2 JTS
‘X’OVER SUB
6.5” DRILL COLLARS X 1 JTS
6.5” MUD MOTOR
8.5” PDC BIT TOTAL BHA LENGTH -219.75 FEET .
DRILLING PARAMETERS
ROP-28.7 FT/HR
RPM-60
WOB-6.6KLBS
GPM-399
MUD TYPE-KCL POLYMER PHPA
MUD WEIGHT-8.7PPG
VISCOSITY-55 SEC/QUT

127. 5.00” DRILL PIPE
CHAUK OIL FIELD # CHK-1167DIRECTIONAL DRILLING
6.25” DRILL COLLARS X 3 JTS
6.5” DRILL COLLARS X 2 JTS
‘X’OVER SUB
6.5” DRILL COLLARS X 1 JTS
8.25” SHORT STABILIZER
‘X’OVER SUB
6.5” SHORT DRILL COLLARS X 1 JTS
6.5” MUD MOTOR
8.5” PDC BIT TOTAL BHA LENGTH -226.74 FEET .
DRILLING PARAMETERS
ROP-28.7 FT/HR
RPM-60-100
WOB-4.4 KLBS
GPM-479
MUD TYPE-KCL POLYMER PHPA
MUD WEIGHT-9 PPG
VISCOSITY-54 SEC/QUT