OUTLINES ROSE METHODS OF ROSE PRODUCTION a cutting or rooting b bud grafting c by seed MARKETING PROBLEMS a illiteracy rate b storage problem c transport problem other problems also include WORLD SCENARIO AND TRADE OF ROSE PRODUCTION PAKISTAN SCENARIO OF ROSE PRODUCTION IMPORTANCE OF ROSE

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TOPIC:-ROSE PRODUCTION
SUBMITTED BY: -MUHAMMAD ASHIR
SUBMITTED TO: - Prof. ZAHOOR HUSSAIN
BAGF18 M102
AGRICULTURE
SECTION 4TH A

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OUTLINES
1. ROSE
2. METHOD OF ROSEPRODUCTION
3. CUTTING AND ROOTING
a. BUD GRAFTING
b. BY SEED
4. MARKETING PROBLEMS
a. ILLETRACY RATE
b STORAGEPROBLEM
c TRANSPORT PROBLEM
d POST-HARVEST PROBLEMS
5. INTERNATIONAL SCENARIO AND
TRADE
6. PAKISTAN SCENARIO
7. IMPORTANCE OF ROSE
8. REFERENCES

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ROSE
A rose is a forested perennial blossoming plant consuming genus Rosa, in the domestic Rosacea,
There are overhead 300 classes and millions of cultivars. They arrangement a group of plants
which erect shrubs, ascending, or sprawling, with stalks which frequently equipped with piercing
prickles. Flowers differ in scope and figure and are typically big and impressive, cutting-edge
colors fluctuating from white over yellows and reds. Utmost types are natural to Asia, with
slighter numbers innate to Europe, North America, and northwestern Africa. Classes, cultivars
and crosses are all extensively grownup for their loveliness and frequently are aromatic. Roses
have learnt national implication in many cultures. Rose plants variety in extent from squashed,
small roses, to hikers that can touch seven meters in height. Dissimilar species crossbreed easily,
and this has been used in the growth of the extensive variety of plot roses. The leaves are
produced alternately on the stem. In utmost species they are 2.0 to 5.9 in long, pinnate, with and
basal stipules; the brochures usually have a notched boundary, and frequently a few small tickles
on the bottom of the stem. Maximum roses are deciduous but a few are evergreen .

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The shrill developments laterally a rose stem, however normally called "spines", are technically
itches, extensions of the epidermis , distinct correct thorns, which are adapted stems. Project
spines are classically sickle-shaped pegs, which assistance the rose in droopy onto other flora
when rising over it. Certain sort such as Rosa rugs and Rosa pimpinellifolia have thickly
crowded traditional spines, perhaps an edition to decrease browsing by animals, but also perhaps
an edition to trick wind-blown sand and so lessen erosion and defend their roots .
Notwithstanding the attendance of spines, roses are often glanced by deer. An insufficient types
of roses have merely vestigial spines that have no facts
METHODS OF ROSE REPRODUCTION
CUTTING & ROOTING
One and only of the greatest communal techniques to replicate roses is to circulate the maternal
plant with a cutting and rooting method. This technique is also mentioned to as asexual replica
and is used to twitch fresh rose scrubs from standing plants. Ancient roses, small and English
roses replicate glowing with the cutting and digging approaches. The finest carvings are taken
from a piece of the maternal plant where the floret has just newly ended flourishing. Flowers that
have four discrete leaf cliques under the blossom and a five-leaf set at the dishonorable of
Figure 1 cutting and retuning of rose

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The wounding are main applicants for rooting and copying a new rose. The acnes where the leaf
sets happen the stem are called nodes; this is where the fresh roots may form. Fruitful rooting
methods call for elimination of the lowest leaf circles and the rose flower beforehand counting
the stem and insertion it into a rooting compound, which inspires root growth. Introduction the
stem into a baggie with potting soil supports root reproduction. When the roots form, plant the
cutting in a pot with sealing soil for by least a week before touching it into the rose garden
BUD GRAFTING
Other Form Of Asexual Rose Imitation Is Bud Grafting. Cultivators Delay Pending There Is
Strong, Vigorous development on the rose plant earlier endeavoring to implant buds. This is
characteristically through the central of the summer. To graft sprouts, gardeners take them from
the fresher progress from last period besides insert them into a T-shaped piece on a mounting
stem of a routine rose scrubland. Grafting adhesive tape assistances closure the buds into
residence, and they are then left-hand alone to copy
Figure 2 bud of rose

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SEEDS
Replicating roses from seed is chiefly valuable to generate new diversities of roses. The flowers
community seeds in the rose hips, which can be uninvolved when they are entirely red and ripe,
not desiccated out. You can sprout rose seeds in a baggie occupied with dank vermiculite. Stock
the baggie in the harder section of your fridge for 90 days, then eradicate the seeds and place
them in a pot with sterilized potting soil until they germinate, in about one week. Seedlings with
four to six true leaves are prepared for their individual container where they can cultivate until
they are large sufficient to stand planted in the rose
Figure 3 sprouting of rose from seed

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Totally the farmers marketed their flowers in Pakistan markets and no one designated that they
dispersed their flowers, Manufacturer elected that they were only selling near, because of disobedience of
government administrations (44.9%), ignorance ofglobal morals (39.9%), besides cheap manufacture
(26.6%). The agriculturalists with unfinished or no tutoring identified that their formation
superiority was too low towards license trading, though more cultured growers felt that the
nonexistence of nourishment from the government forbidden them from transporting Concerning
anywhere the producers market their flowers 21.5% labelled that they wholesaled their flowers in
Lahore, 7.65% in capital Islamabad, 1.95% in Karachis, while 67.75% mounted indorsing their roses in all the
above-mentioned markets
ILLITERACY RATE

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STORAGE PROBLEM
TRANSPORT PROBLEM
STORAGE ON PROPERTY %
DOES NOT STORE 4.17
REFRIGERATED 85.42
WITHOUT REFRIGERATOR 8.33
MIXED 2.08
Transport condition %
WITHOUT REFERIGERATOR 75
REFRIGERATED 18.75
WITHOUT REFRIGERATED
(WITH STYROFOAM)
6.25

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Amid the chief malfunctions met in after harvest are the dampness extra in the bud (16.54%),
advertising fights (14.99%) and occurrence of diseases (14%) . Though, 25.59% of defendants
described no glitches through the marketing. The publicizing matters, rendering to Bauhinia and
Batalha , is one of the key fences for the flowers and decorative plants commercial development
in Brazil, since there is a low feasting per capita, due to a very limited flowers depletion by the
mainstream of the population, typically linked to sure actions for instance dedicatory functions,
singular anniversary days, marriages, arrangements, among others, and some uncommon times
for instance Christmas and New Year. Rendering to the same writers, for setting decoration,
flowers and decorative plants acquisition is limited to a helping of the populace with higher
acquiring power, that stresses an violent promotion to modification this custom,
PROBLEMS %
Moisture excess in fluid 17.0
Marketing struggles 15.0
Disease 14.0
Durability 13.0
Time 5.0
Wither 4.0
Bud dehydration 2.0
Heat 2.0

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Around305,105 hectare zone wasunderneath flowermanufacture indissimilarcountriesof the
biosphere,of whichthe wholeexpanse inEurope was44,444 hectare,America22,388 hectare,Asiaand
Placatory 215,386 hectare, andAfrica2,282 ha and chief SouthAfrica17,605 hectare.Florasgrownup
beneathendangered conservatories indiverse republics aroundthe all God'screatures total 46,008
hectare.Indiahasthe extreme areaunderneath decorative harvests88,545 hectare shadowedbyChina
(59,490 hectare),Indonesia(34,545 hectare),Japan(21,345 hectare),United statesof America(16400
hectare),Brazil (11235 hectare),Taiwan(9,661 hectare),The Netherlands(8,098 ha),Italy(7,554 ha).
Internationallymore than146 republics standcomplicated inthe agriculture of decorative cropsandthe
area below these cropsis cumulative progressively.The manufacture of flowercrops consumes
augmented meaningfully andthere is anenormous requestforfloricultural harvestsinthe ecosphere,
subsequentinrisingInternational FloretSkill.The world ingestingof cutflowersandplantsis growing
and there isa sturdy annual increase of 9.5 to 14.5 % inall introducingcountries.

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Pakistan share is below 3% in global marketplace; rose yields donate about 49.9% in floriculture
craft in Pakistan. The cultivation of rose on lucrative scale started in late seventies. Mostly it is
cultivated in vicinity of cities in flowers, the rose is measured as a monarch of flowers. Rose
flowers remained developed conventional before the antiquity of human evolution. Roses are
full-grown for useful purposes on huge scale in countless shares of the biosphere. There are more
than 20,000 categories of nurtured roses and 120 rose species, with the widespread and aromatic
Rosa cent folia, Rosa damascene, and Rosa gullied. The two chief classes used in the
commercial production of essential oil are Rosa cent folia and Rosa damascene,
designated by a mainstream of perfumers Repetition of 145 countries on floriculture and
intake design is in billions but Pakistan's portion is fewer than 3% in worldwide
marketplace although India positions 25th in universal line of work through trade consuming
development rate of 12-15% in floriculture, Wherever more than 50% of the floriculture
yields arc contributed by Netherlands. As for as Pakistan is worried, this business is still in an
suckling site, rose crops donate about 50% in floriculture trade in Pakistan, Mounting cut
flowers, particularly roses, is a very lucrative occupational if done correctly on profitable
oasis. Request for cut flowers, particularly roses and tulips, are growing enormously as
more people are flattering conscious of the loveliness of flowers as ornamental items.

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IMPORTACE
As ages carry marvelous changes and a fresh growing, a new variety of roses are being
introduced international. The new tone and numerous colored roses that springs difference of
colors and fragrance, no material if it’s minute or amalgam on a container or on a pulverized,
everybody takes the arrogance in manufacturing their own plot of roses.
Not surprisingly, the attendance of numerous buyers and sturdy market stimulated the rose
growers and horticulturists to harvest more. Uniform the producers won a flagship in unlike
shows, fair as the best. It grew additional popularity as the construction gradually augmented as
centuries went. Roses, as previously identified for periods, it is continuously the flower of high-
quality for family, flower preparation, surprise gift in any events and proceedings. Folk’s
rummage-sale rose flowers for this purpose. All over the years of by means of roses at home-
based and sporadically, I would like to stake supplementary customs, I’m appraising all the
delightful welfares of it
Rose are benefits include
 Good flagship on the bench
 Flower planning
 Boutonniere
 Medication
 Fragrance
 Formulae
 Coronet
 Sweet freshener (house, ,cabinet drawers, office)
 Manner and inflection fragments for; Hair, fabric, dress, shoes, belongings
 For occupational
 Window orchard designs
 Bridal blanket
 bridal blossom
 Bookmarks
 Buttonhole for dark outfit

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 Preferred classical topic of paparazzi, painter, copiers, and lumber carvers
 Partition furnishings
 Rose projects for arts, canvases, trinkets, summons, timber and food staffs, embroidery,
schools, announcement, printing, glass wares
 Faultless for redesigning in gardens; laughter parks, engineering places, halls, fortresses,
universities, graveyard.
 Drift streamers
 For contribution; altar, momentous
 Aimed at human forenames, tune lines and bodily tags

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REFERENCES
https://www.google.com.pk
https://www.google.com.pk/urlwww.slideshare.net%2Fanu
https://www.google.com.pk/urlwww.rosemarketinguk.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305409734_Cultivation_of_rose_Rosa_indica_L
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose
https://www.agrifarming.in/rose-farming-information
https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/floriculture-scenario/
http://www.apeda.gov.in/apedawebsite/SubHead_Products/Floriculture.htm
https://www.slideshare.net/anushriagrawal71/rose-production-technology
http://agricare.kisanhelp.in/content/production-technology-rose
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rose
https://www.pexels.com/search/roses/
https://www.britannica.com/plant/rose-plant

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