This document provides an overview of the history and development of Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards (PAES) and discusses specifications for walking-type agricultural tractors as outlined in PAES 109 from 2000. It describes the background and motivation for creating standards to support agricultural modernization goals. Standards development was initiated in the late 1970s and is now mandated to the Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards to ensure technical performance and success of agricultural engineering projects. PAES 109 provides construction requirements, materials, controls, performance standards, safety features, warranty requirements and methods for testing walking-type agricultural tractors.

1. LABO CAMPUS - COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES
LESSON 1 ON AB MACHINERY AND MECHANIZATION (AB 125)
A. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY
PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL AND ENGINEERING STANDARDS (PAES)
The centerpiece program of the government in poverty alleviation, food security,
rationale use of resources, global competitiveness, and sustainable development
is the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA). A close examination
of the major tenets of AFMA points to a very heavy reliance on the support from
the field of agricultural engineering. Overall, AFMA places high priority on the
following agricultural engineering technologies: irrigation, postharvest,
structures, rural electrification, mechanization, alternative energy, domestic
water supply, farm roads and bridges.
In responding to the challenge, sound agricultural engineering principles and
practices are required in the planning, design, construction, operation and
optimization of agricultural engineering technologies, systems and services. At
the onset, the availability of Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards
(PAES) is required to ensure to a great extent the success of agricultural
engineering projects in terms of technical performance.
Development of standards for agricultural engineering in the Philippines started
in the late 1970’s with the Bureau of Product Standards of the Department of
Trade and Industry creating the Technical Committee on Machinery for
agriculture and forestry (BPS/TC56). Later, BPS/ TC56 was replaced by TC 19
and the Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center (AMTEC) was
designated as its official writing office. Pursuant to Articles 5 and 6, Chapter
I, Title II of Republic Act No. 7394, otherwise known as the Consumer Act of the
Philippines, standards development and its implementation was identified to
three agencies: Department of Agriculture (agricultural products), Department of

2. Health (drugs, cosmetics, devices and substances) and Department of Trade and
Industry (other products not covered by the two agencies).
It is stated in Rule 59.1 of the Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic
Act No. 8435, otherwise known as Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of
1997 or AFMA that AMTEC may be designated by the Department of Agriculture
to issue standards for agriculture and fisheries machinery. On 30 May 2001, the
DA secretary issued Administrative Order No. 11 series of 2001 stating that
standard specifications and test procedures of agricultural machinery shall be
developed. AMTEC, in partnership with the PSAE and concerned DA agencies,
shall be charged with formulation and development of the official agriculture and
fisheries machinery standards. Such standards, to be known as the
“Philippine Standards for Agriculture and Fisheries Machinery” shall be
subjected to public hearings by the NAFC through its Agricultural and
Fisheries Mechanization Committee (AFMeC), prior to its approval by the
Secretary of Agriculture.
The University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), Bureau of Agricultural
Research (BAR), Bureau of Postharvest Research and Extension (BPRE),
Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and
Development (PCARRD), Professional Regulation Commission – Board of
Agricultural Engineers (PRC-BOAE) and the Philippine Society of Agricultural
Engineers (PSAE), upon realization of the dire need for standards, initiated
projects that will develop a set of Philippine National Standards for Agricultural
Engineering to contribute to agricultural modernization, national development
and global competitiveness.
However, standards development has now been mandated to the DA Bureau of
Agriculture and Fisheries Standards (BAFS) in compliance with the Agricultural
and Fisheries Mechanization (AFMech) Law of 2013. Section 27 of the said law
states that, as the premier testing center, AMTEC shall assist BAFS in the
formulation of quality, safety, and performance standards of agricultural
and fisheries machinery and of accreditation guideline for testing centers.
WALKING-TYPE AGRICULTURAL TRACTOR SPECIFICATIONS
PHILIPPINEAGRICULTURALENGINEERINGSTANDARD PAES 109 :2000

3. Foreword
The formulation of this Standard was initiated by the Agricultural Machinery Testing and
Evaluation Center (AMTEC) under the project entitled "Enhancing the Implementation of
AFMA Through Improved Agricultural Engineering Standards” which was funded by the
Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) of the Department of Agriculture (DA).
This revised standard was reviewed by the Technical Committee for Study 1- Development
of Standards for Agricultural Production Machinery and was circulated to various private and
government agencies/organizations concerned for their comments and reactions. This
standard was presented to the Philippine Society of Agricultural Engineers (PSAE) and
subjected to a public hearing organized by the National Agriculture and Fisheries Council
(NAFC). The comments and reactions received during the presentation and public hearing
were taken into consideration in the finalization of thisstandard.
This standard has been formulated in accordance with PNS 01:Part 4:1998 - Rules for the
Structure and Drafting of Philippine National Standards.
In the preparation of this standard, the following documents/publications were considered:
AMTEC Test Reports on walking-type agricultural tractor
Republic Act No. 7394 otherwise known as “The Consumer Act of the Philippines” enacted
on July 22, 1991.
PHILIPPINEAGRICULTURALENGINEERINGSTANDARD PAES 109 : 2000
Agricultural Machinery – Walking-type Agricultural Tractor – Specifications
Part 1 :Pull-type
1 Scope
This standard specifies the requirements for walking-type agricultural tractor which is
classified as pull-type. This includes tractors with chain and sprocket transmission system,
gear transmission system and combination thereof.
2 References
The following normative documents contain provisions, which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this Standard:

4. PAES 102:2000, Agricultural Machinery – Operator’s Manual – Content and Presentation
PAES 103:2000, Agricultural Machinery – Method ofSampling.
PAES 107:2000, Agricultural Machinery – Hitch for Walking-Type Agricultural Tractor –
Specifications.
PAES 108:2000, Agricultural Machinery – Hexagonal Axle and Hub for Walking Type
Agricultural Tractor –Specifications.
PAES 111:2000, Agricultural Machinery – Walking-Type Agricultural Tractor – Methods of
Test.
3 Definitions
For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply:
3.1
walking-type agricultural tractor
hand tractor
pedestrian tractor
self-propelled machine having a single axle designed primarily to pull and propel trailed or
mounted agricultural implements and machinery
3.2
pull type
traction type
capable of pulling various kinds of implements
4 Construction
The basic construction and components of the tractor is shown in Figure 1.

5. PAES 109 : 2000
A-89
Main clutch lever
Throttle lever
Hand grip
Figure 1 – Components of Walking-type Agricultural Tractor (Pull-type)
5 Materials of Construction
5.1 The tractor shall be generally made of steel bars and sheet metals.
5.2 At least ISO chain number 10A-1 (ANSI chain number 50) shall be used for the chain
and sprocket transmission system.
5.3 The handle bar shall be made of Black Iron (BI) pipe (schedule 40) with a minimum
diameter of 25 mm.
6 Controls
6.1 Throttle Lever
6.1.1 This shall be accessible to the operator’s right-hand side of the handle bar.
6.1.2 Types of throttle levers
6.1.2.1 Vertical type
Engine
Engine pulley
Belt guard
Input shaft pulley
Handle bar
Handle bar adjustment
Engine
mounting
frame
Idler pulley
Hitch Assembly
Transmission assembly
Mud guard
Stand assembly
Axle
Cage wheel

6. PAES 109 : 2000
A-90
For this type, the throttle lever is pushed forward to increase engine speed and pulled
rearward to decrease engine speed.
6.1.2.2 Horizontal Type
For this type, the throttle lever is pulled to the left to increase engine speed and to the right to
decrease engine speed.
6.2 Main Clutch Lever
6.2.1 This shall be accessible to the operator’s-left hand side of the handle bar.
6.2.2 In the case of a vertical lever, the lever shall be pushed forward to start the
forward motion of the tractor and shall be pulled rearward to stop the tractor. An over-
center linkage shall lock the lever in the forward engagedposition.
6.2.3 In the case of a horizontal lever, the lever shall be pushed upward to start the
forward motion of the tractor and shall be pulled downward to stop the tractor. A lock
shall be provided to hold the lever in the upward engagedposition.
7 Performance Requirements
The tractor when tested in accordance with PAES 111 shall conform to the following
requirements:
7.1 The peak transmission efficiency of the tractor shall be at least 85%.
7.2 The manufacturer’s specified minimum field capacity of the tractor shall be attained.
The noise emitted by the tractor measured 50 mm away from the operator’s ear level shall not
be more than 92 db (A). *
8 Other Requirements
8.1
For operator’s safety, the following shall beprovided

7. PAES 109 : 2000
A-91
8.1.1 Belt guard or cover
8.1.2 Mud guard
8.1.3 Rubber hand grip
8.2 Mechanisms for transmission belt adjustment shall beprovided.
8.3 Mechanism for handle bar height adjustment shall beprovided.
8.4 The hitch of the tractor shall be in accordance with the specifications of PAES
107.
* Allowable noise level for six (6) hours of continuous exposure based on Occupational Safety and Health Standards,
Ministry of Labor, Philippines. 1983.
8.5 The hexagonal axle of the tractor shall be in accordance with the specifications of
PAES 108.
8.6 When the tractor is in transport mode, agricultural rubber tires shall be used.
9 Workmanship and Finish
9.1 The tractor shall be free from manufacturing defects that may be detrimental to its
operation.
9.2 Any uncoated metallic surfaces shall be free from rust and shall be painted properly.
The tractor shall be free from sharp edges and surfaces that may injure the operator.

8. PAES 109 : 2000
A-92
10 Warranty for Construction and Durability
10.1 Warranty against defective materials and workmanship shall be provided for parts
and services except on consumable maintenance parts such as belts within six (6) months
from the purchase of the tractor.
10.2 The construction shall be rigid and durable without breakdown of its major
components (i.e. transmission systems, etc) within six (6) months from purchase by the
first buyer.
11 Maintenance and Operation
11.1 Each tractor unit shall be provided with the following basic hand tools: three (3)
pieces open wrenches; one (1) piece each of Philips and flat screw driver; and one (1)
piece adjustable wrench.
11.2 An operator’s manual, which conforms to PAES 102, shall be provided.
12 Sampling
The tractor shall be sampled for testing in accordance with PAES 103.
13 Testing
The sampled tractor shall be tested in accordance with PAES 111.
14 Marking and Labeling
Each tractor shall be marked with the following information using a plate, stencil or by
directly punching it at the most conspicuous place:
14.1 Registered Trademark of the Manufacturer
14.2 Brand

9. PAES 109 : 2000
A-93
14.3 Model
14.4 Serial number
14.5 Name and address of the manufacturer
14.6 Name and address of the importer, if imported(optional)
14.7 Country of manufacture (if imported) / “Made in the Philippines” (if manufactured
in the Philippines)
14.8 Power requirement, kW
14.9 Safety/precautionary markings
WALKING-TYPE AGRICULTURAL TRACTOR METHODS OF TEST
PHILIPPINEAGRICULTURALENGINEERINGSTANDARD PAES 111 : 2000
Foreword
This standard is a revision of the Standards Administrative Order (SAO) series of 1980 –
“Standardization of Procedures of Inspection and Test for Walking-type Agricultural
Tractor”. The pursuance of this standard was initiated by the Agricultural Machinery Testing
and Evaluation Center (AMTEC) under the project entitled “Enhancing the Implementation
of AFMA Through Improved Agricultural Engineering Standards” which was funded by the
Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) of the Department of Agriculture (DA).
This standard was reviewed by the Technical Committee for Study 1- Development of
Standards for Agricultural Production Machinery and was circulated to various private and
government agencies/organizations concerned for their comments and reactions. This
standard was presented to the Philippine Society of Agricultural Engineers (PSAE) and
subjected to a public hearing organized by the National Agriculture and Fisheries Council
(NAFC). The comments and reactions received during the presentation and public hearing
were taken into consideration in the finalization of this standard.

10. PAES 109 : 2000
A-94
This standard has been technically revised in accordance with PNS 01:Part 4:1998 - Rules for
the Structure and Drafting of Philippine National Standards. The main changes are listed
below:
15 title of the standard has been modified in conformity to the format of
International Standard;
16 the scope was delineated thereby indicating the aspects covered and the
limits of applicability; and
17 items to be included in the test report were enumerated based on the actual
test report submitted by AMTEC.
In the preparation of this standard, reference was made to the actual testing procedure for
Walking-type Agricultural Tractor.
All annexes in this standard are normative.
PHILIPPINEAGRICULTURALENGINEERINGSTANDARD PAES 111 : 2000
Agricultural Machinery – Walking-Type Agricultural Tractor – Methods of Test
1 Scope
This standard specifies the methods of test and inspection for walking-type agricultural
tractor, which can also be temporarily used for riding by the use of attachments. Specifically,
it shall be used to:
1.1 verify the requirements specified in PAES 109 and PAES 110 and the specifications
submitted by the manufacturer;
1.2 determine the field performance of the machine
1.3 evaluate the ease of handling and safety features
1.4 determine the laboratory performance of the machine

11. PAES 109 : 2000
A-95
1.4.1 transmission efficiency
1.4.2 varying load performance
1.4.3 continuous running
1.5 prepare a report on the results of the tests
2 References
The following documents contain provisions, which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this Standard:
PAES 109:2000, Agricultural Machinery – Walking-Type Agricultural Tractor –
Specifications – Part 1: Pull-type
PAES 110:2001, Agricultural Machinery – Walking-Type Agricultural Tractor –
Specifications – Part 2: Rotary-tilling type
3 Definitions
For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in PAES 109 and PAES 110 and the
following shall apply:
3.1
applicable work
range of operations that could be performed by the machine as specified by the manufacturer
3.2
ground clearance
distance between the supporting surface and the lowest point of the tractor

12. PAES 111 : 2000
A-95
3.3
overall height
distance between the horizontal supporting surface and the horizontal plane touching the
uppermost part of the tractor
NOTE All parts of the tractor, in particular, fixed components projecting upwards are
contained between these two planes.
3.4
overall length
distance between two vertical planes at right angles to the median plane of the tractor and
touching its front and rear extremities
NOTE All parts of the tractor, in particular, components projecting at the front and at the
rear are contained between these two planes. Where an adjustment of components is possible,
it shall be set at minimum length.
3.5
overall width
distance between two vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the tractor, each plane
touching the outer-most point of the tractor on its respective side and with wheels set for
minimum track
NOTE All parts of the tractor, in particular, fixed components projecting laterally are
contained between these two planes.
3.6
slip
ratio of the difference between the speed of pulley or belt and wheels or track with load, to
the speed without load
3.6.1 Belt slip of pulley is determined by the followingformula:

13. PAES 111 : 2000
A-96
where:
n0 is the revolution/minute of the driven pulley without load, rpm
n1 is the revolution/minute of the driven pulley with load, rpm
3.6.2 Slip of driving wheels or tracks is determined by the following formula:
3.7
where:
N0 is the sum of the revolutions of all driving wheels for the
same distance without load, rpm
N1 is the sum of the revolutions of all driving wheels for a
given distance with load, rpm
tractor weight
total weight of the machine excluding ballast and implements with the fuel tank filled to 80
percent capacity and with normal amount of cooling water and lubricating oil (if engine is
integrated with the tractor) and with specified wheels.
3.8
walking-type agricultural tractor
self-propelled machine having a single axle designed primarily to pull and propel trailed or
mounted agricultural implements and machinery
4 General Conditions for Test and Inspection
4.1 Role of the manufacturer/dealer
The manufacturer/dealer shall submit to the official testing agency the specifications and
other relevant information on the walking-type agricultural tractor. An official representative
shall be appointed to conduct minor repair, adjust and witness the test. It shall be the duty of
the representative to make all decisions on matters of adjustment and preparation of the
machine for testing. The manufacturer/dealer shall abide by the terms and conditions set forth
by the official testing agency.

14. PAES 111 : 2000
A-97
4.2 Running-in and preliminary adjustment
Before the start of the test, the tractor should have undergone a breaking-in period. Before the
field performance test, the tractor shall be operated at the test site to make the necessary
adjustments as per manufacturer's recommendations. No adjustments shall be permitted
during the test.
4.3 Test instruments and other needs
The suggested list of minimum field and laboratory test equipment and materials needed to
carry out the tractor test is shown in Annex A. These instruments should be calibrated
regularly. These instruments shall be physically checked for operation and shall be cleaned
before and after each test. A checklist of instruments and materials shall be prepared to be
used before departure to and from the testing area.
4.2 Suspension of test
If during the test run, the machine malfunctions so as to affect the machine's performance, the
test may be suspended with the concurrence of the official testing agency and the
manufacturer’s representative. If it is the engine that fails, it can be changed with an identical
unit (if the engine is not integrated with the tractor).
5 Tests and Inspection
5.1 Verification of Manufacturer’s Technical Data andInformation
5.1.1 This investigation is carried out to verify that the mechanism, main dimensions,
weight and attachments of the tractor conform to the list of technical data and
information submitted by the manufacturer. (see Annex A)
5.1.2 A plain and level platform shall be used for this investigation.
5.1.3 The items to be inspected and verified are given in Annex B.
5.2 Field Performance Tests
5.2.1 These are carried out to test the field performance of operations applicable to the
tractor to be tested. For wetland test field, the field shall be soaked for at least twenty-
four
(24) hours.

15. PAES 111 : 2000
A-98
5.2.2 The tests shall be carried out on a dry/wet field where the soil type, dimensions,
soil moisture content/depth of water, soil resistance, shape and other conditions are to be
recorded.

16. PAES 111 : 2000
A-99
5.2.3 The kinds of field performance tests shall be thefollowing:
5.2.3.1 Plowing
This shall be done for fields of not less than 500 m2
and shall be rectangular with sides in the
ratio of 2:1 as far as possible with three replications using circuitous method of plowing
operation. Plowing depth shall be 100 mm + 10 mm. The field may be irrigated or flooded
depending on the condition.
5.2.3.2 Rotary tilling
This shall be done for field of not less than 500 m2
and shall be rectangular with the sides in the
ratio of 2:1 as far as possible with three replications. Tilling depth shall be 100 mm to 120 mm.
The field may be irrigated or flooded depending on the condition.
5.2.3.3 Harrowing
This shall be carried out after plowing test on the same field under dry/flooded conditions.
5.2.4 The items to be measured, investigated and recorded during the field performance
tests are given in Annex C.
5.3 Laboratory Performance Tests
5.3.1 Transmission efficiency
5.3.1.1 This is carried out to determine the efficiency of the transmission system of the
tractor, using an electric motor that is either calibrated or coupled with a torque
transducer.
5.3.1.2 The tractor on test, without its wheels, shall be fixed on the test frame. Brake load
is applied on the wheel axle and/or rotary tilling shaft by a dynamometer.

17. PAES 111 : 2000
A-100
5.3.1.3 Power is transmitted from the motor output shaft to the input shaft (first shaft) of
transmission box in the same manner as those from engine to that of tractor, for instance,
V- belt. The diameter of the pulley on the output shaft of the electric motor is computed
so that speed of input shaft at rated speed of electric motor is the same as that of rated
engine speed. This test will not be applied to a tractor which engine and transmission box
are directly coupled.
5.3.1.4 Brake load shall be applied until the computed axle power or tilling shaft power
reaches the maximum value.
5.3.1.5 Items to be measured and recorded are given in AnnexD.
5.3.2 Varying load performance
5.3.2.1 This is carried out to determine the performance of the tractor under different
loadings applied to the wheel axle or rotary tilling shaft.
5.3.2.2 The tractor on test, with its engine but without its wheels, shall be fixed on the test
frame.
5.3.2.3 The engine shall be set at its rated speed and brake load shall be applied on the
wheel axle or rotary tilling shaft by a dynamometer at an increment of 5-kg load until the
engine stalls.
5.3.2.4 The load, speed of engine output shaft, transmission input shaft and axle, fuel
consumption and temperature of exhaust gas, transmission oil, atmospheric dry bulb and
wet bulb temperatures shall be measured simultaneously every 3 minutes at each
applied brake load.
5.3.2.5 Items to be measured and recorded are given in AnnexE.
5.3.3 Continuous-running test
5.3.3.1 This is carried out to evaluate the operating performance and to find out any
abnormality or trouble under the continuous running condition of the tracto

18. PAES 111 : 2000
A-101
5.3.3.2 The tractor on test, with its engine but without its wheels, shall be fixed on the test
frame. Brake load is applied on the wheel axle or rotary tilling shaft by a dynamometer.
5.3.3.3 The engine shall be set at its rated speed and a brake load equivalent to the
maximum axle/rotary tilling shaft power taken during the varying load performance test
shall be applied on the wheel axle/rotary tilling shaft.
5.3.3.4 The load, speed of engine, transmission input shaft and axle/rotary tilling shaft,
fuel consumption, and temperature of exhaust gas and transmission oil shall be measured
simultaneously every thirty (30) minutes.
5.3.3.5 The testing methods for each type of walking-type agricultural tractor shall be as
follows:
5.3.3.5.1 Pull type
5.3.3.5.1.1 A brake load shall be applied on the wheelaxle.
5.3.3.5.1.2 The change-gear position shall be at the largest-ratio-reduction within the
plowing speed range mentioned in the specifications.
5.3.3.5.1.3 The duration of continuous running test shall be 5hours.
5.3.3.5.2 Tilling type
5.3.3.5.2.1 A brake load shall be applied on the rotary tillingshaft.
5.3.3.5.2.2 The change-gear position shall be at the largest-ratio-reduction within the
tilling speed range mentioned in the specifications.
5.3.3.5.2.3 The wheel axle shall be driven with noload.
5.3.3.5.2.4 The duration of continuous running test shall be five (5) hours.

19. PAES 111 : 2000
A-102
5.3.3.5.3 Dual-purpose type
5.3.3.5.3.1 There shall be two kinds of tests under dual-purpose type: wheel axle loading
and tilling shaft loading tests.
5.3.3.5.3.2 The method of loading on wheel axles and rotary tilling shaft shall be the
same as in pull type and tilling type, respectively. However, the duration of continuous
running shall be for two and a half (2.5) hours in either case.
5.3.3.6 Items to be measured and recorded are given in AnnexF.
6 Data Analysis
The formulas to be used during calculations and testing are given in Annex G.
7 Test Report
The test report shall include the following information in the order given:
7.1 Name of testing agency
7.2 Test report number
7.3 Title
7.4 Summary
7.5 Purpose and scope of test
7.6 Methods of test
7.7 Description of the hand tractor
7.7.1 Table 1 – Hand tractor Specifications
7.8 Results of Field Test
7.8.1 Table 2 – Field Performance Test Data
7.9 Results of Laboratory Tests
7.9.1 Table 3 – Results of Varying Load PerformanceTest
7.9.2 Table 4 – Results of Continuous Running Test
7.9.3 Table 5 – Results of Transmission EfficiencyTest
7.10 Observations
7.11 Name and Signature of Test Engineers

20. PAES 111 : 2000
A-103
Annex A
Suggested Minimum List of Field and Laboratory
Test Equipment and Materials
Items Quantity
A1 Equipment
A1.1 Field Equipment
A1.1.1 Timers
Range: 60 minutes: Accuracy 1/10
2
A1.1.2 Noise Level Meter
Range : 30 to 130 db(A)
1
A1.1.3 Cone Penetrometer 1
A1.1.4 Steel Tape, 50 m 1
A1.1.5 Graduated Cylinder, capacity: 500 mL 1
A1.1.6 Width and Depth Gage 1
A1.1.7 Camera 1
A1.2 Laboratory Equipment
A1.2.1 Load Cells, capacity:100 kg 2
A1.2.2 Strain Amplifier 1
A1.2.3 Multi-testers 2
A1.2.4 Tachometer, contact type 2
A1.2.5 Power Meter
Maximum voltage and current:
Vrms and 20 Arms
1
A2 Materials for Field Test
A2.1 Pegs 10
A2.2 Aluminum Foil 1
A2.3 Labeling Tags 10

21. PAES 111 : 2000
A-104
Annex B
Inspection Sheet for Walking-type Agricultural Tractor
Name ofApplicant :
Address :
Telephone No.:
Name ofDistributor :
Address :
Name ofManufacturer :
Factory Address:
GENERAL INFORMATION
Brand : Model :
Serial No. : Engine Serial No. :
Classification (pull type, tilling type or dual purpose type) :
Production date of walking-type agricultural tractor to be tested :

22. PAES 111 : 2000
A-105
Items to be inspected
ITEMS Manufacturer's
Specification
Verification by
Testing Agency
B1 Dimensions and weight of tractor
B1.1 Overall length, mm
B1.2 Overall width, mm
B1.3 Overall height, mm
B1.4 Ground clearance, mm
B1.5 Weight of tractor
(without engine), kg
B2 Engine
B2.1 Make/Country of Manufacture
B2.2 Model
B2.3 Serial Number
B2.4 Type
B2.4.1 Stroke
B2.4.1.1 Four-stroke
B2.4.1.2 Two-stroke
B2.4.2 Ignition
B2.4.2.1 Compression ignition
B2.4.2.2 Spark ignition
ITEMS
Manufacturer's
Specification
Verification by
Testing Agency
B2.5 Rated speed,rpm

23. PAES 111 : 2000
A-106
B2.6 Rated power, kW
B2.7 Fuel system
B2.7.1 Type of fuel
B2.7.1.1 Gasoline
B2.7.1.2 Diesel
B2.7.2 Tank capacity, L
B2.7.3 Fuel consumption, L/h
B2.8 Cooling system
B2.8.1 Air-cooled
B2.8.2 Water-cooled
B2.9 Starting system
B2.9.1 Rope recoil
B2.9.2 Hand cranked
B2.10 Weight, kg
B3 Type of clutch
B3.1 Main clutch
B3.2 Steering clutch (if any)
B3.3 Tilling clutch (if any)
B4 Power transmission system
B4.1 Type
B4.1.1 Chain and sprocket
B4.1.2 Gears
B4.2 Lubrication system
B4.2.1 Splash type
B4.2.2 Forced-feed
B5 Engine pulley (outside diameter x
no.of grooves x inside diameter, mm)
B6 Input shaft pulley (outside diameter
x no. of grooves x inside diameter, mm)
B7 Axle, L x W, mm

24. PAES 111 : 2000
A-107
B8 Hexagonal hub
B8.1 Thickness, mm
B8.2 Length, mm
B9 Type of hitch point
B9.1 Type I – One-hole Hitch
B9.2 Type II – Three-hole Hitch
B10 Tractive Wheels
B11.1 Pneumatic Tire Size
B11.2 Cage Wheel Size, L x D,mm
B11 Attachments
B11.1 Plow
B11.2 Harrow
B11.3 Rotary tiller
Annex C
Field Performance Test Data Sheet

25. PAES 111 : 2000
A-108
Items to be Measured and Inspected
ITEMS Trials Average
1 2 3
C1 Test Conditions
C1.1 Condition of field
C1.1.1 Location
C1.1.2 Soil type (clay, clay loam, sandy,etc)
C1.1.3 Dimensions of field
C1.1.3.1 Length, m
C1.1.3.2 Width, m
C1.1.3.3 Area, m2
C1.1.4 Depth of water/moisture content, mm/%
C1.1.5 No. of hours soaked (wet land)
C1.1.6 Soil resistance, kg/cm2
C1.1.7 Spacing of stubbles, mm
(rows x hills)
C1.1.8 Height of stubbles, mm
C1.1.9 Weed growth, no/m2
C1.2 Weather conditions
C1.2.1 Temperature
C1.2.1.1 Wet bulb, ºC
C1.2.1.2 Dry bulb, ºC
C1.2.2 Weather (sunny, cloudy, rainy, hot,
cold..)
C1.3 Condition of the tractor
C1.3.1 Tractive device
C1.3.1.1 Type

26. PAES 111 : 2000
A-109
C1.3.1.2 Size
C1.3.2 Implement to be used
C1.3.2.1 Type
C1.3.2.2 Size
C1.3.3 Wheel track
C1.3.4 Additional weight, kg
C1.3.4.1 Front-end
C1.3.4.2 Wheel

27. PAES 111 : 2000
A-110
ITEMS Trials Average
1 2 3
C1.3.5 Gross weight, kg
C1.3.6 Speed-gear positions
C1.3.6.1 Main transmission
C1.3.6.2 Auxiliary transmission
C1.3.6.3 Belt speed-change
C1.3.6.4 Rotary speed change
C1.3.7 Others
C2 Field Performance
C2.1 Date of test
C2.2 Kind of field operation
C2.3 Duration of test, min
C2.4 Time lost
C2.4.1 Turning, min
C2.4.2 Others (specify), min
C2.5 Type of implement
C2.6 Method of operation
C2.7 Depth of cut, mm
C2.8 Travelling speed, kph
C2.9 Theoretical width of tillage, mm
C2.10 Actual width of tillage, mm
C2.11 Theoretical field capacity, ha/h
C2.12 Actual field capacity, ha/h
C2.13 Field efficiency, %
C2.14 Fuel consumed, L
C2.15 Fuel consumption, L/h
C2.16 Others (specify)
C3 Observations:

28. PAES 111 : 2000
A-111
C3.1 Ease of handling and stability of the tractor
C3.2 Ease of manipulating of the operating levers
C3.3 Ease of replacing and adjusting the parts
C3.4 Safety features
C3.5 Failure or abnormalities that may be observed on the tractor or its component parts
C3.6 Others

29. PAES 111 : 2000
Annex D
Transmission Efficiency Test Data Sheet
Test Specimen :
Prime Mover :
Test Engineer :
Trial No. :
Date :
Place of Test :
Test Conditions
1. Air Temperature Motor Input Axle
Dry Bulb, C :
Wet Bulb, C:
2. Relative Humidity, % :
No Load Speed,rpm :
Speed Reduction Ratio:
Time
min
Axle Load, kg Speed, rpm Belt
Slippage
%
Axle
Torque
kg-m
Axle Shaft Power
kW
Input Efficiency
%
Left Right Total
Drive
Shaft
Axle
Shaft
Torque
kg-m
Speed
rpm
Power
kW
PAES
111
:
2000
A-106

30. PAES 111 : 2000

31. Annex E
Varying Load Performance Test Data Sheet
E.1 Wheel Axle
Test Specimen :
Prime Mover :
Test Engineer :
Test Conditions
Trial No. :
Date :
Place of Test:
1. Air Temperature Motor Input Axle
Dry Bulb, C :
Wet Bulb, C:
2. Relative Humidity, % :
No Load Speed,rpm :
Speed Reduction Ratio:
Time
min
Axle Load, kg Speed, rpm Belt
Slippage
%
Axle
Torque
kg-m
Axle Shaft
Power
kW
Temperature, C Fuel
Consumption
L/h
Specific
Fuel
Consumption
g/kW-h
Left Right Total
Engine
Shaft
Drive
Shaft
Axle
Shaft
Exhaust
gas
Transmission
oil

32. PAES
111
:
2000
A-107

33. E.2 Rotary Tilling Shaft
Test Specimen :
Prime mover :
Test Engineer :
Trial No. :
Date :
Place of Test :
Test Conditions
1. Air Temperature
Dry Bulb, C :
Wet Bulb, C:
2. Relative Humidity, % :
Time Rotary
Shaft
Load
Speed, rpm Belt
Slippage
Rotary
Shaft
Torque
Rotary
Shaft Power
Temperature, C Fuel
Consumption
Specific
Fuel
Consumption
Engine
Shaft
Drive
Shaft
Rotary
Shaft
Exhaust
gas
Transmission
oil
min kg % kg-m kW L/h g/kW-h
PAES
111
:
2000
A-108

35. Annex F
Continuous Running Test Data Sheet
F.1 Wheel Axle
Test Specimen :
Prime Mover :
Test Engineer :
Trial No. :
Date :
Place of Test :
Test Conditions
1. Air Temperature Motor Input Axle
Dry Bulb, C :
Wet Bulb, C:
2. Relative Humidity, % :
No Load Speed,rpm :
Speed Reduction Ratio:
Time Axle Load, kg Speed, rpm Belt
Slippage
%
Axle
Torque
kg-m
Axle
Shaft
Power
kW
Temperature, C Fuel
Consumption
L/h
Specific
Fuel
Consumption
g/kW-h
Left Right Total Engine
Shaft
Drive
Shaft
Axle
Shaft
Exhaust
gas
Transmission
oil
min
PAES
111
:
2000
A-109

37. F.2 Rotary Tilling Shaft
Test Specimen :
Prime Mover :
Test Engineer :
Trial No. :
Date :
Place of Test :
Test Conditions
1. Air Temperature
Dry Bulb, C :
Wet Bulb, C:
2. Relative Humidity, % :
Time Rotary
Shaft
Load
Speed, rpm Belt
Slippage
Rotary
Shaft
Torque
Rotary
Shaft
Power
Temperature, C Fuel
Consumption
Specific
Fuel
Consumption
Engine
Shaft
Drive
Shaft
Rotary
Shaft
Exhaust
gas
Transmission
oil
min kg % kg-m kW L/h g/kW-h
PAES
111
:
2000
A-110

39. PAES 111 : 2000
Annex G
FormulasUsedDuringCalculations andTesting
G1 Field Performance Test
G1.1 Estimation of Effective Field Capacity
G1.1.1 Average swath or width of cut, S, (m)
S =
W
2n
where: W is the width of plot, m
n
2
is the number of rounds
is the number of trips per round
G1.1.2 Total distance traveled, D, (m)
D =
A
= 2nL
S
where: A = L x W
where: A is the area of plot, m2
L is the length of the plot, m
G1.1.3 Effective area accomplished, Ae, (m2
)
Ae = wD = 2nLw
where: w is the width of plow or rotary tiller, m
G1.1.3.1 If width of swath is less than the plow’s or rotary tiller’s width, the
operator has passed over part of the area twice to secure better
coverage, therefore:
Ao = Ae - A

40. PAES 111 : 2000
where: Ao is the overlap (area which is plowed or
rototilled twice), m2
G1.1.3.2 If the average width of swath is greater that the plow’s or rotary
tiller’s width, the operator has left part of the area unplowed or
unrototilled, therefore:
Au = A - Ae
where: Au is the unplowed or unrototilled area
(area missed), m2
A-111

41. PAES 111 : 2000
PAES 111 : 2000
G1.1.4 Effective field capacity, efc, (m2
/h)
efc =
60Ae
t
where: t is the time used during the operation,min
G1.2 Theoretical Field Capacity, tfc, (m2
/h)
tfc
= we x v
where: we is the effective or theoretical width of tillage,
m
v is the speed of operation, m/h
G1.3 Field Efficiency, Feff, (%)
Feff = efc
tfc x 100
G1.4 Fuel Consumption, FC, (L/h)
FC =
V
t
G2 Laboratory Tests
where: V is the volume of fuel consumed, L
t is the total operating time, h
G2.1 Axle/Rotary Shaft Torque, T, (kg-m)

42. PAES 111 : 2000
T = F x L
where: F is the axle or rotary shaft load, kg
L is the length of pony brake arm, m
G2.2 Axle/Rotary Shaft Power, P, (kW)
P =
Ft x N
1340
where: Ft is the total axle or rotary shaft load, kg
N is the speed of axle or rotary shaft, rpm
G2.3 Specific Fuel Consumption, SFC, (g/kW-h)
SFC =
Fc
x  f
P
where: Fc is the fuel consumption, L/h
f is the density of fuel, g/L
P is the axle or rotary shaft power, kW
Prepared by:
ENGR. DAVE Y. RIEZA
Instructor

43. PAES 111 : 2000