Instrument Impulse piping

1. KNOWLEDGE SHARING PROGRAM
Topic- INSTRUMENT IMPULSE PIPING &
TUBING
-:by:-
Mohammad Zulfequar Ali Khan
Dy. Manager -Quality E&I
(3.0 MTPA Blast Furnace Project, Nagarnar)

2.  In Process industries the connection between Process piping
and Field transmitter is done by either Impulse piping and
Impulse tubing depending upon the nature of service.
Impulse Piping Types:-
 Stainless Steel
 Alloy Steel
 Carbon steel
Impulse Tubing Types:-
 Stainless Steel

3.  Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon containing less than 2% carbon
and 1% manganese and small amounts of silicon, phosphorus,
sulphur and oxygen.
 There are more than 3,500 different grades of steel with many
different physical, chemical, and environmental properties.
 If the Eiffel Tower were to be rebuilt today, the engineers would only
need one-third of the steel that was originally used.
 Since 200 BC, many cultures have produced steel in one form or
another. A British inventor, Henry Bessemer, is generally credited
with the invention of the first technique to mass produce steel in the
mid 1850s.
 Steel is still produced using technology based on the Bessemer
Process of blowing air through molten pig iron to oxidise the
material and separate impurities.
Source: http://www.worldsteel.org/

4.  Many elements and materials go through chemical reactions
with other elements. When steel comes into contact with
water and oxygen there is a chemical reaction and the steel
begins to revert to its original form - iron oxide.
In most modern steel applications this problem is easily
overcome by coating. Many different coating materials can be
applied to steel. Paint is used to coat cars and enamel is used
on refrigerators and other domestic appliances. In other
cases, elements such as nickel and chromium are added to
make stainless steel, which can help prevent rust.

5. COMPOSITION CAST IRON
WROUGH
IRON
PLAIN STEEL
HIGH STRENGTH
STEEL
STAINLESS
STEEL
CARBON 3.50% 0.035% 1.350% 0.250% 0.080%
MANGNEESE 0.50% 0.075% 1.650% 1.650% 2.000%
PHOSPHORUS 0.13% 0.075% 0.040% 0.040% 0.040%
SULFUR 0.13% 0.100% 0.050% 0.050% 0.030%
SILICON 1.20% 0.100% 0.060% 0.120% 0.750%
NICKEL x x x 2.500% 8.000%
CROMIUM x x x 0.800% 18.000%

6.  Carbon steel is steel in which the main interstitial alloying constituent
is carbon in the range of 0.12–2.0%.
 "Steel is considered to be carbon steel when no minimum content is
specified or required
for chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, titanium, tungsten,
vanadium or zirconium, or any other element to be added to obtain a
desired alloying effect
 or when the maximum content specified for any of the following
elements does not exceed the percentages
noted: manganese 1.65, silicon0.60, copper 0.60.“
 The term "carbon steel" may also be used in reference to steel which is
not stainless steel.
 Low carbon steel<0.3% carbon content
 Medium carbon steel Approximately 0.30–0.59% carbon content
 High-carbon steel (ASTM 304)Approximately 0.6–0.99% carbon content.
 Ultra-high-carbon steel Approximately 1.0–2.0% carbon content.

7.  ALLOY:-A metal made by combining two or more metallic elements,
especially to give greater strength or resistance to corrosion.
 ALLOY STEEL:-is steel that is alloyed with a variety of elements in total
amounts between 1.0% and 50% by weight to improve its mechanical
properties.
“Alloy steel" is the standard term referring to steels with other alloying
elements in addition to the carbon. Common alloyants
include manganese (the most common
one), nickel, chromium,molybdenum, vanadium, silicon, and boron. Less
common alloyants
include aluminum, cobalt, copper, cerium, niobium, titanium,tungsten, tin, z
inc, lead, and zirconium.

8. Grade P-5 P-9 P-11 P-22 P-91
Compositions%
Carbon 0.15 max 0.15 max 0.05 - 0.15 0.05 - 0.15 0.08 - 0.12
Manganese 0.30 - 0.60 0.30 - 0.60 0.30 - 0.60 0.30 - 0.60 0.30 - 0.60
Phosphorous, max 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.020
Sulfur, max 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.010
Silicon 0.50 max 0.25 - 1.00 0.50 - 1.00 0.50 max 0.20 -0.50
Chromium 4.00 - 6.00
8.00 -
10.00
1.00 - 1.50 1.90 - 2.60 8.00 - 9.50
Molybdenum 0.45 -0.65 0.90 - 1.10 0.44 - 0.65 0.87 - 1.13 0.85 - 1.05

9.  stainless steel is a steel alloy with a minimum of 10.5% Chromium content
by mass.
 Stainless steels contain sufficient chromium to form a passive film of
chromium oxide, which prevents further surface corrosion by blocking
oxygen diffusion to the steel surface and blocks corrosion from spreading
into the metal's internal structure.
 Broadly use Stainless Steels in Process Industries are:
SS:304, SS:316, SS:317, SS:321

10. S.S. 304 304L 316 316L 317 321
Carbon 0.08 0.03 0.08 0.03 0.08 0.08
Manganese 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
Silicone 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Chromium 18/20 18/20 23/26 16/18 18/20 17/19
Nickel 8.0/12 8.0/12 10/14 10/14 11/15 9.0/12
Molybdenum 2.0/3.0 2.0/3.0 3.0/4.0
Phosphorus 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045
Titanium 5XC
Sulphur 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03

11.  Welding is joining two pieces of metal by:
◦ Heating to temperature high enough to cause softening or melting
◦ With or without application of pressure
This is often done by melting the work-pieces and adding a filler material to
form a pool of molten material (the weld pool) that cools to become a strong
join and produce the weld.
Following are the best known welding methods:
 Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) - also known as "stick welding", uses
an electrode that has flux, the protectant for the puddle, around it. The
electrode holder holds the electrode as it slowly melts away. Slag protects
the weld puddle from the outside world.

12.  Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) - also known as TIG (tungsten, inert
gas), uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode to produce the weld. The
weld area is protected from atmospheric contamination by an inert
shielding gas such as Argon or Helium.

13.  Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) - commonly termed MIG (metal, inert gas),
uses a wire feeding gun that feeds wire at an adjustable speed and sprays
an argon-based shielding gas or a mix of argon and carbon dioxide (CO2)
over the weld puddle to protect it from the outside world.

14.  A welding joint is a point or edge where two or more pieces
of metal or plastic are joined together. They are formed by welding two or
more work pieces (metal or plastic) according to a particular geometry. Five
types of joints referred to by the American Welding Society.
 A butt weld is the most common and easiest to use. Consisting of two flat
pieces that are parallel to one another. In this Bevel edge preparation is
needed.
 Edge welding joints, a groove type of weld, are placed side by side and
welded on the same edge. They are often applied to parts of sheet metal that
have edges flanging up or formed at a place where a weld must be made to
join two adjacent pieces together.
 Lap welding is formed when two pieces are placed atop each other while also
over lapping each other for a certain distance along the edge. Considered a
fillet type of a welding joint, the weld can be made on one or both sides.
 A corner weld is a type of joint that is between two metal parts and is
located at right angles to one another in the form of a L. As the name
indicates, it is used to connect two pieces together, forming a corner.
 Tee joints considered a fillet type of weld, form when two members intersect
at 90° resulting in the edges coming together in the middle of a component
or plate. It may also be formed when a tube or pipe is placed on a baseplate.

16.  Bevel edge Impulse Pipe fitting for Butt weld
 Socket fitting for fillet/socket weld

17.  IMPULSE TUBING:- The connection from process line tapping point to
transmitter end can also be done through Impulse tubing. The most
Common types of steel use for this piping are SS-304 and SS-316.
The dimensions are as follow:-
 OD for tube :
Size 6MM 12MM 20MM …… 35MM 38MM 42MM
 Tube Thickness :
Size 1.0MM 1.5MM 2.0MM …… 4MM 5MM 10.0MM

18. THANKS