11. DYE PENETRANT TEST Cleaning Dye application Crack plane Cleaning and Developing Inspection of indication
12.
13. MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION Magnetic field lines Defect Flux leakage (Fe powder accumulation) Magnetic field Job Magnetizing current Magnetic field
14.
15. ULTRASONIC TESTING (Normal beam) Thickness = Velocity of sound in steel x time/2
24. HYDROTEST PRECAUTIONS Know the correct pressure. Lock expansion bellows Vent properly. Use calibrated pressure gages. Gage range shall be 1.5 to 4 times the pressure to be maintained. Use two pressure gages. Pressurize in steps especially if hydrotest pressure is more than 40 barg. If in delay of arrival of inspector, reduce pressure to less than design pressure. Do not leave pressurized equipment unattended especially in summer. Open vent to depressurize. Drain only with vent in open condition.
25. PNEUMATIC TESTING Pneumatic test is dangerous because of the high amount of energy stored in a compressed gas. Other precautions indicated for hydrotest is applicable for pneumatic test also.
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