CORONAVIRUS; Novel 2020 Pandemic

1. BY
MALEEHA
FATIMA

2. 2020 started with the emergence of novel
coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 that
caused a pandemic of coronavirus disease
(COVID-19) which causes respiratory and
intestinal infections in humans.
Human coronaviruses primarily cause
respiratory infections. A number of strains
of coronaviruses are recognized, most of
which are responsible for the common
cold.
INTRODUCTION
By Maleeha Fatima

3. Coronaviruses are enveloped,
positive-sense single-stranded
RNA viruses. They are members
of the subfamily “Coronavirinae”
(family; Coronaviridae,
order; Nidovirales).
Coronavirus contains four genera:
1. alpha-coronavirus (e.g., 229E, NL63): infect
mammals
2. beta-coronavirus (e.g., SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-
2, HKU1, OC43, MERS-CoV): infect mammals
3. gamma-coronavirus: infect birds
4. delta-coronavirus: infect birds.
By Maleeha Fatima

4. SARS-CoV
In 2002, a new strain emerged in
China that rapidly spread in the region,
then to Hong Kong, Vietnam, and
Singapore. Focal outbreaks were also
reported in other countries by travelers
from the endemic region who became ill
when they returned home. The virus was
named SARS-CoV. Two facts about this
virus are critical: person-to-person spread
occurred readily, including in the health
care workers exposed to the patients, and
the disease was responsible for a high
mortality rate, particularly for patients
with underlying pulmonary disease (i.e.,
50% mortality) and in the elderly.
By Maleeha Fatima

5. MERS-CoV
In 2012, a new coronavirus infection
erupted in the Middle East, again associated
with a high mortality rate. This strain,
MERS-CoV, has spread from the initial focus
in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia through the
Middle East and to other countries via
travelers. In contrast with the SARS-CoV
strain, this coronavirus is only intermittently
spread person-to-person; however,
coronaviruses have a high mutation rate so
this can change rapidly. In addition, the
strain continues to circulate in the Middle
East.
By Maleeha Fatima

6. HOW DOES
IT
SPREAD?
the main way of
catching the disease
is through the
respiratory droplets
expelled by sufferer
while coughing or
sneezing
By Maleeha Fatima

7. SYMPTOMS
OF
COVID-19

9. ACHES
SORE THROAT
DIARRHEA
RUNNY NOSE
VOMITING

10. PREVENTIVE
MEASURES
AGAINST
COVID-19
ACCORDING
TO
By Maleeha Fatima

11. Washing hands with
soap and water kill
viruses that may be on
your hands.
Maintain at least 1
meter (3 feet) distance
between yourself and
anyone who is coughing
and sneezing.
By Maleeha Fatima

12. Cover mouth and nose with
your bent elbow or tissue
when you cough or sneeze.
Then dispose off the used
tissue immediately.
Avoid touching eyes, nose
and mouth with unwashed
hands.
By Maleeha Fatima