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Fungus
1.
2. 1. What is fungus?
2. How old is fungus?
3. Fungal form
4. Fungi - Is beneficial or detrimental?
5. Identification of molds
6. Terminologies
7. Microscopic structures of molds
3. WHAT IS FUNGUS ?
• Non-photosynthetic, heterotrophic, eukaryotic organism is
called Fungus.
• All fungi are placed in separate kingdom and named as
Kingdom Fungi.
• The discipline of biology which is devoted to the study of fungi
is known as Mycology.
• Fungus has the ability to digest its food externally and absorbs
nutrients directly from its cell wall.
4.
5. ➢ There are two forms in which fungus exists: unicellular
(yeast) as well as multicellular (mold). Yeast is a type of
fungi that lack hyphae whereas mold is a type of fungi
that have hyphae.
➢ Fungus that exists in both forms, either occur as yeast or
mold, depending on environmental conditions is called
dimorphic fungi.
Microscopic fungi - yeast and mold.
Macroscopic fungi- mushrooms.
6. ❖ Fungi are fascinating but they are also critically
important to humans in both beneficial as well as
detrimental ways.
❖ Fungi are involved in a wide range of activities such
as: some fungi are decomposers, parasites or
pathogens of other organisms while some fungi are
beneficial partners in symbiosis with animals, plants
or algae.
7. BENEFITS:
Fungi are used in many industrial processes such as
the production of enzymes, vitamins,
polysaccharides, polyhydric alcohols, pigments,
lipids and glycolipids.
DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS:
Black mold- Aspergillus &
Blue mold- Penicillium on bread respectively
11. IDENTIFICATION OF MOLDS
❖ According to the survey, which was conducted by
American society for Microbiology:
• 89% of laboratories performing morphology based
mycological examination
• 16% use serological test
• Fewer than 5% use molecular test
• 3% use home brew molecular test
12. ❖ Fungi have been identified usually on the basis
of their morphological characteristics by
comparison with those of the known species
observed by microscope.
❖ Molds are studied macroscopically as well as
microscopically.
17. TERMINOLOGIES
•Conidia- spores that produced asexually at the tip of conidiophore
•Conidiophore- specialized hyphae that produce conidia
•Phialides- flask-shaped projection arises from the vesicle
•Vesicle- swollen end cells that stores the food
•Columella- dome shaped structure found at the tip of sporangiophore
•Sporangium- cell containing spores
•Sporangiospores- spores that produced in the sporangium
•Sporangiophora- specialized hyphae that bear sporangia
•Hyphae- long filament, thread like tubular structures
•Septate hyphae- cross wall divide the hyphae into uninucleate unit
•Non-septate hyphae- no cross wall
•Mycelium- mass of hyphae that can be seen macroscopically
•Metula- branches arises from conidiophore
21. The pictures used in this presentation (culture plate of mold, Microscopic
images of molds Aspergillus, Mucor, Penicillium) are the part of my research
which was carried out at Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research
(PCSIR) under the supervision of Dr. Muhammad Naseem Khan (PCSIR) and
Dr. Saifullah (University of Karachi).
