overview of COVID-19

1. Ms. Gagan Sharma (Assist. Prof)
Ms. Amanjeet Kaur (C I )
SARS – CoV-2 COVID-19
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2.  Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that
can causes illnesses ranging widely in severity.
 Human Corona viruse first characterized in
1960s are responsible for a large proportion of
upper respiratory tract infection in children.
 First Break down of severe illness caused by a
Corona virus was in 2003 i.e Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic in China.

3.  Second outbreak of sever illness began in
2012 in Saudi Arabia with the Middle East
Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
 An outbreak of a novel strain of Coronavirus
causing severe illness named as SARS-COV-
2 in Wuhan (China) was reported in Dec 2019.

5.  Data showed that Chinese scientists sequenced
the genome of SARS-COV-2, which results in
epidemic of COVID-19 illness by increasing
transmission from human to human after a single
exposure into human population.
 But scientist analyzed that SARS- CoV- 2 spike
proteins had evolved 2 effectively target features:
1. Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) which is capable
for grappling hook that make grip to adhere with
host cells.

6.  2. Cleavage Site: which allows the viruses to
crack and open the host cells and enter into it.
 Other proposed the scenario a non pathogenic
version of viruses jumped from an animal host
into humans and then evolved into pathogenic
state within the human population . Eg.
Pangolins, Armadillo like mammals and
intermediary host like civets or ferrets, camels,
cattle, bats.
 These animals could possibly have been
transmitted the corona viruses to a human.

7.  Coronaviruses are a large family of zoonotic
viruses that cause illness ranging from the
common cold to severe respiratory diseases.
 There are several corona viruses known to be
circulating in different animal population that
have not yet infected humans.
 COVID-19 is the most recent to make the
jump in human infection.

8. 1.Human Coronavirus 229E (HCOV- 229E) –Alpha
2.Human Coronavirus OC43 (HCOV-OC43)-Beta
3.SARS Coronavirus (SARS-COV) -Beta
4.Human Coronavirus NL63 (HCOV-NL63)- Alpha
5.Human Coronavirus HKU (HKU-1) -Beta
6.Human Coronavirus MERS (MERS-COV) -Beta
7.Human Coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) -Beta

9.  Family: coronaviridae
 Property: diameter
enveloped virion that
measure approximately
120 nm.
 RNA: Positive sense,
Single Standard mRNA
 Linear and Helical
Capsid
 Glycoprotein spikes in
the envelope give
crown like or coronal
appearance
 Size: 400-500 mm (2nd
largest viruse)

10.  ICTV ( International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses)
announced SARS-CoV-2 on the basis of viruses genome.
 2019 Novel Coronavirus
 2019-nCoV: new not resembling something formerly known
 SARS- COV-2
 WHO announced “COVID-19” .
 WHO officially designated novel Corona viruse outbreak a
Pandemic on 11th March

11.  SNEEZING AND COUGH
 LOT OF DROPLETS spreading in the air or fall on the
ground and near by surfaces
 Another person inhale the droplets or touches the
surfaces
 Touches his face eyes or mouth
CAN GET THE INFECTION
IF DISTANCE IS LESS THAN 1METER (3 FEET) CHANCES ARE
MORE FOR INFECTION

14. Acc. WHO
 1-14 DAYS

15.  OCCUR IN ALL AGE GROUPS
 Co-morbidity such as high BP, HD, Lung
disease, cancer or diabetes, renal disease
 Infection generally mild in children
 Travel history to an area affected by
Coronaviruses
 Close contact with infected person

17.  Fever
 Sore throat
 Cough
 SOB
 Mild illness reported in
81%
 Severe illness occur
with in 24-48 hours in
14%
 Critical disease (MOD,
Shock, Respiratory
failure) in 5%
 Overall case fatality
rate between 2.3-5%

18.  Fever 88%
 Fatigue 38%
 Dry cough 67%
 Myalgias 14.9%
 Dyspnea 18.7%
 ARDS 3.4%
 Headache
 Sore throat
 Rhinorrhea
 Gastrointestinal
symptoms

21.  Kit 2019-nCoV RT-PCR (Real Time Reverse
Transcriptase (RT) PCR) diagnostic Panel
developed by CDC 2019- Novel Corona Viruses.
(Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal swab)
 COVID-19 Rapid test detect IgM,and IgG
 Bronchoscopy
 Sputum, Stool and urine specimen
 Serological test
 Leukopenia, Leukocytosis, Lymphopenia and
Thrombocytopenia, increased serum
procalcitonin, C-Reactive protein (CRP)

24. Stay aware of the latest information
1. Frequent hand wash: alcohol based hand
rub or soup and water.
2. Maintain Distance :at least 1 meter distance
3. Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth.
4. Practice respiratory hygiene: coving mouth
and nose with elbow while sneezing and
coughing
5. Seek medical care early: while experience
fever, SOB and dry cough.
6. Stay informed and follow advice given by
health care provider

25. 1. Stay at home if began to feel unwell even
with mild symptoms like headache and
runny nose until recover.
2. If symptoms develop seek medical advice
promptly
3. Informed health care provider about recent
travel history and contact with travelers.

30. Wear Mask
 If healthy wear mask only while taking care of
suspected person
 While coughing and sneezing
 Effective in combination with frequent hand
cleaning

31.  Cover mouth and nose with mask
 No gap between face and mask
 Avoid touching the mask while using it
 Replace the mask with new one as soon as it
is damp
 Don’t reuse single used mask
 Don’t touch the front of mask while removing
 Discard immediately in close bin
 Clean hands

33.  COVID-19 can be transmitted in the areas
with hot and humid climates
 Cold weather and snow cannot kill the
COVID-19
 Taking a hot bath does not prevent the new
corona viruses disease
 Cannot be transmitted through mosquito
viruse
 Hand dryers are not effective in killing 2019-
nCoV
 UV disinfected lamps not effective

34.  Thermal scanner are not effective in detecting
COVID-19
 Spraying alcohol and chlorine all over body
will not kill viruse that have already enter
your body.
 Pneumonia and influenza vaccines are not
effective
 Regularly rinsing nose with saline is not
effective.
 Garlic is not effective.
 All age groups are susceptible.
 Antibiotics are not effective.

36.  No specific medicine
 Symptomatic treatment is given with optimize
supportive care.
 Combination of 3 drug: Jaipur
 Antiretroviral – Lopinavir, Ritonavir (kaletra)
 Antimalarial : chloroquine
 Antiviral: Oseltanuvir, or tamiflu
 Anti flu drug: Favipiravir
 Hydroxychloroquine

37.  Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation
(NIPPV)
 Mechanical ventilator

42.  +91-11-23978046
 TOLL FREE NO : 1075
 In Punjab: 104

45. THANK YOU