Approaches to discourse analysis....Applied linguistics book

1. Sociolinguistic approaches:
ethnography and variation
theory

2.  Anthropological linguistics and sociolinguistics how language creates effective
communication in the contexts
 The contributions of sociolinguistics to discourse
analysis:
 The three sociolinguistic approaches to
discourse analysis are ethnographic
approaches, interactional sociolinguistics
and variation theory

3.  Ethnography
 Ethnographic approaches to
conversation have been led by
Hymes
 ‘the situation and uses, the
patterns and functions, of
speaking as an activity
 ‘speech event’
• Any speech event comprises
several components
Hymes’s SPEAKING grid

4. Hymes’s SPEAKING grid
SPEAKING
setting scene
participant
key
instrumentalities
act sequence
norms of interaction
and interpretation
genre
ends

5.  Variation theory
 Labov, with Waletsky (Labov and
Waletsky, 1967), argued that the
‘overall structure’ of a fully formed
narrative of personal experience is: