This document discusses 7 approaches to discourse analysis:
1. Conversation analysis examines the structure and organization of natural conversation.
2. Ethnography analyzes language use within social and cultural contexts through observation and interviews.
3. Corpus-based analysis uses large text databases to study language patterns and variations in genres.
4. Multimodal analysis views communication as involving multiple modes beyond just language.
5. Genre analysis describes conventional language patterns associated with academic and professional settings.
6. Critical discourse analysis critically examines how language relates to power and social inequality.
7. Mediated discourse analysis focuses on how social actions are carried out through discourse within cultural and historical contexts.
Discourse analysis involves analyzing language in its social context. It analyzes real texts, not artificial ones, and looks at utterances rather than isolated sentences. There are several approaches to discourse analysis, including sociology, ethnography, variation theory, and systemic functional linguistics. Spoken and written discourse differ in aspects like lexical density, grammar use, and repetition of words. Corpus linguistics uses large text databases to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze patterns of language use and variation in discourse. Discourse analysis can inform language pedagogy by helping teachers delineate genres, explain text features, evaluate student performance, and teach discourse structures.
Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is an interdisciplinary approach to the study of discourse that views language as a form of social practice. Scholars working in the tradition of CDA generally assume that (non-linguistic) social practice and linguistic practice constitute one another and focus on investigating how societal power relations are established and reinforced through language use
The document discusses four major theories of second language acquisition:
1) The behaviorist perspective which focuses on habit formation through practice and reinforcement.
2) The innatist perspective which posits that humans have an innate Universal Grammar that facilitates language learning.
3) The cognitive/developmental perspective which explains language learning through general theories of learning like information processing and interaction.
4) The sociocultural perspective which views language development as arising through social interaction, such as interacting within one's Zone of Proximal Development.
This document summarizes key concepts from Transformational Grammar between pages 33-43. It discusses deep and surface structure, transformational rules that relate these levels of representation, and issues in grammatical theory including the centrality of syntax and debates around the innateness of language. The summary provides an overview of these core topics in the development of Transformational Grammar.
Stylistics is a branch of applied linguistics that studies style in texts, especially literary works. It examines language use at the individual and social level. Stylistics has many branches including cognitive, corpus, critical, emotion, feminist, film, formalist, functionalist, historical, multimodal, pedagogical, and pragmatic stylistics that each analyze language through different approaches and contexts.
This document discusses 7 approaches to discourse analysis:
1. Conversation analysis examines the structure and organization of natural conversation.
2. Ethnography analyzes language use within social and cultural contexts through observation and interviews.
3. Corpus-based analysis uses large text databases to study language patterns and variations in genres.
4. Multimodal analysis views communication as involving multiple modes beyond just language.
5. Genre analysis describes conventional language patterns associated with academic and professional settings.
6. Critical discourse analysis critically examines how language relates to power and social inequality.
7. Mediated discourse analysis focuses on how social actions are carried out through discourse within cultural and historical contexts.
Discourse analysis involves analyzing language in its social context. It analyzes real texts, not artificial ones, and looks at utterances rather than isolated sentences. There are several approaches to discourse analysis, including sociology, ethnography, variation theory, and systemic functional linguistics. Spoken and written discourse differ in aspects like lexical density, grammar use, and repetition of words. Corpus linguistics uses large text databases to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze patterns of language use and variation in discourse. Discourse analysis can inform language pedagogy by helping teachers delineate genres, explain text features, evaluate student performance, and teach discourse structures.
Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is an interdisciplinary approach to the study of discourse that views language as a form of social practice. Scholars working in the tradition of CDA generally assume that (non-linguistic) social practice and linguistic practice constitute one another and focus on investigating how societal power relations are established and reinforced through language use
The document discusses four major theories of second language acquisition:
1) The behaviorist perspective which focuses on habit formation through practice and reinforcement.
2) The innatist perspective which posits that humans have an innate Universal Grammar that facilitates language learning.
3) The cognitive/developmental perspective which explains language learning through general theories of learning like information processing and interaction.
4) The sociocultural perspective which views language development as arising through social interaction, such as interacting within one's Zone of Proximal Development.
This document summarizes key concepts from Transformational Grammar between pages 33-43. It discusses deep and surface structure, transformational rules that relate these levels of representation, and issues in grammatical theory including the centrality of syntax and debates around the innateness of language. The summary provides an overview of these core topics in the development of Transformational Grammar.
Stylistics is a branch of applied linguistics that studies style in texts, especially literary works. It examines language use at the individual and social level. Stylistics has many branches including cognitive, corpus, critical, emotion, feminist, film, formalist, functionalist, historical, multimodal, pedagogical, and pragmatic stylistics that each analyze language through different approaches and contexts.
Stylistics introduction, Definitions of StylisticsAngel Ortega
This document defines stylistics and discusses its branches. Stylistics is the analysis of linguistic variation in actual language use. It examines how the same content can be expressed differently and analyzes styles across texts. Stylistics considers the natural properties of language that ensure intended effects. The document also distinguishes between spoken and written language at the phonetic, lexical, and syntactic levels, and categorizes words as common, formal, technical, and slang.
Discourse analysis refers to studying language use beyond the sentence level, including conversational exchanges and written texts. There are several approaches to discourse analysis from different disciplines. These include speech act theory (language as action), conversation analysis (structure of dialogue), interactional sociolinguistics (context and social identities), ethnography of communication (culture and communication), pragmatics (meaning based on context), and variation analysis (linguistic structures in texts). Each approach provides a distinct perspective for analyzing discourse in social contexts.
This document provides information about a student named Nikunj Bhatti enrolled in the 3rd semester of an M.A. program in 2014-2016. It discusses several key topics in sociolinguistics, including how language use varies based on social factors like age, gender, and profession. It also examines how language changes spread between groups and styles, and how these changes can be studied through apparent time studies, real time studies, and analyses of social status and gender. The document further distinguishes between micro-sociolinguistics, which focuses on dialect and style variation, and macro-sociolinguistics, which explores issues like language retention in immigrant communities.
The document discusses the concept of speech communities. It defines a speech community as a group of people who share similar language ideas, uses and norms. It notes that members of a speech community use language according to a set of shared norms and characteristics. The document outlines key elements of speech communities including population, area, facilities, identification and interaction. It also discusses sociolinguistic variables that can cause one to belong to one speech community and not another, such as age, social class, education and others.
The slides contain a short account of the relationship between discourse analysis and interactional sociolinguistics linguistics. They also provide a short account of different approaches to politeness. The influence of Gumperz and Goffman on politeness and facework is highlighted.
This document provides an overview of linguistic variation and key concepts related to dialects and registers. It discusses the differences between language and dialect, and notes that all speakers use some dialect. Dialects can be divided into regional dialects, which vary based on geography, and social dialects, which are influenced by factors like occupation, age, education, and gender. The document also examines concepts like standard vs. non-standard dialects, speech communities, linguistic styles and registers, which refer to context-specific variations in language use. Key terms discussed include idiolect, isogloss, diglossia, and the prestige often afforded to standard dialects over non-standard varieties.
This document discusses the field of lexicography, which involves both the theoretical and practical aspects of dictionary making. It defines lexicography and outlines its history, providing examples of early dictionaries. It also describes the types of lexicography as either practical (involving compilation and editing) or theoretical (analyzing semantic relations and developing dictionary structure theories). Finally, it discusses the various stages involved in practical lexicography, such as acquiring lexicon entries, structuring information, writing entries, and updating/archiving entries.
The document discusses different approaches to discourse analysis including sociology, sociolinguistics, philosophy, linguistics, and artificial intelligence. It also discusses speech act theory, pragmatics, Grice's cooperative principle and conversational maxims, Hymes' speaking grid for analyzing communicative events, and natural vs. non-natural meaning.
The document discusses discourse analysis and related linguistic concepts. It defines discourse as language above the sentence level, including stretches of spoken language that are coherent and meaningful. It describes two approaches to analyzing discourse: structural, which looks at grammatical relationships between units, and functional, which examines how language performs different social functions. Recent approaches view discourse as a social practice shaped by and having implications for social structures. The document also discusses speech act theory, which proposes that utterances in dialogue perform actions, such as asking a question or making a promise.
Stylistics is the scientific study of language and literature and its branches. It links linguistic study to literary criticism. There are several branches of stylistics including computational stylistics, lexical stylistics, comparative stylistics, phonostylistics, grammatical stylistics, the function of stylistics, stylistic syntax, and individual style study. Stylistics helps to better understand language and its use in different contexts through the analysis of linguistic and textual elements.
This document discusses the topic of sociolinguistics. It defines sociolinguistics as the study of language use in society and how language interacts with and helps shape social structures. The document outlines three subcategories of sociolinguistic study: micro-sociolinguistics, macro-sociolinguistics, and three areas of sociolinguistic research - language variation, language contact, and linguistic relativity. It provides examples of research within these areas and discusses implications for language teaching.
Systemic Functional Linguistics: An approach to analyzing written academic di...ClmentNdoricimpa
Written academic discourse refers to the way of thinking and using language that exist in the academy. Writers demonstrate knowledge and negotiate social relations with readers by means of written discourse. In order to understand these characteristics of written discourse, different approaches are followed. Some follow a linguistic approach to uncover the linguistic devices associated with coherence in a written text. Other follow a social approach to analyze the social cultural context in which a written text occurs. However, it is demonstrated that the linguistic and the social cultural elements in a written text cannot be disassociated and that an approach, which combine the two approaches is required. Such an approach is Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). Therefore, this paper discusses the way in which SFL is used as an approach to analyzing linguistic features of academic discourses and how those features relate to social cultural context. In this paper, it is shown that SFL provides the means to analyze not only the linguistic resources employed in a written text but also the context in which the text is used. These linguistic resources are associated with the creation of ideational, interpersonal and textual meaning at the level of lexicogrammar and discourse semantic. The context is modelled through register and genre theory.
This document discusses key concepts in conversation analysis. It defines interaction and conversation, and explains the basic structure of turn-taking in conversation. It also describes important conversational elements like pauses, overlaps, backchannels, conversational style, adjacency pairs, and preference structure. Adjacency pairs refer to expected question-answer sequences in conversations, while preference structure indicates that acceptance is a more preferred response than refusal.
This document provides an overview of critical discourse analysis (CDA). It discusses key principles of CDA, including how social and political issues are constructed through language use and how power relations are negotiated in discourse. The document also outlines how CDA explores the connections between language and social context, and how it examines issues like gender, ethnicity and ideology. Several methods of CDA are introduced, such as analyzing framing techniques, multimodality, and identity construction in texts. Criticisms of CDA are noted, as well as suggestions for expanding its analytical tools and approaches.
Semantics is the study of meanings of words, phrases and sentences. It involves analyzing conceptual meanings, which are the basic components of a word's meaning, and associative meanings, which are connotations attached to a word. Semantics also examines how words fulfill roles like agent, theme, and experiencer within sentences, and lexical relations between words such as synonyms, antonyms, and polysemy.
This document discusses the history and relationships between sociolinguistics and other related disciplines. It outlines that sociolinguistics emerged from the work of scholars like William Labov, Basil Bernstein, Dell Hymes, John Gumperz, Charles Ferguson, and Joshua Fishman in the 1960s-1970s. It also describes how sociolinguistics is linked to linguistics, sociology, pragmatics, and anthropology by examining the social influences on language use.
Lecture 1st-Introduction to Discourse Analysis._023928.pptxGoogle
Introduction to discourse analysis
What is discourse?
What is discourse Analysis?
Paradigms in linguistics
Cohesion and Coherense
Types of written discourse
Types of spoken discourse
Text and discourse
Scope of discourse analysis
This document discusses Transformational Generative Grammar as proposed by Noam Chomsky. It defines a sentence as being "well formed" if native speakers accept it as grammatically correct. A language consists of a set of well formed sentences. Transformational grammar uses defined "transformations" like insertion, deletion, movement, and substitution to generate new sentences from existing ones. It has both a "transformational" aspect, allowing sentences to be changed while keeping or changing meaning, and a "generative" aspect, allowing an infinite number of sentences to be produced from a finite set of rules. Sentences have both a "deep structure" abstract meaning and "surface structure" spoken form, related by transformations. The model uses phrase structure and transformational
This document discusses theories of politeness from a socio-pragmatic perspective. It outlines Brown and Levinson's influential theory of politeness from 1978, which proposes that politeness arises from people's desire to protect each other's "face" or public self-image. Brown and Levinson identify two types of face - positive face, which is the desire to be approved of, and negative face, which is the desire to not be imposed on. They suggest politeness strategies like indirect speech acts that mitigate potential threats to another's face. The document also reviews other approaches to politeness including social norm, conversational contact, and maxims approaches.
Aspects of Critical discourse analysis by Ruth WodakHusnat Ahmed
This document provides an overview of critical discourse analysis (CDA). It discusses key terms like discourse, ideology, and power. It outlines the historical development of CDA from the 1970s onward. The document also examines the main research agenda of CDA, including its aims to investigate social inequality and power relations as expressed through language. Open questions are noted about operationalizing theories and the need for more explicit linguistic theories.
Discourse studies are the interdisciplinary study of language in use beyond the sentence level, including both spoken and written texts. The scope of discourse studies encompasses linguistic and non-linguistic contexts, examining language from intra-textual and social perspectives. Discourse studies are important for language teaching as they expose learners to real-world language patterns and help develop socio-cultural competence to avoid misunderstandings.
Discourse analysis is the study of language use beyond the sentence level. It examines how stretches of language take on meaning and coherence for communication. There are structural and functional definitions of discourse. Structurally, discourse is a linguistic unit above the sentence, while functionally it is a particular use of language. Historically, discourse analysis originated in classical rhetoric and linguistics over 2000 years ago, but emerged as a modern discipline in the 1960s-1970s across various fields including linguistics, sociolinguistics, psychology, and anthropology. It draws from theories such as speech act theory, sociolinguistics, and the study of language variation.
Stylistics introduction, Definitions of StylisticsAngel Ortega
This document defines stylistics and discusses its branches. Stylistics is the analysis of linguistic variation in actual language use. It examines how the same content can be expressed differently and analyzes styles across texts. Stylistics considers the natural properties of language that ensure intended effects. The document also distinguishes between spoken and written language at the phonetic, lexical, and syntactic levels, and categorizes words as common, formal, technical, and slang.
Discourse analysis refers to studying language use beyond the sentence level, including conversational exchanges and written texts. There are several approaches to discourse analysis from different disciplines. These include speech act theory (language as action), conversation analysis (structure of dialogue), interactional sociolinguistics (context and social identities), ethnography of communication (culture and communication), pragmatics (meaning based on context), and variation analysis (linguistic structures in texts). Each approach provides a distinct perspective for analyzing discourse in social contexts.
This document provides information about a student named Nikunj Bhatti enrolled in the 3rd semester of an M.A. program in 2014-2016. It discusses several key topics in sociolinguistics, including how language use varies based on social factors like age, gender, and profession. It also examines how language changes spread between groups and styles, and how these changes can be studied through apparent time studies, real time studies, and analyses of social status and gender. The document further distinguishes between micro-sociolinguistics, which focuses on dialect and style variation, and macro-sociolinguistics, which explores issues like language retention in immigrant communities.
The document discusses the concept of speech communities. It defines a speech community as a group of people who share similar language ideas, uses and norms. It notes that members of a speech community use language according to a set of shared norms and characteristics. The document outlines key elements of speech communities including population, area, facilities, identification and interaction. It also discusses sociolinguistic variables that can cause one to belong to one speech community and not another, such as age, social class, education and others.
The slides contain a short account of the relationship between discourse analysis and interactional sociolinguistics linguistics. They also provide a short account of different approaches to politeness. The influence of Gumperz and Goffman on politeness and facework is highlighted.
This document provides an overview of linguistic variation and key concepts related to dialects and registers. It discusses the differences between language and dialect, and notes that all speakers use some dialect. Dialects can be divided into regional dialects, which vary based on geography, and social dialects, which are influenced by factors like occupation, age, education, and gender. The document also examines concepts like standard vs. non-standard dialects, speech communities, linguistic styles and registers, which refer to context-specific variations in language use. Key terms discussed include idiolect, isogloss, diglossia, and the prestige often afforded to standard dialects over non-standard varieties.
This document discusses the field of lexicography, which involves both the theoretical and practical aspects of dictionary making. It defines lexicography and outlines its history, providing examples of early dictionaries. It also describes the types of lexicography as either practical (involving compilation and editing) or theoretical (analyzing semantic relations and developing dictionary structure theories). Finally, it discusses the various stages involved in practical lexicography, such as acquiring lexicon entries, structuring information, writing entries, and updating/archiving entries.
The document discusses different approaches to discourse analysis including sociology, sociolinguistics, philosophy, linguistics, and artificial intelligence. It also discusses speech act theory, pragmatics, Grice's cooperative principle and conversational maxims, Hymes' speaking grid for analyzing communicative events, and natural vs. non-natural meaning.
The document discusses discourse analysis and related linguistic concepts. It defines discourse as language above the sentence level, including stretches of spoken language that are coherent and meaningful. It describes two approaches to analyzing discourse: structural, which looks at grammatical relationships between units, and functional, which examines how language performs different social functions. Recent approaches view discourse as a social practice shaped by and having implications for social structures. The document also discusses speech act theory, which proposes that utterances in dialogue perform actions, such as asking a question or making a promise.
Stylistics is the scientific study of language and literature and its branches. It links linguistic study to literary criticism. There are several branches of stylistics including computational stylistics, lexical stylistics, comparative stylistics, phonostylistics, grammatical stylistics, the function of stylistics, stylistic syntax, and individual style study. Stylistics helps to better understand language and its use in different contexts through the analysis of linguistic and textual elements.
This document discusses the topic of sociolinguistics. It defines sociolinguistics as the study of language use in society and how language interacts with and helps shape social structures. The document outlines three subcategories of sociolinguistic study: micro-sociolinguistics, macro-sociolinguistics, and three areas of sociolinguistic research - language variation, language contact, and linguistic relativity. It provides examples of research within these areas and discusses implications for language teaching.
Systemic Functional Linguistics: An approach to analyzing written academic di...ClmentNdoricimpa
Written academic discourse refers to the way of thinking and using language that exist in the academy. Writers demonstrate knowledge and negotiate social relations with readers by means of written discourse. In order to understand these characteristics of written discourse, different approaches are followed. Some follow a linguistic approach to uncover the linguistic devices associated with coherence in a written text. Other follow a social approach to analyze the social cultural context in which a written text occurs. However, it is demonstrated that the linguistic and the social cultural elements in a written text cannot be disassociated and that an approach, which combine the two approaches is required. Such an approach is Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). Therefore, this paper discusses the way in which SFL is used as an approach to analyzing linguistic features of academic discourses and how those features relate to social cultural context. In this paper, it is shown that SFL provides the means to analyze not only the linguistic resources employed in a written text but also the context in which the text is used. These linguistic resources are associated with the creation of ideational, interpersonal and textual meaning at the level of lexicogrammar and discourse semantic. The context is modelled through register and genre theory.
This document discusses key concepts in conversation analysis. It defines interaction and conversation, and explains the basic structure of turn-taking in conversation. It also describes important conversational elements like pauses, overlaps, backchannels, conversational style, adjacency pairs, and preference structure. Adjacency pairs refer to expected question-answer sequences in conversations, while preference structure indicates that acceptance is a more preferred response than refusal.
This document provides an overview of critical discourse analysis (CDA). It discusses key principles of CDA, including how social and political issues are constructed through language use and how power relations are negotiated in discourse. The document also outlines how CDA explores the connections between language and social context, and how it examines issues like gender, ethnicity and ideology. Several methods of CDA are introduced, such as analyzing framing techniques, multimodality, and identity construction in texts. Criticisms of CDA are noted, as well as suggestions for expanding its analytical tools and approaches.
Semantics is the study of meanings of words, phrases and sentences. It involves analyzing conceptual meanings, which are the basic components of a word's meaning, and associative meanings, which are connotations attached to a word. Semantics also examines how words fulfill roles like agent, theme, and experiencer within sentences, and lexical relations between words such as synonyms, antonyms, and polysemy.
This document discusses the history and relationships between sociolinguistics and other related disciplines. It outlines that sociolinguistics emerged from the work of scholars like William Labov, Basil Bernstein, Dell Hymes, John Gumperz, Charles Ferguson, and Joshua Fishman in the 1960s-1970s. It also describes how sociolinguistics is linked to linguistics, sociology, pragmatics, and anthropology by examining the social influences on language use.
Lecture 1st-Introduction to Discourse Analysis._023928.pptxGoogle
Introduction to discourse analysis
What is discourse?
What is discourse Analysis?
Paradigms in linguistics
Cohesion and Coherense
Types of written discourse
Types of spoken discourse
Text and discourse
Scope of discourse analysis
This document discusses Transformational Generative Grammar as proposed by Noam Chomsky. It defines a sentence as being "well formed" if native speakers accept it as grammatically correct. A language consists of a set of well formed sentences. Transformational grammar uses defined "transformations" like insertion, deletion, movement, and substitution to generate new sentences from existing ones. It has both a "transformational" aspect, allowing sentences to be changed while keeping or changing meaning, and a "generative" aspect, allowing an infinite number of sentences to be produced from a finite set of rules. Sentences have both a "deep structure" abstract meaning and "surface structure" spoken form, related by transformations. The model uses phrase structure and transformational
This document discusses theories of politeness from a socio-pragmatic perspective. It outlines Brown and Levinson's influential theory of politeness from 1978, which proposes that politeness arises from people's desire to protect each other's "face" or public self-image. Brown and Levinson identify two types of face - positive face, which is the desire to be approved of, and negative face, which is the desire to not be imposed on. They suggest politeness strategies like indirect speech acts that mitigate potential threats to another's face. The document also reviews other approaches to politeness including social norm, conversational contact, and maxims approaches.
Aspects of Critical discourse analysis by Ruth WodakHusnat Ahmed
This document provides an overview of critical discourse analysis (CDA). It discusses key terms like discourse, ideology, and power. It outlines the historical development of CDA from the 1970s onward. The document also examines the main research agenda of CDA, including its aims to investigate social inequality and power relations as expressed through language. Open questions are noted about operationalizing theories and the need for more explicit linguistic theories.
Discourse studies are the interdisciplinary study of language in use beyond the sentence level, including both spoken and written texts. The scope of discourse studies encompasses linguistic and non-linguistic contexts, examining language from intra-textual and social perspectives. Discourse studies are important for language teaching as they expose learners to real-world language patterns and help develop socio-cultural competence to avoid misunderstandings.
Discourse analysis is the study of language use beyond the sentence level. It examines how stretches of language take on meaning and coherence for communication. There are structural and functional definitions of discourse. Structurally, discourse is a linguistic unit above the sentence, while functionally it is a particular use of language. Historically, discourse analysis originated in classical rhetoric and linguistics over 2000 years ago, but emerged as a modern discipline in the 1960s-1970s across various fields including linguistics, sociolinguistics, psychology, and anthropology. It draws from theories such as speech act theory, sociolinguistics, and the study of language variation.
In the mid-1960s, several new interdisciplinary fields emerged related to the study of discourse, including semiotics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, and pragmatics. These fields studied language use beyond isolated sentences and focused on properties of natural language use. They examined discourse from the perspectives of anthropology, linguistics, formal grammar, pragmatics, semiotics, conversation analysis, and sociolinguistics. Despite different backgrounds, these new fields shared a common interest in studying real language use rather than abstract language.
This document discusses key concepts in discourse analysis including:
1) The difference between discourse and text, with discourse referring to language use in context and text being any written or spoken communication.
2) How coherence is created in texts through cohesive devices like reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction, and lexical cohesion.
3) The relationship between words and meanings in semantics and how pragmatics studies language use in social contexts.
This document provides an overview of discourse analysis including definitions, approaches, and how it relates to other fields. It defines discourse analysis as the study of language use beyond the sentence level, including how language functions in social and cultural contexts. Three main approaches are discussed: speech act theory which examines communicative acts, ethnography of communication which analyzes patterns of communication in cultures, and pragmatics which studies how context informs meaning. The document also explains how discourse analysis relates to other fields like sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and pragmatics through their shared interests but different data sources.
The document discusses key concepts in interactional sociolinguistics including politeness, contextualization cues, framing, conversational inference, and code-switching. It also examines their contributions to understanding intercultural communication and preventing miscommunication across cultures. Theories from linguistics, anthropology and pragmatics are explored in relation to interactional sociolinguistics and how sociocultural knowledge shapes language use and interpretation in conversations.
Semantics is the study of meaning in language. It deals with the literal meanings of words and sentences and the relationship between linguistic forms and what they refer to in the world. Pragmatics is concerned with how language is used in context between speakers. It examines how more is communicated than what is literally said. Theories of semantics and pragmatics have included meaning as naming, concepts, behavior, and truth conditions. Pragmatics also examines speech acts, relevance theory, cooperation principles, and argumentation. Both fields are important for understanding how meaning is constructed and communicated through language.
Discourse Analysis Weeks 1,2,3 and 4.pdfAmadStrongman
This document provides an introduction to the course "Introduction to Discourse Analysis" taught by Abdelmalek El Kadoussi. It discusses key topics that will be covered in the course including defining discourse and discourse analysis, examining language use in context, relationships between discourse and knowledge/society/genres/conversation, and approaches like critical discourse analysis. The course outline lists the weekly topics to be covered over 12 weeks. It emphasizes that discourse analysis considers how language varies based on factors like subject area, social context, culture, and participant identities.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
Discourse analysis of power in colonial texts in indonesiaAlexander Decker
This study aims to analyze the power dynamics in colonial texts from the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) through a discourse analysis of the language used. The researcher identifies "nodal points" or privileged words around which other meaning is constructed, such as the word "power". Questions are used to identify additional discourse markers that take meaning from their relationship to the nodal point. The results show language units like adjectives, adverbs and verbs that directly or indirectly imply negative meanings about colonized people. Interpretation of word choice in sentences also produces categories of interpretive meaning relating to power dynamics. The analysis focuses on how language was used to establish and maintain colonial power relations.
The document discusses several approaches to studying discourse, including conversation analysis, variationist analysis, speech act theory, ethnography of communication, interactional sociolinguistics, and pragmatics. Conversation analysis focuses on the sequencing of utterances in conversation. Variationist analysis examines structural categories within spoken texts. Speech act theory analyzes the communicative acts performed through language. Ethnography of communication considers how communication reflects different cultures. Interactional sociolinguistics studies the social and linguistic meanings created during interaction. Pragmatics analyzes what speakers mean through their utterances.
Discourse analysis examines language use beyond the sentence level and how language is used in social contexts, while text analysis focuses on formal linguistic cohesive devices within written texts. Some researchers use the terms interchangeably, but most agree the distinction is unclear. Discourse analysis is broader in investigating language in use with consideration of context, while text analysis concentrates on linguistic features linking sentences. The field would benefit from abandoning the term "text" in favor of discourse analysis to avoid confusion.
What is Sociolinguistics? Explain Its Scope and Origin. BS. English (4th Seme...AleeenaFarooq
Sociolinguistics is the study of how language and society interact and influence each other. It examines how factors like ethnicity, religion, gender, age, and education impact language variations between groups. Sociolinguistics originated in the late 1960s from fields like dialectology, historical linguistics, and language contact, incorporating influences from sociology and psychology. Key figures like Labov, Hymes, and Cameron contributed to establishing sociolinguistics as an independent subject concerned with both the social and structural aspects of language use. Sociolinguistics can be divided into micro- and macro-levels, with micro focusing on individual language variations and macro analyzing language patterns at the societal level.
This document provides an introduction and overview of discourse analysis (DA). It defines key terms like discourse and discusses different approaches to DA. DA analyzes patterns of language use across texts and how they relate to social and cultural contexts. It focuses on both spoken and written language. The document also discusses discourse and society, including how identities are performed through language. Ideologies are maintained partially through language use and different discourse communities use language in distinct ways.
The analysis of speech events and hymes speaking factors in the comedy televi...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study that analyzed speech events in the first episode of the TV comedy series "FRIENDS" using Hymes' SPEAKING model. The study found that the most common speech event was characters confiding secrets or problems to friends and seeking help or sympathy. Hymes' SPEAKING factors like setting, participants, ends, act sequences were observed in each speech event. The document provides background on ethnography of communication and Hymes' framework for analyzing speech situations, events, and acts. It aims to understand cultural norms through analyzing language use in media like TV shows.
11.the analysis of speech events and hymes speaking factors in the comedy tel...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study that analyzed speech events in the first episode of the sitcom "FRIENDS" using Hymes' SPEAKING model of communication factors. The study found that confiding secrets with friends was the most common speech event. It also examined how Hymes' factors of setting, participants, ends, act sequences, key, instrumentalities, and genre influenced each speech event. The document provides background on ethnography of communication and reviews literature on speech situations, events, and acts. It describes Hymes' SPEAKING model in detail as a framework for analyzing speech.
The ethnography of communication studies patterns of language use within specific speech communities. It examines both the communicative situations that frame interaction and the events and acts that make up conversations. Developed by Dell Hymes, it takes an anthropological approach to understand the implicit rules that govern appropriate and effective communication among members of a social group. The goal is to describe the communicative competence that allows people to successfully understand and participate in the unique speech practices of their community.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of discourse analysis. It discusses how discourse analysis grew out of various disciplines in the 1960s-1970s and examines language in use, both written and spoken. Major figures and approaches discussed include Zellig Harris, Dell Hymes and sociological perspectives, J.L. Austin and linguistic philosophy, M.A.K. Halliday's functional approach, and conversation analysis traditions in both Britain and America. The document traces how structural, pragmatic, and ethnomethodological influences shaped different traditions of discourse analysis over time.
This document discusses various approaches to discourse analysis, including:
1) Speech act theory which views language as performing actions and analyzes utterances based on illocutionary force.
2) Interactional sociolinguistics which examines how context influences production and interpretation of discourse through cues like intonation.
3) Ethnography of communication which analyzes speech events within their social and cultural contexts using Hymes' SPEAKING framework.
4) Conversation analysis which identifies turn-taking and adjacency pairs as fundamental units and examines how conversation is achieved interactively.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
1. Discourse Analysis
K.S. Shahanaaz Kowsar,
Research Associate
School of Social Sciences and
Languages
Department of English
VIT University
2. DiscourseAnalysis
Origin of the Word
“Discourse”
Field of Discourse
Analysis
Definition
Review of Literature
Inter-Disciplinary Approach
to DAIntroduction
References
3. Origin of the Word “Discourse”
Portmanteau Word
Late Middle English (denoting the process of reasoning): from Old French discours, from
Latin discursus ‘running to and fro’ (in medieval Latin ‘argument’), from the verb discurrere, from dis- ‘away’
+ currere ‘to run’; the verb influenced by French discourir.
4. Introduction:
• Discourse Analysis observes the colloquial, cultural and
human use of language.
• “Discourse Studies”
• The origin of Discourse Analysis started from 1970.
• The Study of Language, Public Speech, Literature and
Classical Rhetoric
• Language in social context, in particular with interaction or
dialogue between speakers.
5. Definition
“Concerns itself with the use of language in a running
discourse, continued over a sequence of sentences, and
involving the interaction of speaker (or writer) and
auditor (or reader) in a specific situational context, and
within a framework of social and cultural conventions.”
- M.H. Abrams & G. Harpham (66)
6. Review of Literature:
• Message as central to the communication process. Message have
three structural properties:
i) Relatively independent signs and symbols
ii) Language as a formal code
iii) Relatively interconnected discourse structures
- Jower Powers
7. • DiscourseAnalysis is stated as,
i) Concerned with language use beyond the boundaries of a
sentence/utterance.
ii) Concerned with the inter-relationships between language and
society.
iii) As concerned with the interactive or dialogic properties of
everyday communication.
- M.Stubbs’(1983:1)
8. Field of DiscourseAnalysis:
Three Types of Problem:
i) Problem Of Meaning
ii) Problem Of Action
iii) The Problem of Coherence
- Scott Jacobs
9. Inter-DisciplinaryApproach to DA:
Inter-Disciplines Proponents of the Discipline Approach to Language
Anthropology Dell Hymes (1972) Ethnographic study of
communicative events.
Linguistics Janas Petofi, Wolfgang Dresler,
Teon A. Van Dijt, Joseph Grimes,
Tom Givon, Sandra Tompson, Bill
Mann, Micheal Halliday.
Analysis of structures beyond the
sentence and the whole text for
instance to account for Anapora or
Coherence.
Formal Grammar (1970) Hans Kamp (1981) Discourse
Representation Theory, Richard
Montague
It states that discourse semantic is
dynamic and depends on context.
Pragmatic Austin (1962), John Searle (1969) Accounts for the function of
language in terms of speech acts,
implicatures and other aspects of
contextually based language use.
Semiotics Bill Labov (1972), Susan Ervin Tripp
(1972)
More insight into details of their
relation to the social context.
10.
11. Reference :
Abrams, M. H., & Harpham, G. (2011). A glossary of literary terms.
Cengage Learning.
Blommaert, J. (2005). Discourse: A critical introduction. Cambridge
University Press.
Littlejohn, S. W., & Foss, K. A. (2010). Theories of human
communication. Waveland press.
Van Dijk, T. A. (2007). The study of discourse: An
introduction. Discourse studies, 5.
Web Source:
http://www.discourses.org/OldArticles/The%20study%20of%20discou
rse.pdf