The document summarizes upcoming changes to building regulations in the UK, focusing on the transition to zero carbon homes by 2016. It outlines the timeline and key policy changes, including the introduction of fabric energy efficiency standards and allowable solutions to meet carbon compliance targets. Challenges around achieving low energy performance in practice and closing the performance gap between design and as-built performance are also discussed. Passivhaus principles are presented as a robust methodology to meet stringent energy efficiency standards through high quality construction and attention to thermal bridging and airtightness details.
3. The Government has confirmed that from
2016 all new homes coming through the
planning system must be built to a
zero carbon standard
and from 2019 all new non- domestic
buildings must follow suit
5. Policy Timeline
What is next?
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Part L
2013 regs 2013 regs 2016 regs 2016 regs
consultation into effect consultation into effect
• 2013 regulations are a step on the way to Zero
Carbon
full zero carbon compliance by 2016 homes
Allowable Solutions
AS scheme
consultation Preparation, pilots, early adopters
AS Pilots lessons learned
7. TODAY’S DEFINITION OF ZERO CARBON
25% reduction
33% reduction
CO2 emissions
Code from regulated
Level 44-60% reduction energy use
3 on site*
but achieving
Zero
100% reduction
Carbon
(with Allowable
Solutions) CO2 emissions
from unregulated
energy use
Pre 2010 2010 2013 2016
CO2 emissions CO2 emissions CO2 emissions Zero CO2 * This is the carbon compliance figure
from regulated from regulated from regulated emissions from for a home. Approximate values: 44%
energy use - energy use - energy use regulated energy apartments, 56% attached homes and
home built to home built to 2013 Part L1A use 60% detached homes.
2006 Part L1A 2010 Part L1A (current
consultation)
8. ZERO CARBON HOMES – WHAT ARE THEY?
Current policy defines a zero carbon home as:
A home that over the course of a year does
not result in any net emissions of CO2 from
the regulated use of energy
Regulated use of energy includes:
Space heating Space cooling Hot water
Fixed lighting Ventilation/ Associated
MVHR Pumps/ fans
9. WHAT IT IS NOT...
The Government’s definition of a zero
carbon home does not include the
following:
Greenhouse gases released:
1 during manufacture of materials and
components
2 during transport of building products or
waste
3 during construction, demolition and
disposal
4 from ‘plug-in’ household appliances use
10. To achieve zero carbon certain Allowable Solutions
will be required to produceZERO CARBON
renewable energy, DEFINITION
11. Two options
Local Planning Authority to develop policy using Third party provider
Or Community Energy Fund. List of solutions and £ per tonne for carbon
abatement
Private Energy Fund
Verification and Certification Scheme (ASVCS) to show investment will achieve
carbon reduction 3 2016 ALLOWABLE SOLUTIONS
STEP
Allowable Solutions Fund Holding to provide secure ”bank”
Developer Developer receives a
makes an Certificate showing
Allowable A workable, that the required
Solutions verifiable carbon savings (to
payment for process meet zero carbon
a particular standard) have been
development achieved
12. Cost of Zero Carbon CARBON HOMES
COST OF ZERO Home
Carbon Compliance
Current proposals Allowable Solutions
2011 £?
Revised proposal
2008/9 £20k per home
Original definition £40k per home
kg CO2 25 -20
20 14 10 6 0
m2 /year
2006 2010 2013 2016 True Zero
Part L Part L Part L Part L Carbon
Reduction on ~150-200%
25% 33% 70% 100%
2006 Part L
Code 3 Code 4 ‘Code 4½’ Code 5 Code 6
13. Priorities
Meet commitments of Climate Change Act
80% of 1990 levels by 2050
Make carbon reduction affordable
Encourage and re-vitalise building industry
Ensure compliance
Develop resilient building industry
14. 2013 Likely Proposals Domestic
New SAP calculation method ( now released)
Introduction of Fabric Energy Efficiency Standards
FEES combined with
Carbon Compliance Standards
Consequential improvements ( approx 10% of cost)
for Homes triggered by notifiable building work
Improved standards for new thermal elements
in existing buildings
Owner operation manual
15. Non Domestic
New SBEM calculation
Non domestic. Differentiated standards to remain but either
11% through fabric and service improvements
or
20% improvement as above with PV array of
1.6% of floor area
16. SAP
New SAPc programme now available
Proposed that design stage and completion stage SAP calculations
Submitted to Building Control.
Key feature U values to be scrutinised if below given values
18. STEP 1 2016 FEES
Fabric Energy Efficiency of 39 kWh/m2/year for apartments & mid terrace
46 kWh/m2/year for end terrace, semi and detached
Performance not prescriptive No U-value lists/limits on elements. Uses kWh/m2/yr.
For simplicity - space heating and cooling only.
Two levels depending on dwelling type
However same construction delivers 39 or 46, except in the case of the detached
19. FEES - CONSULTATION
NB Note general improvements ON PART L 2013
Current consultation invites comments on level of
engagement with FEES in 2013 Part L
Example 1 Example 1
Interim FEES Full FEES
External wall U-value (W/m2K) 0.18 0.15
Ground floor U-value (W/m2K) 0.15 0.13
Roof U-value (W/m2K) 0.11 0.13
Windows U-value (W/m2K) 1.4 1.2
Double glazed Double glazed
Doors U-value (W/m2K) 1.2 1.0
Air permeability (m3/hr/m2 at 50Pa) 5.1 5.2
Thermal bridging (calculated)(W/m2K) 0.058 0.04
Fabric Performance (kWh/m2/year) 51.99 45.97
20. FABRIC thermal bridging and triple glazing STANDARD
NB Effect of ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Worked examples for a 4-bed simple-plan
detached home. Target 46 kWh/m2/year
Example 1 Example 2
External wall U-value (W/m2K) 0.15 0.20
Ground floor U-value (W/m2K) 0.13 0.18
Roof U-value (W/m2K) 0.13 0.16
Windows U-value (W/m2K) 1.2 0.8
Double glazed Triple glazed
Doors U-value (W/m2K) 1.0 1.0
Air permeability (m3/hr/m2 at 50Pa) 5.2 5.1
Thermal bridging (calculated)(W/m2K) 0.04 0.025
Fabric Performance (kWh/m2/year) 45.97 45.95
24. STEP 2 2016 CARBON COMPLIANCE
Target Carbon Compliance of 10 kg CO2/m2/year for detached homes
11 kg CO2/m2/year for attached homes
14 kg CO2/m2/year for apartments
Approach provides solutions for a range of practical situations:
.
On gas grid On gas grid Off gas grid Community Heat
‘PV’ ‘Fabric’ Heat Pump Network
25. CARBON COMPLIANCE – ON GAS GRID
2016 HOMES, MEETING THE 11 kg CO2/m2/year LIMIT
END TERRACE
HOMES
Fabric: 2016 Fabric Energy Fabric: ‘Passivhaus’
Efficiency Standard (FEES)
Heat technology: Gas boiler +
Heat technology: Gas boiler 4m2 Solar Thermal
Zero carbon electricity:
Zero carbon electricity:
1.6 kWp Photovoltaics (12 m2) None required
26. CARBON COMPLIANCE – OTHER SCENARIOS
2016 HOMES MEETING THE 11 kg CO2/m2/year LIMIT
END TERRACE
HOMES
Fabric: 2016 Fabric Energy Fabric: Advanced Fabric Energy
Efficiency Standard (FEES) Efficiency Standard (FEES +)
Heat technology: Heat technology:
Air Source Heat Pump
Gas CHP
Zero carbon electricity:
Zero carbon electricity:
1.9 kWp Photovoltaics (13 m2)
None required
31. October 2012
Consequential improvements for domestic
extensions / notifiable works come into
force?
Domestic Triggers extensions/increase in habitable
space/Boiler replacement/replacement of windows.
Non Domestic Triggers extensions/increase in habitable
space/Fixed building services/controlled fittings
a) An assessment provided by an accredited Green Deal
Assessor; or
b) A recommendations report associated with a valid Energy
Performance Certificate; or
c) SAP Appendix TFN.
32. Domestic. Capped at 10% of principal works
To include SAP measures
a. Loft insulation
b. Cavity wall insulation
c. Hot water cylinder insulation
d. Draughtproofing.
Non Domestic
SBEM Measures eligible for Green
Deal
Approved Document List ADL2B
Controlled Services and Fittings
Wide variation so challenging…
case studies focussed on services
36. Issues
Achieving Cost effective energy efficiency measures
Gap between design standards and built
performance
Lack of sufficient performance data
Existing stock
Fuel Factor ideally removed for Zero Carbon standard
Robust Calculation methodology
37. Performance gap
• Energy use/emissions 60-120% worse
than predictions
• Why?
• Lack of Knowledge
• • Willful or inadvertent deviation
• Build quality
• SAP shortcomings
• Occupancy behaviour
38. Actual extent of gap unknown due to lack of extensive performance
data
Future Proposals
Recognition of a ‘disconnect’ between compliance and tested
performance
Encouragement to understand and start to close the performance gap
3% confidence factor to be applied to the DER calculated in SAP2012
Process improvement techniques and testing procedures
39. HMG intend to provide
• Regulation specific training programmes:
Testing and evaluation skills development
programmes
• Wider education and training programmes
• R+D how buildings actually perform
• PAS Publicly Available Specification
• Robust National Calculation Methodology
• Quality Assurance process
40. Implications for Construction
industry
Improved detailing
Improved performance modelling
Higher standards of construction
Quality assurance schemes
47. Things to do
• Analyse thermal performance very early
in design process
• Design buildings as integrated low energy
systems
• Learn from Passivhaus for fabric design
and construction
• Improve infiltration rates
• Upgrade existing buildings carefully
