DNA PPT
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The document discusses several genetics concepts: - Tobacco mosaic virus has RNA rather than DNA as its genetic material. A hybrid virus could result from mixing its RNA with proteins from a related DNA virus. - In DNA, cytosine makes up 38% of nucleotides in a sample. This means thymine would make up 31% of nucleotides. - DNA replication is described as being either conservative, semiconservative, or dispersive based on experimental results using nitrogen isotopes. - The genetic code and how mRNA is translated to produce proteins is also covered.
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The genetic code is initially transferred from DNA to RNA, in the process of transcription.
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a single copy of a DNA segment across orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies. It involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling of the DNA sample to separate and copy the DNA strands. Two primers are used to target the specific segment that will be amplified. During each cycle, the DNA polymerase enzyme adds nucleotides to the primers, duplicating the targeted DNA segment. As the cycles repeat, the copy number increases exponentially. PCR is widely used in clinical diagnostics and research for applications such as disease diagnosis, genetic testing, and forensic analysis.
L-1_Nucleic acid.pptx
Bioinformatics is the interdisciplinary study of biology and computer science. It involves developing tools to analyze large amounts of biological data, such as genetic sequences. There are two main building blocks studied in bioinformatics: nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, and proteins. DNA stores genetic information that is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins according to the genetic code. Technological advances have led to an explosion of biological data that requires bioinformatics approaches to analyze and interpret.
Gate life sciences 2010
The document discusses various biology concepts. It provides answers to 22 multiple choice questions related to topics like nucleolus function, T cell receptor engagement, amino acid roles in protein glycosylation, neurotransmitters, translation product molecular weight, protein separation techniques, membrane protein structure, epigenetics, plant hormones, genetic variation, primary production, electron microscope resolution, gene mapping, enzyme function, Mendel's experiments, speciation modes, niche competition, and vaccine success factors.
2.7 replication, transcription, translation
1. DNA replication is semi-conservative. Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix, DNA polymerase links nucleotides to form new strands using the existing strands as templates.
2. Transcription creates mRNA from DNA templates using RNA polymerase.
3. Translation uses the genetic code to synthesize polypeptides from mRNA. tRNAs with anticodons complementary to mRNA codons carry amino acids which are linked by the ribosome.
Ch 24 & 25 notes
The document describes the chemical makeup and structure of DNA and RNA. It also explains the processes of DNA replication, transcription, translation, and protein synthesis. DNA is made up of nucleotides containing deoxyribose, phosphate and one of four nitrogenous bases (A, T, C, G). RNA also contains nucleotides but with ribose instead of deoxyribose and uracil replacing thymine. DNA replication involves unwinding the DNA double helix, complementary base pairing between nucleotides, and joining of the new DNA strands. Transcription and translation are required to produce proteins. Transcription copies DNA into mRNA which is then read by ribosomes during translation, where tRNA brings amino acids to be joined into polypeptides based
Dna replication copy
DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA before cell division. It involves unwinding the DNA double helix and using each strand as a template to create a new partner strand through complementary base pairing. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the new strands to replicate the DNA. This ensures each daughter cell has an exact copy of the original DNA.
Dna replication
DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA before cell division. It involves unwinding the DNA double helix and using each strand as a template to create a new partner strand. DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to each new strand. When complete, the process generates two identical DNA double helices from the original. Before a cell divides, it must replicate its DNA so that the resulting daughter cells have the same genetic information as the parent cell.
Introduction to DNA
1. DNA contains the genetic instructions that determine traits and control cell functions by serving as a template for protein structure.
2. DNA is made up of nucleotides that pair together in a double helix structure, with adenine pairing with thymine and cytosine pairing with guanine.
3. DNA must be replicated before cell division so that each new cell contains the exact genetic information of the original cell. The double helix unwinds and each strand acts as a template for a new complementary strand.
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DNA PPT
- 1. Chapter 16 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance 0
- 11. Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein 0
Editor's Notes
- Answer : a Source : Barstow - Test Bank for Biology , Seventh Edition, Question #4
- Answer : a Source : Barstow - Test Bank for Biology , Seventh Edition, Question #16
- Answer : c Source : Barstow - Test Bank for Biology , Seventh Edition, Question #21
- Answer : b Source : Barstow - Test Bank for Biology , Seventh Edition, Question #24
- Answer : b Source : Campbell/Reece - Biology , Seventh Edition, EOC Self-Quiz Question #5
- Answer : e Source : Campbell/Reece - Biology , Seventh Edition, EOC Process of Science Question Discussion Notes for the Instructor There are several questions which can be asked to guide the discussion of this question, including: Which isotope will the new nucleotides contain? As DNA is being replicated the new backbone (strand) will contain which isotope? How many templates are formed from one molecule of DNA? Using these questions as an outline. discussion of the choices might look like this: Choice A, since the original 14 N labeled backbones will act as templates with new 15 N nucleotides there should an intermediate band. Choice B, the intermediate band should have a mass exactly half way between the 14 N and 15 N marks Choice C, since there are no new 14 N labeled nucleotides there can be no bands that are just 14 N Choice D, since there are no new 14 N labeled nucleotides there can be no bands that are just 14 N Choice E, correct
- Answer : c Source : Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology , Seventh Edition, Test Your Knowledge Question #20
- Answer : c Source : Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology , Seventh Edition, Test Your Knowledge Question #20
- Answer : a Source : Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology , Seventh Edition, Test Your Knowledge Question #21
- Answer : a Source : Barstow - Test Bank for Biology , Seventh Edition, Question #3
- Answer : b Source : Barstow - Test Bank for Biology , Seventh Edition, Question #9
- Answer : d Source : Barstow - Test Bank for Biology , Seventh Edition, Question #20
- Answer : d Source : Barstow - Test Bank for Biology , Seventh Edition, Question #39
- Answer : b Source : Barstow - Test Bank for Biology , Seventh Edition, Question #42
- Answer : d Source : Barstow - Test Bank for Biology , Seventh Edition, Question #44
- Answer : d Source : Barstow - Test Bank for Biology , Seventh Edition, Question #68
- Answer : c Source : Barstow - Test Bank for Biology , Seventh Edition, Question #69
- Answer : b Source : Barstow - Test Bank for Biology , Seventh Edition, Question #75
- Answer : a Source : Campbell/Reece - Biology , Seventh Edition, EOC Process of Science Question Discussion Notes for the Instructor There are several questions which can be asked to guide the discussion of this question, including: What are the differences between the way the genetic information in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is packaged? How do transcription and translation differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Using these questions as an outline, discussion of the choices might look like this: Choice A, correct Choice B, eukaryotes contain introns that are normally removed after transcription. In bacteria these introns would not be removed and then subsequently would be translated Choice C, the protein would not be expected to be longer if the mRNA is shorter Choice D, while it is possible for the protein to be shorter, owing to a termination sequence being found in what was an intron, this is unlikely.
- Answer : c Source : Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology , Seventh Edition, Test Your Knowledge Question #5