This presentation discusses transdermal delivery of biotech products using iontophoresis and phonophoresis. It begins with defining biotechnology and biotech products. It then discusses various routes of administration and focuses on transdermal delivery. Transdermal delivery systems are categorized into first, second and third generations based on the enhancement techniques used. Iontophoresis and phonophoresis are then explained as techniques to enhance transdermal delivery of biotech products like peptides through the application of electric current or ultrasound, respectively. Combination strategies are also mentioned to provide synergistic effects for enhanced delivery.

1. WELCOME

2. Presentation On
Route of administration of biotech
product: Transdermal route considering
Iontophoresis and Phonophoresis.

3. Presented By
Group Members Registration No.
Mymona Akther Monni 13203007
Tanvir Ahmed 13203018
Abu Sayed Md. Kamrul Hasan 13203027
Kh M Nuruzzaman 13203038
Md Hasan Mahmud 13103097

4. Contents
Biotechnology
Biotech Product
Methods to produce biotech products
Routes of administration of biotech products
Transdermal drug delivery
 Generations of transdermal delivery system
Iontophoresis mediated transdermal delivery of biotech
product
Phonophoresis mediated transdermal delivery of proteins
Combination strategies
Conclusions

5. Biotechnology
The development and utilization of
biological process, forms and systems
For obtaining maximum benefits to man
and other forms of life.
Example: Recombinant DNA, Stem cell
therapy, Cloning.

6. Biotech Products
Biotech is the term used for
biotechnology or products produced
by biotechnology.
 It is made by using biotechnical
methods
 To modify the genetic material
of living cells
 To produce new substances or
perform new functions.

7. Methods to produce biotech products
 Recombinant DNA technology
• Example: Insulin
 Fermentation
• Example: Cheese production
 Tissue or cell culture technology
• Example: Organ Culture, Whole embryo culture.
 Genetic engineering
• Example: Production of Somatostatin, Hepatitis-B
vaccine

8. Routes of administration of biotech
products
 Oral route
 Parenteral route
 Nasal route
 Trans-mucosal route
 Transdermal

9. Transdermal drug delivery
Transdermal drug delivery systems are dosage forms designed
to deliver a therapeutically effective amount of drug across a
patient’s skin also defined as medicated adhesive patch that is
placed on the skin to deliver a specific dose of medication
through the skin and into the blood stream.
 An alternative to oral delivery and hypodermic
injections.
• Example: Testosterone patch

10. Generations of transdermal delivery
system
 First-generation transdermal delivery systems
 Second-generation transdermal delivery systems
 Third-generation transdermal delivery systems

11. First-generation transdermal
delivery systems
First-generation delivery candidates must be low-molecular
weight, lipophilic and efficacious at low doses.
should be more attractive than oral delivery due to low oral
bioavailability.
Example: Testosterone gels have been in use for several years and a
transdermal spray has been recently approved for estradiol delivery

12. Second-generation transdermal
delivery systems
The second generation of transdermal delivery systems recognizes that
skin permeability enhancement is needed to expand the scope of
transdermal drugs. The ideal enhancer should
Increase skin permeability by reversibly disrupting stratum
corneum structure
Avoid injury to deeper, living tissues.

13. Third-generation transdermal
delivery systems
 Novel chemical enhancers, electroporation, cavitational
ultrasound are used.
 More recently micro needles, thermal ablation and
microdermabrasion have been shown to deliver macromolecules,
including therapeutic proteins and vaccines, across the skin in
human clinical trials.

14. Iontophoresis mediated transdermal
delivery of biotech product
 Iontophoresis is a technique of introducing ionic medicinal
compounds into the body through the skin by applying a local
electric current.
 Charged drugs are moved via electrophoresis
 weakly charged and uncharged compounds can be moved by
electroosmotic flow of water
 It is mostly applicable to small molecules that carry a charge.

15. Principles of Iontophoresis
 The rate of drug delivery scales with the electrical current, which
can be readily controlled by a microprocessor.
 In this way, drug delivery can be turned on and off and even
modulated over time to enable complex delivery profiles.
Figure: Schematic diagram of the principles of Iontophoresis.

16. Advantages over other delivery
system
Fast skin recovery than parenteral route.
Less risk of systemic absorption than injection.
Less anxiety provoking or painful than injection
Increases therapeutic efficacy by bypassing hepatic “first
pass” metabolism.

17. Phonophoresis mediated transdermal
delivery of proteins
Phonophoresis is the use of ultrasound to enhance the delivery
of topically applied drugs.
It has been used in an effort to enhance the absorption of
topically applied biotech products through the therapeutic
application of ultrasound.

18. Principles of phonophoresis
 It involves the application of low-
frequency (20 kHz) ultrasound
waves
 It induces the air pockets present in
the stratum corneum layer to
oscillate, thereby creating cavities
 Then increase permeability of skin.
 This process is known as cavitation.

19. Applications
1. Hormone Delivery.
2. In surgery it helps in dissection, connection, built-up and treatment
of biological tissue.
3. Low-Frequency Ultrasonic Gene Delivery.
4. It is also very useful in drug enhancement in granulomas and
tumors.
5. Ultrasound Helps in Treating Tennis Elbow and Tendon Problem.

20. Combination strategies
Synergistic effect on drug delivery has been found in different
combinations such as iontophoresis and microneedles,
iontophoresis and chemical enhancers, iontophoresis and
electroporation, microneedles, and sonophoresis.
Pretreatment with chemical enhancers compromises the barrier
properties of the skin and further application of iontophoresis
enhances the movement of peptides into the skin.

21. Combination strategies Cont.
Poration of skin followed by application of iontoporesis is another
effective combination approach.
 For example: Daniplestim, a peptide was shown to have
higher delivery levels after the combination treatment as
compared with iontophoresis alone.

22. Conclusions
Transdermal route for delivering bio-tech product is actively being
pursued with several new emerging technologies that can now
enable delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules across the skin.
Some active enhancement products are currently available in the
market and more products are in clinical trials/developmental
stages.