This document discusses the application of biostatistics in a case study. It summarizes key statistical concepts used in the paper such as descriptive statistics like arithmetic mean and standard deviation to describe features of the data. Inferential statistics like the Spearman rank correlation, t-test are used to test hypotheses and draw inferences about population parameters from sample statistics. These statistical analyses help evaluate the objectives of preliminary data analysis which are to edit, describe and summarize key features of the data.

1. Applications of biostatistics
A case study.
By – Kirandeep Kaur
Botany hons. – iii year
Roll.no - 314

3. Secondary data
Data that has previously been collected (primary data) that is
utilized by a person other than the one who collected the data.

5. Biostatistics applied in the
paper-
• The objectives of preliminary data analysis are to
edit the data to prepare it for further analysis,
describe the key features of the data, and
summarize the results.

6. Arthimetic mean
• The most widely used measure of central
tendency, most commonly called an "average. "
• That is a single value that attempts to describe a set
of data by identifying central position within that set
of data.
• The mean of the population is denoted by the Greek
letter (lowercase mu) and is calculated as the sum
of all the Xi values divided by the size of the
population.(N)

7. Standard deviation
• is a measure that is used to quantify the amount of
variation or dispersion of a set of data values.

8. Spearman rank correlation
• measures the strength and direction of association
between two ranked variables.

9. t- test
• draw inferences about population parameters by
testing hypotheses about them using appropriate
sample statistics.
• to determine the difference between two sample
means from two normally distributed populations
with unknown variances.
• for expressing the confidence one can have in
estimating population parameters from sample
statistics.

15. Reference :-
• http://bioline.org.br/pdf?ja06059