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Jacinta Regnery
Table of Contents
 Preterite
 Demonstratives
 Ordinal Numbers
 Future
 Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns
 Imperfect
 Reflexives
One day- un día Once- una vez
Yesterday- ayer At night- a noche
A year ago- hace un año Already- ya
Last month- el mes pasando Day before yesterday- anteayer
For one hour- por una hora Finally- por fin
At eight- a las ocho On Feb. 12th- el doce de febrero-e -amos
-aste
-ó -aron
-í -imos
-iste
-ió -ieron
Andar Anduve-
Estar Estuve-
Poder Pud-
Poner Pus-
Saber Sup-
Tener Tuv-
venir Vin-
Conducir Conduj-
Producir Produj-
Traducir Traduj-
Traer Traj-
Decir Dij-
-car
yo
-qué
-gar
yo
-gué
-zar
yo
-cé
-e -imos
-iste -isteis
-0 -ieron
Take the “I” off in 3rd person
singular
Dormir
Dormí
Dormiste
Dormió
Dormimos
Duermiron
Leer
Leí
Leíste
Leyó
Leimos
Leyeron
StemChangers
YChangers
Dar (give) &
Ver (see)
Di Dimos
Vi Vimos
Diste
Viste
Dío Dieron
Vío Vieron
Ir (go) & Ser (be)
Fuí Fuimos
Fuiste
Fue Fueron
Hacer (do/make)
Hice Hicimos
Hiciste
Hizo Hicieron
Demonstratives
Singular Plural
Éste (this one) Éstos (these)
Ése (that one) Ésos (those)
Aquél (that one (over there)) Aquéllos (those (over there))
•A demonstrative adjective describes the
placement of a noun in relation to a person.
•Demonstrative pronouns are used in place of
both the pronoun and the adjective.
Only
demonstrative
pronouns have
accents Esto
Eso
Aquello
Neutered (unspecific gender)
Ordinal Numbers
Primeró(a)
Quinto(a)
Segundo(a) Cuarto(a)
Terceró(a)
Sexto(a)
Séptimo(a)
Octavo(a)
Noveno(a)
Décimo(a)
•They must agree with gender and
number
•They are placed before nouns
Primero and tercero drop
ó before a masculine
singular noun
Future
•You can use present tense when the
context makes it obvious that it is
future.
Singular Plural
-é -emos
-ás -éis
-á -án
or
Salir Saldr-
Tener Tendr-
Valer Vald-
Venir Vendr-
Poder Podr-
Querer Querr-
Saber Sabr-
Infinitive Future Stem
Decir Dir-
Hacer Har-
Poner Pondr-
Future of hay is habrá
Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns
Mío(a) Nuestro(a)
Tuyo(a) Vuestro(a)
Suyo(a) Suyo(a)
Míos(as) Nuestros(as)
Tuyos(as) Vuestros(as)
Suyos(as) Suyos(as)
Singular Plural
Mi(s) Nuestro(a/os/as)
Tu(s) Vuestro(a/os/as)
Su(s) Su(s)
To form a possessive
pronoun:
•Use the long form of the
possessive adjective
•Add el, la, los, las based
on the gender and
number of the noun.
Attach the pronoun to a
reflexive when using a
reflexive in the infinitive form
Imperfect
-ar -er -ir
-aba -ía -ía
-abas -ías -ías
-aba -ía -ía
-abamos -íamos -íamos
-abaís -íais -íais
-aban -ían -ían
Uses:
• What time it is
• Someone’s age
• To talk about something you used to do
• To talk about the background events in a
story
ser ir ver
Era Iba Veía
Eras Ibas Veías
Era Iba Veía
Éramos Ibamos Veíamos
Erais Ibais Veíais
Eran Iban Veían
Reflexives
• Reflexive verbs only accept a certain pronoun that is called the reflexive
pronoun.
• Usually the direct object is different than the subject, but with a
reflexive pronoun it is the same thing as the subject.
Me Nos
Te Os
Se Se
Me escondo Nos escondemos
Te escondes Os escondéis
Se Esconde Se esconden
Same
Same

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Grammar book 2.

  • 2. Table of Contents  Preterite  Demonstratives  Ordinal Numbers  Future  Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns  Imperfect  Reflexives
  • 3. One day- un día Once- una vez Yesterday- ayer At night- a noche A year ago- hace un año Already- ya Last month- el mes pasando Day before yesterday- anteayer For one hour- por una hora Finally- por fin At eight- a las ocho On Feb. 12th- el doce de febrero-e -amos -aste -ó -aron -í -imos -iste -ió -ieron Andar Anduve- Estar Estuve- Poder Pud- Poner Pus- Saber Sup- Tener Tuv- venir Vin- Conducir Conduj- Producir Produj- Traducir Traduj- Traer Traj- Decir Dij- -car yo -qué -gar yo -gué -zar yo -cé -e -imos -iste -isteis -0 -ieron Take the “I” off in 3rd person singular Dormir Dormí Dormiste Dormió Dormimos Duermiron Leer Leí Leíste Leyó Leimos Leyeron StemChangers YChangers Dar (give) & Ver (see) Di Dimos Vi Vimos Diste Viste Dío Dieron Vío Vieron Ir (go) & Ser (be) Fuí Fuimos Fuiste Fue Fueron Hacer (do/make) Hice Hicimos Hiciste Hizo Hicieron
  • 4. Demonstratives Singular Plural Éste (this one) Éstos (these) Ése (that one) Ésos (those) Aquél (that one (over there)) Aquéllos (those (over there)) •A demonstrative adjective describes the placement of a noun in relation to a person. •Demonstrative pronouns are used in place of both the pronoun and the adjective. Only demonstrative pronouns have accents Esto Eso Aquello Neutered (unspecific gender)
  • 5. Ordinal Numbers Primeró(a) Quinto(a) Segundo(a) Cuarto(a) Terceró(a) Sexto(a) Séptimo(a) Octavo(a) Noveno(a) Décimo(a) •They must agree with gender and number •They are placed before nouns Primero and tercero drop ó before a masculine singular noun
  • 6. Future •You can use present tense when the context makes it obvious that it is future. Singular Plural -é -emos -ás -éis -á -án or Salir Saldr- Tener Tendr- Valer Vald- Venir Vendr- Poder Podr- Querer Querr- Saber Sabr- Infinitive Future Stem Decir Dir- Hacer Har- Poner Pondr- Future of hay is habrá
  • 7. Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns Mío(a) Nuestro(a) Tuyo(a) Vuestro(a) Suyo(a) Suyo(a) Míos(as) Nuestros(as) Tuyos(as) Vuestros(as) Suyos(as) Suyos(as) Singular Plural Mi(s) Nuestro(a/os/as) Tu(s) Vuestro(a/os/as) Su(s) Su(s) To form a possessive pronoun: •Use the long form of the possessive adjective •Add el, la, los, las based on the gender and number of the noun. Attach the pronoun to a reflexive when using a reflexive in the infinitive form
  • 8. Imperfect -ar -er -ir -aba -ía -ía -abas -ías -ías -aba -ía -ía -abamos -íamos -íamos -abaís -íais -íais -aban -ían -ían Uses: • What time it is • Someone’s age • To talk about something you used to do • To talk about the background events in a story ser ir ver Era Iba Veía Eras Ibas Veías Era Iba Veía Éramos Ibamos Veíamos Erais Ibais Veíais Eran Iban Veían
  • 9. Reflexives • Reflexive verbs only accept a certain pronoun that is called the reflexive pronoun. • Usually the direct object is different than the subject, but with a reflexive pronoun it is the same thing as the subject. Me Nos Te Os Se Se Me escondo Nos escondemos Te escondes Os escondéis Se Esconde Se esconden Same Same