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Old English Adjectives
Singular
Case Masculine Neuter Feminine
Nominative - - -(u)
Accusative -ne - -e
Genitive -es -es -re
Dative -um -um -re
Instrumental -e -e
-re
Adjectives in Old English agree with the noun they
describe in case, gender, and number. There are
several variations on the general declension, but
overall, adjectives decline thus:
•Weak and Strong Declension
Plural
Case Masculine Neuter Feminine
Nominativ
e
-e -(u) -a, -e
Accusative -e -(u) -a, -e
Genitive -ra -ra -ra
Dative -um -um -um
Instrument
al
-um -um
-um
Weak declansion
Singular
Case Masculine Neuter Feminine
Nominative -a -e -e
Accusative -an -e -an
Genitive -an -an -an
Dative -an -an -an
Instrumental -an -an -an
Here's the singular
weak declension:
Plural
Case
All
genders
Nominativ
e
-an
Accusative -an
Genitive -ena
Dative -um
Instrument
al
-um
Here's the plural weak declension:
Comparatives and Superlatives
► The superlative degree ("most") was usually formed
by adding the suffix "-ost" to an adjective; but like
the normal positive degree, it was sometimes
declined weak and sometimes declined strong (see
the "Strong or Weak?" section above for more
information). For example:
► ƿīs ("wise") - ƿīsra ("wiser") - ƿīsost ("wisest")
► cræftiġ ("crafty, skilled") - cræftiġra ("craftier, more
skilled") - cræftigost ("craftiest, most skilled")
► hefiġ ("heavy, important") - hefiġra (""heavier, more
important") - hefigost ("heaviest, most important")
► Some common adjectives undergo i-mutation in the
comparative and superlative, and have -est instead
of -ost as the superlative suffix. Examples are:
► eald ("old") - ieldra ("older") - ieldest ("oldest") (Note
the same mutation in archaic Modern English
"elder"/"eldest".)
► ġeong ("young") - ġingra ("younger") - ġingrest
("youngest")
► hēah ("high") - hīerra ("higher") - hīehst ("highest")
► strang ("strong") - strengra ("stronger") - strengest
("strongest")
► lang ("long") - lengra ("longer") - lengest ("longest")
► Some adjectives formed their comparative and
superlative degrees irregularly, and need to be
memorized:
► gōd ("good") - betera ("better") - betst ("best")
► yfel ("bad, evil") - ƿirsa ("worse") - ƿirst ("worst")
► lytel ("little, small") - læssa ("smaller, less") - læst
► miċel ("much, great") - māra ("more, greater") -
mǣst ("most, greatest")
Old English Adjectives

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Old English Adjectives

  • 2. Singular Case Masculine Neuter Feminine Nominative - - -(u) Accusative -ne - -e Genitive -es -es -re Dative -um -um -re Instrumental -e -e -re Adjectives in Old English agree with the noun they describe in case, gender, and number. There are several variations on the general declension, but overall, adjectives decline thus: •Weak and Strong Declension
  • 3. Plural Case Masculine Neuter Feminine Nominativ e -e -(u) -a, -e Accusative -e -(u) -a, -e Genitive -ra -ra -ra Dative -um -um -um Instrument al -um -um -um
  • 4. Weak declansion Singular Case Masculine Neuter Feminine Nominative -a -e -e Accusative -an -e -an Genitive -an -an -an Dative -an -an -an Instrumental -an -an -an Here's the singular weak declension:
  • 5. Plural Case All genders Nominativ e -an Accusative -an Genitive -ena Dative -um Instrument al -um Here's the plural weak declension:
  • 6. Comparatives and Superlatives ► The superlative degree ("most") was usually formed by adding the suffix "-ost" to an adjective; but like the normal positive degree, it was sometimes declined weak and sometimes declined strong (see the "Strong or Weak?" section above for more information). For example: ► ƿīs ("wise") - ƿīsra ("wiser") - ƿīsost ("wisest") ► cræftiġ ("crafty, skilled") - cræftiġra ("craftier, more skilled") - cræftigost ("craftiest, most skilled") ► hefiġ ("heavy, important") - hefiġra (""heavier, more important") - hefigost ("heaviest, most important")
  • 7. ► Some common adjectives undergo i-mutation in the comparative and superlative, and have -est instead of -ost as the superlative suffix. Examples are: ► eald ("old") - ieldra ("older") - ieldest ("oldest") (Note the same mutation in archaic Modern English "elder"/"eldest".) ► ġeong ("young") - ġingra ("younger") - ġingrest ("youngest") ► hēah ("high") - hīerra ("higher") - hīehst ("highest") ► strang ("strong") - strengra ("stronger") - strengest ("strongest") ► lang ("long") - lengra ("longer") - lengest ("longest")
  • 8. ► Some adjectives formed their comparative and superlative degrees irregularly, and need to be memorized: ► gōd ("good") - betera ("better") - betst ("best") ► yfel ("bad, evil") - ƿirsa ("worse") - ƿirst ("worst") ► lytel ("little, small") - læssa ("smaller, less") - læst ► miċel ("much, great") - māra ("more, greater") - mǣst ("most, greatest")