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The language of technical drawing
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- 2. Drawing Technicaldrawing is the method of communication that is specific to the field of technology It is used to represent the objects that we design and built. Ingredients of technology
- 3. Drawing Ingredients oftechnology Now, let´s learn the basic drawing instruments
- 4. PENCIL Pencilsare made of wood and a graphite core, called lead. Pencil leads are classified by hardness as follows: Soft •Numbers: 0 or1 • Letters: 8B to 3B Medium •Numbers: 2 or 3 • Letters: 2B, B, HB and F Hard •Numbers: 4 or 5 • Letters: H to 5H Very hard •Numbers: 6 to 9 • Letters: 6H to 10H
- 5. PENCIL When wewrite, the graphite latch on to the paper. If the pencil is a hard one the amount of graphite is a bit one, and the mark in the paper is light. On the other hand if it´s a soft one the amount of graphite is bigger, and the mark is dark.
- 6. PENCIL HardPencils are used for plans and technical drawing . Soft Pencils are used for sketches and artistic drawing.
- 7. PROPELLING PENCIL Propelling pencils have a lead into a body, commonly made of plastic. Propelling pencils provide lines of constant thickness without sharpening. They are used in technical drawing (not in artistic drawing) and writing.
- 8. PROPELLING PENCIL The lead of the propelling pencils can have: Different hardness Different diameters, to fit into a lead into the reservoir tube. Diameter Hardness
- 9. RUBBER Rubbersare used to correct errors made when writing with pencil. White vinyl rubbers are recommendes. When you erase: Follow the direction the line was draw in. Use smooth movements so the paper doesn´t wrinkle
- 10. TECHNICAL PEN Technical pens are used to trace over with ink the lines previously drawn with a pencil Technical pens are calibrated and gives the lines a standarized width.
- 11. RULER Rulersare instruments used to draw straight lines and measure segments. Common ruler: It´s marked along one side. Engineer´s scale: It´s a triangular prism on which the six most common scales are etched.
- 12. SET OF SQUARES The set of squares are two right triangles used to draw paralel and perpendicular lines. They let us to draw differents angles combining the measures of the angles of the set . For example: 90º+45º = 135º 30º+45º = 75º 60º+45º = 105º 90º+60º = 150º leg leg
- 13. PROTACTOR Theprotactor is used to measure or draw angles. It used to be semicircular and is divided into 180 degrees.
- 14. TEMPLATES Thestencils are used when standard symbols are to be drawn repeatedly. They have standard symbols cut in it.
- 15. COMPASS Thecompass is an instrument used to draw circunferences or circular arcs, as well as to measure segments. It can be adjusted to hold a technical pen. Or with an extension piece to draw bigger circunferences
- 16. PAPER Thepaper is the basis for all technical drawings. Paper can be clasified by: Size Weight Finish
- 17. PAPER (Size) There are different sizes of paper. They are also called formats. In technical design, the most common formats are the “A” series, based on the DIN (Deutsche Industrienorm)
- 18. PAPER (Size) A0 is a rectangle with an area of 1 m2. Each format is calculated by dividing the previous format in half. The format we usually use is the A4 (297x210 mm)
- 19. PAPER (Weight) The weight of the paper indicates how thick or thin it is. Usually the weight is indicated in grams per square metre. More grams implies a thicker paper
- 20. PAPER (Finish) The finish of the paper shows the appearance of the surface of the paper. It can be white or coloured It can be rough or It can be brilliant or dull smooth It can be opaque or translucent