CREATING NEW FORM OF ARCHITECTURE USING ENTITIES THAT GOES WASTED

i
CREATING NEW FORM OF ARCHITECTURE USING ENTITIES THAT
GOES WASTED
THESIS REPORT
BY:
SOHAIL AHMAD
REGISTRATION # 12ABARC0378
Thesis Advisor:
AR.AZMAT ALI KHAN
Session 2012-2017
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PESHAWAR
ABBOTTABAD CAMPUS
Tel: 0992- 381700/0992- 382508 Fax: 0992- 383627

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH
THE MOST MERCIFUL AND COMPASSIONATE THE MOST GRACIOUS
WHOSE HELP AND GUIDANCE I ALWAYS SOLICIT
AT EVERY STEP, AT EVERY MOMENT.

CERTIFICATE
Certified that I have studied the thesis of my advisee SOHAIL AHMAD. I am satisfied that it is his original research. Data was collected under my
supervision. All typographical and other errors have been corrected.
_______________________________________________
Internal Advisor
AR.TAHIR SAEED KHATTAK
Lecturer,Department of Architecture
University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar
Abbottabad Campus

APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled ―CREATING NEW FORM OF ARCHITECTURE USING ENTITIES THAT GOES WASTED” prepared and submitted
by ―SOHAIL AHMAD‖ in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Architecture is hereby accepted.
_______________________________________________________
Thesis Advisor
Ar. AZMAT ALI KHAN
Assistant Professor,Department of Architecture
Abbottabad Campus
Accepted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of Architecture
.
_______________________________________________
Dr. Ghousia Saeed
Chairperson
Department of Architecture
Abbottabad Campus

DEDICATION
Every challenging work needs self-efforts as well as guidance of elders especially those who are very close
to my heart
My humble effort I dedicated to my sweet and loving
Parents
Whose affection, love, encouragement and prays of day and night make me able to get such success and
honor.
Along with all hard working and respected
Teachers

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I wish to acknowledge and express my sincere appreciation to different people who have helped me and
supported me throughout this research project.
First, I would like to thank the DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE UNIVERSITY OF ENGENERING
AND TECTNOLOGY PESHAWAR ABBOTTABAD CAMPUS and MSW ABBOTTABAD , for giving me the
opportunity to get involved in this project.
AR. AZMAT ALI KHAN, offered great support, and guided me to valuable sources of information. All the
people that have spared their time to answer my questions and helped in gathering information,
My family especially mom and dad and friend especially
INAYAT UR REHMAN, for his support, his encouragement to seek ever-higher results as well as his
enthusiasm and patience.
Last but certainly not least, AR. HABIB ULLAH YOUSAFZAI and AR. TAHIR SAEED.
For her supervision, their patience and
support in helping me to finish the B arch. Without her motivation and encouragements this would have not
been possible.
SOHAIL AHMAD

ABSTRACT:
Society is faced with the growing problem of waste associated with mass
consumption. The treatment and final disposal of waste is linked to a wide
range of environmental problems, including loss and wastage of resources,
atmospheric, aquatic and land pollution, as well as public health concerns.
For these reasons,since the early 1990s there has been an emphasis on
waste minimisation and recycling initiatives.
The MSW DEPARTMENT ABBOTTABAD decided that packaging
waste would be its first target in an aim to reduce waste in general - to be
followed by several other producer responsibility type legislations. The
landfill Directive came into force in 2002 It reduces the amount of bio-
degradable waste that can be landfilled and bans hazardous waste from
most landfill sites.
The aim of the research focuses on establishing target levels with
maximum environmental benefits, specifically for recovering and
recycling cardboard packaging waste in the ABBOTTABAD. The
methodology used is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which considers the
whole life cycle of plastic bottles and
Milk pack packaging, including the manufacture of packaging from raw
(or recycled) fibres, its transport and use and waste management options.
A range of scenarios have been modelled to reflect present day
achievements, the levels of recycling expected of Member States through
the revised Directive targets, as well as extreme scenarios. The scenarios
are:
 Base scenario: 53% recycling, 4.23% incineration and 42.77%
landfill Scenario 2: 60% recycling with 37.2% landfill and 2.8%
incineration
 Scenario 3: 70% recycling with 27.9% landfill and 2.1 %
incineration
 Scenario 4: 80% recycling with 18.6% landfill and 1.4%
incineration
 Scenario 5: 35% recycling with 60.45% landfill and 4.55%
incineration
 Scenario 6: 100% landfill Scenario 8: 100% incineration
 It was found that significant reductions in
global warming and carcinogens are associated with increasing levels of
recycling (the highest level assessed was 60% recycling), but this comes at
a cost of a slight increase in energy usage impacts.
Global warming impactsfall by 20% with an increase in recycling from
53% to 80%. However, some of these potential benefits are compromised
if waste materials needs to be exported to Pakistan for recycling.

Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENT........................................................................i
ABSTRACT:........................................................................................ii
CHAPTER I.......................................................................................1
1.INTRODUCTION:..........................................................................1
1.1. GENERAL:............................................................................... 1
1.2. BACKGROUND:......................................................................1
1.2 SOLID WASTE.......................................................................... 1
1.2.1 Definition of Solid Waste and Function ................................ 1
1.3 SOURCES OF SOLID WASTE................................................... 2
1. 3.1 DOMESTIC/RESIDENTIAL SOLID WASTE...................... 2
1.3.2 COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL SOLID WASTE...2
1.3. 3 MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE............................................. 2
1.3.4 INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE............................................ 2
1.3.5 AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES............................................ 2
1.4 FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS............................................................ 3
1.4.1 SOURCES OF SOLID WASTE........................................... 3
1.4.2 COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLID
WASTE....................................................................................... 3
1.4.3 TYPES OF SOLID WASTES:.............................................. 3
1.5 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS............................. 6
1.5 .1 WASTE GENERATION ..................................................... 6
1.5 .2 STORAGE.......................................................................... 6
1.5.3 COLLECTION ....................................................................7
1.5.4 TRANSFER AND TRANSPORTATION.............................. 7
1.5.5 REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLING AND RECOVERY........... 7
1.5 .6 PROCESSING AND TREATMENT....................................8
1.5.7 DISPOSAL-SANITARY LANDFILL METHOD................... 8
1.6 DEFINITION OF THE 3RS ........................................................ 8
1.7 PLASTICS................................................................................ 9
1.7.1 TYPES OF PLASTICS......................................................... 9
1.8 Project...................................................................................... 10
1.9 Site ...........................................................................................10
1.9.1 Site selection Criteria ..........................................................10
1.10 Client ......................................................................................10
1.11 Users.......................................................................................11
1.12 Research Problem ...................................................................11
1.13 Justifications and Significance ..................................................11
1.14 Assumptions............................................................................11
1.15 Problem statement:...................................................................11
1.16. Primary Aspect of the Project...................................................12
1.16.1. Primary Aspects of Research:............................................12
1.18 Design Criteria through research...............................................12
1.19 CLIENT BRIEF’S...................................................................12
1.20 Medium of presentation...........................................................12
CHAPTER II.................................................................................... 13
2.1.OBJECTIVE:............................................................................13
2.2. ASPECT:.................................................................................13
2.2.1. Q.NO 1: what are the materials that are avalible in abbottabad?
..................................................................................................13
2.2.2. Q.NO 2: what is the physical characteristics of the materials
that is available ...........................................................................14
CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC............14
Properties and features.................................................................14
2.2.3. CLASSIFICATION OF PLASTICS....................................15
2.2.4. Q.NO 3: how these materials could be used as a building
materials with reference to case studies.........................................16
The bottle school by hug studio:...................................................16
Introduction:...............................................................................16
What are bottle schools? ..............................................................16
How to build a bottle school:........................................................16
Why build a bottle school?...........................................................17
Construction: ..............................................................................18
2.5. Conclusions:.............................................................................21

CHAPTER III..................................................................................22
3.1. OBJECTIVE:........................................................................... 22
3.2. ASPECTS................................................................................ 22
3.3. Conclusions:............................................................................ 24
3.4. PLASTIC BOTTLES AS A DECORATIVE ELEMENTS:......... 24
3.5. CONCLUSIONS:..................................................................... 27
CHAPTER IV:..................................................................................28
4. Site analysis:.................................................................................28
4.1. Location:................................................................................. 28
4.2. Climatology:............................................................................ 28
4.4.MICRO ANALYSIS:................................................................ 30
4.4.1.Panoramas......................................................................... 31
4.5.Site selection criteria:................................................................ 32
4.5.1.Hard criteria:...................................................................... 32
4.5.2. Soft criteria:...................................................................... 32
4.6. SWOT..................................................................................... 32
4.6.1. SITE STRENGTHS:.......................................................... 32
4.6.2.OPPORTUNITIES:............................................................ 32
4.6.3. WEAKNESS .................................................................... 32
4.6.4.THREATS :....................................................................... 32
4.7. PEST ANALYSIS:.................................................................. 32
4.7.1. POLITICAL: .................................................................... 32
4.7.2. ECONOMICAL :.............................................................. 32
4.7.3. SOCIAL:.......................................................................... 32
4.7.4. Technological: .................................................................. 32
4.8. Conclusions:............................................................................ 33
CHAPTER V:...................................................................................34
5. User analysis, Building program and Architect Brief....................34
5.1. User analysis:........................................................................... 34
5.1.1. USER DATA:................................................................... 36
5.2. Architect Brief......................................................................... 40
CHAPTER VI:................................................................................. 42
6.1. DESIGN CONCEPT:................................................................42
6.1.1.Programatic distruction:.......................................................42
6.2. SKHEMATICS AND BUBBLE DIAGRAM:.............................42
6.3. ZOONING:..............................................................................43
6.4. FORM DEVELOPMENT:.........................................................44
6.5. FINAL MASTER PLAN:..........................................................46
6.6. Drawings..................................................................................47
6.7. 3D VIEWS:..............................................................................54
6.8. Interior Views...........................................................................56
References:....................................................................................... 57
BOOKS:........................................................................................... 57

EVOLVING SOMETHING FROM NOTHING THROUGHT THE PHILOSOPHY OF
RECYCLING ARCHITECTURE CHAPTER 1
PROTOTYPE HOUSING UNITS IN ABBOTTABAD 1
CHAPTER I
1.INTRODUCTION:
1.1. GENERAL:
Waste creating is a simultanius process , waste is almost created in
each part of the cities, waste is forbidden in islam, no one like waste
materials,
But there are some waste materials which have the potential to be used
architecturally,
If we reuse that entities in our design as a construction materials, it
well hwlp us to neglet the negative effects of thess waste intities over
our environment,
1.2. BACKGROUND:
The research work was aimed at proposing a 3R programme at AIT to
solve the current solid waste problems. The solid waste audit
conducted in AIT showed that 700 tons/year of solid waste was
generated and the per capita of solid waste was about 0.5
kg/day. The percentage composition of organic and inorganic
solid waste was 60% and 40% respectively. The audit study also
showed that 93% of the solid waste in AIT is disposed in the landfill,
4% of solid waste is recycled and 3% of solid waste is gardening
waste that is composted inside the AIT campus. The chemical analysis
of the solid waste at AIT showed that the carbon and nitrogen content
of the waste were very high, but due to a low C/N ratio, the solid
waste cannot be composted and used in the production of manure.
The moisture content of the wastes was also as high as 68% that
shows a high rate of organic
degradation of the solid waste at AIT. Thus, the calorific value of the
solid waste at AIT was also as high as 16.39 MJ/kg. The high
calorific value of the solid waste at AIT indicated that the solid
waste was suitable for useas RDF. The study of the formal and
informal sectors in the Tha Kong Municipality showed that the
amount of solid waste recycled was 44% and the amount of solid
waste disposed in the landfillwas 56%. The BCA showed that there
was a benefit in the recycling activities in the Tha Kong
Municipality. However, the BCA showed that there was no
benefit in the recycling activities in AIT. The physical analysis of
the solid waste showed that 25.1% of the total solid waste generated
was plastic, which showed that there is a lack of awareness in solid
waste management at AIT. Hence, awareness programmes in solid
waste management are necessary at AIT.
1.2 SOLID WASTE
1.2.1 Definition of Solid Waste and Function
―Waste‖ is a material discharged and discarded as unnecessary from
each stage of daily human life activities, which leads to adverse
impacts on human health and the environment. The word ―waste‖
refers to useless, unused, unwanted, or discarded materials.
Municipal solid wastes are the wastes from residential,
commercial, institutional, construction and demolition, municipal
services including the wastes from treatment plant sites (e.g. sludge
from wastewater treatment plants) and municipal incinerators.
Industrial process wastes and agricultural wastes are excludedfrom
MSW.
MSW compositions can be divided into three types: organic wastes
(combustible wastes, plastic, wood, paper, textile, leather, rubber,

CHAPTER 1
RECYCLING ARCHITECTURE
2 PROTOTYPE HOUSING UNITS IN ABBOTTABAD
etc.), inorganic wastes (non-combustible wastes, ferrous material,
non-ferrous material, glass, stone, ceramic, bones, shells, etc.) and
miscellaneous wastes. MSW compositions vary based on the
location, season, economic condition and social life styles of a
particular place.
Management can be defined as the judicious use of means to achieve
an end. ―An end‖ is the removal of the rejected material from the
material flow pattern. It was generally accepted that the cost of
solid waste management was the number of rupees required to
eliminate the rejected material from the material flow pattern. If
this could be accomplished by dumping it in a used gravel pit,
hauling it to the sea, volatilizing it into the atmosphere, or whatever,
that was the minimum cost.
1.3 SOURCES OF SOLID WASTE
The source of solid waste can be classified into five categories as
follows:
1. 3.1 DOMESTIC/RESIDENTIAL SOLID WASTE
• Garbage, consists of results from food marketing, preparation, and
consumption in relationship to residential units. It contains putrescible
organic material that needs special consideration due to its nature of
attracting vermin (rats and flies) and of producing very strong odours.
• Rubbish/trash consists of paper and paper products, plastics, cans,
bottles, glass, metals, ceramics, dirt, dust, yard and garden wastes, and
the like. Except for the yard and garden wastes,these materials are non
putrescible.
• Ash is the residue from combustion processes resulting from
household activities.
• Bulking wastes include furniture, appliances, mattresses, and
springs, and similar large items.
1.3.2 COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL SOLID
WASTE
This category consists of the waste that originates from offices, retail
stores, restaurants, schools, hospitals, and so on. Moreover, there
are two additional categories, which are construction and
demolition wastes, and special wastes. The former includes the
materials associated with the demolition of old buildings and the
construction of new buildings. The latter is the wastes that are
generated by special facilities such as hospitals and research
laboratories.
1.3. 3 MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
This category includes the solid residues, that results from the
municipal functions and services such as the street refuse, dead
animals, abandoned vehicles, water and sewage plant residues, park
and beach refuse, and landscape waste.
1.3.4 INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE
There are two sources of the refuse generated in the industrial
sites: (1) the commercial/institutional part of the plant and
(2) the manufacturing process. The quantity and characteristics of the
wastes from these two sources are considerably different.
1.3.5 AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES
This residue will be indicated only in the problem of the rural areas
because agriculture
poses the significant and unique problems. The wastes are from
confined animal feeding and crop residues.

1.4 FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SOLID
WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
1.4.1 SOURCES OF SOLID WASTE
Municipal solid waste includes all the waste produced in the
community except industrial and agricultural wastes. The source of
waste is related to land use and zoning. The most important segments
can be classified such as residential, commercial, institutional,
construction, demolition, industrial, treatment plants and the
agricultural sectors. A wide range of solid waste generating facilities,
activities, where MSW is normally assumed to include all community
wastes with the exception of industrial process wastes and agricultural
wastes.
Plastic wastes can be a part of each type of waste sources and
the quantity may vary according to the utilization. Table 2.1
shows the major sources of plastic scraps, bags, bottles etc.,
scattered around the environment due to mismanagement and littering.
1.4.2 COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF
SOLID WASTE
Generally, there are physical and chemical characteristics in
municipal solid waste. Composition is the term used to describe the
individual components that make up a solid waste stream and their
relative distribution, usually based on percentage by weight.
Knowledge of the physical and chemical composition of the solid
waste is important to enable one to assess what type of disposal
method is to be carried out, especially with plastics, which are
originally non-biodegradable innature. Solid waste is a heterogeneous
mixture of wastes.
Waste Generation
Waste handling, separation, storage and
processing at the source
Collection
Disposal
Separation and processing and
transformation of solid waste
Transfer and Transport
Source Typical facilities, activities or locations where wastes are
generated.
1.4.3 TYPES OF SOLID WASTES:
Residential Single family and multifamily detached dwellings, low,
medium and high rise apartments, etc.
Food wastes, paper, cardboard, plastic, textile, leather, yard waste,
wood, glass, tin cans,
aluminium, other metals, ashes, including bulky items, consumer
electronics, white goods, yard wastes collected separately, batteries,
oil and tires, rubber, household
hazardous wastes Commercial Stores, restaurants, markets, offices,
buildings, hotel, print shops, service stations, auto repair shops, etc
Paper, cardboard, plastic, wood, food waste, glass, metals, hazardous
wastes, etc
Institutional Schools, restaurants, markets, offices, buildings, hotel,
print shops, service stations, auto repair shops, etc As above in
commercial Construction and Demolition Schools, hospitals, prison,
government centers, etc. Wood, steel, concrete, dirt, plastic, etc
Municipal services (excluding treatment facilities) Street cleaning,
landscaping, catch basin, parks and beaches, other recreational areas
Special wastes, rubbish, street sweepings, landscapes, and tree
trimmings, catch basin debris, general waste from parks, beaches and
recreational areas Treatment plant sites municipal solid wastes Water,
wastewater and industrial treatment processes, etc

CHAPTER 1
Treatment plant wastes, principally composed of residual sludge
Municipal solid waste All of the above All of the above Industrial
wastes Construction, fabrication, light and heavy manufacturing
refineries, chemical plants, power plants, demolition, etc
Industrial process wastes, scrap materials, etc. Non-industrial wastes
including food wastes, rubbish, ashes, demolition and construction
wastes, and hazardous wastes Agricultural Field and row crops,
orchards, vineyards, dairies, feedlots, farms, etc Spoiled food wastes,
agricultural wastes, rubbish and hazardous wastes The common
composition in physical characteristics are food wastes, paper,
cardboard, plastics, textiles, rubber, leather, garden trimmings,
wood, glass, tin cans, non-ferrous metals, ferrous metals, dirt,
ashes and birches, etc. The average physical and chemical
composition of the waste varies from place to place depending
upon the type of waste, economy, climate, social and cultural
activities etc.
Information on chemical characteristics of solid wastes is
important for evaluating alternative processing and recovery
processes. The most important characteristics are:
1. Proximate analysis:
 Moisture (loss at 105C for one hour)
 Volatile matter (additional loss on ignition at 950 0C)
 Ash (residue after burning)
 Fixed carbon (remainder)
2. Fusing point of ash
3. Ultimate analysis: percent of C (carbon), H (hydrogen), O (oxygen),
N (nitrogen), S (sulphur) and ash
4. Energy Content (low and high calorific value) (Joules)
Besides the above analysis, other chemical analysis methods are also
performed depending upon its requirement, such as investigating water
pollution potentials for sanitary landfills
and air pollution potentials for incinerator operations, chemical
recovery and designing incinerators and other components.
Information on the composition of solid waste is important in
evaluating alternative equipment needs, system and management
programmes and plans. Information and data on the physical
composition of solid wastes are important in the selection and
operation of equipment facilities, in assessing the feasibility of
resource and energy recovery, and in the analysis and design of
disposal facilities. Physical and chemical composition of each type of
waste contributes major part in designing disposal facilities because
some wastes cannot be treated as compared to other wastes.
The composting method is employed mainly for disposal of organic
wastes. Based on the composition, nature, the components of solid
waste are categorized as organic and inorganic. The composting
materials include garbage, grass, straw and paper.
1.4.3.1 DENSITY
Density is defined as the mass per unit volume of any substance.
Density data are often required to obtain the mass and volume of waste
that must be managed. Municipal solid wastes delivered in the
compaction vehicles usually vary from 120 to 280 kg/m
3. The density of solid waste is determined for transportation and
other purposes. It should be noted that density values are different
between compacted and un-compacted refuse.
1.4.3.2 MOISTURE CONTENT
Moisture content usually is expressed as the percentage weight of
moisture per unit weight of wet or dry material. For the wet-weight
moisturecontent, it can be expressed as:
Moisture content (%) = (a – b) × 100/a
Where, a = initial weight of sample as delivered; b= weight of sample
after drying For most municipal solid wastes, the moisture content will

vary from 15 to 40% depending on the composition of the wastes,
season of the year, humidity and weather conditions, particularly
rain. Moisture content is important because it affects the stability of
the combustion process and combustion efficiency during cold starts
of an incinerator as well as for composting and other processes. For
composting processes, the moisture content is maintained between 50
to 60% throughout the process for desirable conditions.
1.4.3.3 VOLATILE SOLIDS AND ASH CONTENT
Dried samples are gradually heated to 650 C (950 C is also used for
better results) for 2 hours in a muffle furnace and the percentage of
volatile solids is calculated as follows:
Volatile Solid (%) = 100 × (loss in weight)/(net dry weight)
This value states the approximate percentage of organic matter present
in the material. The value for percent ash is 100 minus percent solids.
This value is important to determine the percent in volume reduction
and ash content for incinerator design and to evaluate the
efficiency of the incinerator.
1.4.3.4 CALORIFIC VALUE
The term ―heat of combustion or calorific value‖ refers to the amount
of heat liberated per unit of the substance burned or a measure of
the energy available from the fuel in a standard condition. This
process involves enthalpy or heat content (H) of the system. The heat
of combustion is expressed for this study in calories per gram of
sample.
The heat content of various solid waste materials is important in
the volume reduction process used to dispose of the waste. For
example, measuring the energy balance and analyzing heat
content of the solid waste before and after incineration is
essential for incinerator design and disposal of the waste. Stability of
the waste product is a function of their heat content. Not all
solid waste samples with similar total heat contents (enthalpies,
or heat of combustion values) are similarly ignitable and
combustible. The readily available heat content of a solid waste
sample or its potential heat could be an important aspect in evaluating
the efficiency of an incinerator or for measuring the usefulness of
incinerator residue.
Potential heat is defined as the difference betweenthe heat of
combustion of a represented sample of the materials and the heat of
combustion of any residue remaining after exposure to a simulated
standard fire, using combustion calorimetric techniques. Some
incinerator residue and fly ash samples have negative potential
heat values. Such samples are high in carbonates, which absorb
heat upon decomposing(endothermic reaction).
Analysts can obtain the residual heat content of the sample by
deducting the potential heat in the total heat content. The residual
heat content in a residue or fly ash sample is not easily
obtainable and would probably exist regardless of the incinerator
efficiency.
The condition for a standard fire cannot be simulated when dealing
with incinerators since a combustion aid is employed for the total
heat of combustion values. Solid waste is ignited and burnt to
completion and can be measuredby applying the same calorimetric
technique except omitting the combustion aid allowing oily flash heat
of ignition to ignite the sample. The approximate Btu value of
solid waste can be calculated by using the following equation:
Btu/lb = 145.4 × C + 620 × (H – 1/8 × O) + 41 × S
Where C = carbon (%), H = hydrogen (%), O = oxygen (%) and S =
sulphur (%).

CHAPTER 1
1.5 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
There are six functional elements that constitute the SWM
system, which are listed as follows:
 Waste generation
 Storage
 Collection
 Transfer and transport
 Reduce, reuse, recycling and recovery
 Disposal
1.5 .1 WASTE GENERATION
Waste generation includes those activities in which materials are
identified as no longer being of value and either discarded or
gathered together for disposal. The generation of waste can depend
on the following factors:
 Geographic location
 Season of the year
 Frequency of collection
 Characteristic of population
 Extent of salvage and recycling
 Legislation
 Public attitudes
Solid wastes from residential sources vary considerably in
composition of quality. The variations depend on the economic
status, ethnic composition and social habits of people living in a
particular area, e.g. backyard burning of waste etc. The quantities of
waste also varies with the seasons, the geographical characteristics of
the land, rainfall, climate, the choice of consumer goods and the habits
of the people, for e.g. what they eat, drink and the packaging/packaged
material they buy.
Nowadays, in many parts of the world, plastic is the major material
used in many products. Not only as a packing material but also as a
means of carrying of products, plastic bags
become unavoidable in everyday life. Because of many
advantages that plastics have compared to others such as paper,
metals, rubber, etc., the use of plastic material is increasing in
every sector of civilization, resulting in the generation of plastic
wastes.
1.5 .2 STORAGE
Solid waste storage facilities may be classified asprimary (or
individual) and secondary (or communal) storage facilities. In
developing countries, it is essential that storage facilities be as far
as possible, animal proof, insect proof and weather proof, waste able
and robust enough to meet the exigencies of normal use.
Haan (1998) suggested that in Asian countries, the various communal
storage options like depots, enclosures, fixed store bins, concrete
pipesections and 200 litre drums; the last one is used frequently with
reasonable success under the management of local authorities.
The following factors are considered in the on-site storage of solid
waste such as:
 Type of container to be used
 Container location
 Public health and aesthetics
 Collection methods to be used
To a large extent, the type and capacities of containers used,
depends on the space available for the placement of containers.
There may be many types of containers such as plastic containers,

metal containers, rubber containers and concrete containers. But
for household and curbside waste containers, the usual form is the
plastic container and the lining used for this container is also the
plastic bags.
1.5.3 COLLECTION
The frequency of collection includes not only the gathering or picking
of solid waste from the sources, but also the hauling of the waste
to the location where the contents of the collection vehicles are
emptied. Collection systemsat present are classified according to the
type of operation into categories: Hauled Container Systems
(HCS) and Stationary Container Systems (SCS).
The HCS is the system in which the containers used for storage of
waste are hauled to the disposal site, emptied and returned to either
their original location. The SCS is the system in which the containers
used for storage of waste remain at the point of generation, except for
occasional short trips to the collection vehicle.
Moreover, short-range transfer stations may be added which divides
the waste collection into two phases, primary and secondary
collection. In the primary collection, house-tohouse collection is
performed by a small non-motorized vehicle, such as a hand cart or an
animal cart. When full, the primary collection vehicle is emptied
directly into a large motor vehicle.
The collection frequency depends on the characteristic of wastes,
climate, container size, activities of the people, etc. Problems of plastic
can also be found in collection systems. Because plastic bags are light
and able to float inair, they may be carried away by wind or other
circumstances and left in the streets and environment while collecting
or transferring the household and other municipal solid wastes.
1.5.4 TRANSFER AND TRANSPORTATION
The definition of transfer and transport refers to the means,
facilities and appurtenances used to affect the transfer of wastes
from small vehicles to large vehicles, and transport them over
extended distances to either processing centres or to disposal
sites. Transfer operations can be used successfully with almost
anytype of collection system. The transport of collected waste is a
major problem in developing countries. A high proportion of
vehicle operating time is spent on transporting wastes to the disposal
sites due to traffic and road conditions and a small payload. For
overcoming such a situation, transfer stations should be introduced and
the decision should hinge upon economics, the total cost of collection,
direct haul and disposal.
1.5.5 REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLING AND
RECOVERY
Different researchers have highlighted the importance of reuse and
recycling. Recovery or resource recovery is the extraction of
economically usable material or energy from solid wastes. Reuse is the
claim of material in form and its subsequent use in the same form, for
e.g. returnable bottles.
Recycling is more possible in developed countries, where settleable
constituents comprise a higher fraction of collected wastes, wages are
often too high to permit recovery, sorting and processing of these
materials to be carried out profitably. In this case, private
scavenging of solid wastes plays a vital role in the recycling process.
Fudery (1990) defined that resource recovery/recycling is different
between developed and developing countries. In developed countries,
resource recovery is done mechanically and is institutionalized by
the government, while in the developing countries, recycling
operations are done by waste pickers or scavengers,with junk dealers,

CHAPTER 1
even without the encouragement and support by the government. It
is noted also that most of the refuse scavenged for recycling,
except paper, are non-biodegradable wastes such as plastics, glass,
metal, bone, non-ferrous, ferrous materials etc. Like reusing and
recycling other materials, reusing and recycling of plastic
materials also has benefits such as resource recovery and
improvement of aesthetic qualities.
1.5 .6 PROCESSING AND TREATMENT
Processing and treatment is a technique to improve efficiency of
SWM systems and to recover resources whether it is a usable
material conversion product or energy. There are various methods for
treatment out of which incineration and composting are most widely
used. By incineration, volume of waste to be disposed is reduced,
whereas, by composting of wastes, organic soil substitutes can be
recovered. Final disposal of each type of waste is one of the most
important issues in MSW systems. Itmay be slightly easier to handle
food and other non-hazardous wastes, but for hazardous and non-
biodegradable wastes such as plastics, it becomes a lot more
complicated.
1.5.7 DISPOSAL-SANITARY LANDFILL METHOD
A landfill is an inelegant biological reactor, in which the wastes
decompose over time. It is the most significant and cheapest method
for final disposal of municipal waste. It is simple to operate and can be
used for land reclamation by filling the low lands with waste. Most of
the world’s solid wastes are disposed in the landfills, which is
the main method of disposal in developing countries. Although
landfilling may be the most attractive method for final disposal, non-
biodegradable materials like plastics may take a very long time to
degrade. Therefore, plastics may remain unchanged, while other
wastes may decompose over time.
1.6 DEFINITION OF THE 3RS
The 3Rs in Municipal Solid Wastes are: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
―Source reduction‖ is defined as the prevention of waste at its
source by redesigning products or changing patterns of production
and consumption.
The definition refers to the reduction of either toxicity, volume, or
weight of a material used in a product, the increase in the lifetime of a
product, the substitution of reusable products for single use ones
or the reduction in the overall consumption of goods (Lober, 1996).
―Recycling‖ is defined by Haan (1998) as a process of transforming
recovered and sorted material into intermediate materials (such as
crushed glass or ground or extruded plastic) or into final products for
consumer or industrial use. Waste avoidance, waste reduction, and
recycling, are the principles by which the industrialized and developed
countries apply when they try to reduce their high amount of refuse.
Each of the processes will directly or indirectly affect the volume,
weight, composition, and economy of solid waste.
The term ―Reuse‖ has been employed to convey the meaning such as,
further use or to use
again. For the study purpose ―Recycling‖ is considered for
utilizing one or more of the components from discarded or waste
material and ―Reuse‖ is used for further use or to use again and again
of material without going into its original manufacturing process.
Producers
Traders
Consumers
Collection
Transportation
Landfill
Recycling and
Recovery Processes
Private Recycling

Firms
Sellers/Vendors
Street Pickers/Hawkers
There are many ways of defining the meaning of reuse and
recycling according to the practices and perceptions. The
following are the concepts by Sykes (1978) and Lund (2001):
1. Reuse of a product, without alteration, to serve the purpose for
which it was initially intended (e.g. refilling soft drink bottles).
2. Reuse of a product, without alteration, to servea purpose other than
that for which it was initially intended (e.g. using old clothes as rags).
3. Reprocessing of materials incorporated in a product to
produce new products of the same type (e.g. using crushed glass
bottles to manufacture new glass bottles).
4. Reprocessing of materials incorporated in a product to
produce new products of a different type (e.g., using worn out
rubber tires in the production of road surfacing material).
1.7 PLASTICS
Plastics are non-biodegradable materials made of polymers. At
present, plastic materials are produced from petroleum products.
There are so many technologies available to produce secondary
materials cheaper than virgin materials. Markets are available for
its product, which means that plastic recycling industries are
making large profits. Plastic materials are synthesized for special
applications.Reuse of plastics is not practiced widely however.
1.7.1 TYPES OF PLASTICS
Plastics fall into two main categories: thermosetting and
thermoplastics.
1. Thermosetting: Thermosetting plastics are chemically hardened
plastics made of phenol formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde,
polyesters and other plastics. These plastics are converted to usable
materials by heating to the desired shape. These are used in
electrical sockets, plastic laminates, plastic crockery, etc.
Thermosetting plastics cannot be readily recycled into new plastics.
2. Thermoplastics: Thermoplastics are polyethylene (HD and
LD), polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polystyrene and
copolymers. These plastics are converted to usable goods by suitable
heating and forming, then cooling. Mostly, all packing materials are
of the thermoplastic variety and used for recycling widely
Polyethylene is a fairly tough, probably the most common plastic and
used in the majority of plastic bottles as well as in the form of film.
Polyethylene has two forms: high density and low density. High-
density polyethylene is harder and crackles in the hand if crumpled. In
the production of very thin sheets such as sacksand bags or thin sheets,
high-density polyethylene is stronger although these are prepared
from low-density polyethylene too.
Low-density polyethylene is soft and stretches more when torn.
These two types are different and cannot be mixed. Polypropylene is
very similar to polyethylene and recovers its shape when deformed
more readily than does polyethylene. It is generally more expensive
than polyethylene. It is very strong, flexible and hard. It is used to
make furniture of high durability, string and ropes, car battery cases,
plumbing and to an increasing extent in packaging.
Polyvinyl chloride is used widely in shoes, plumbing, floor and wall
surfaces, children’s balls and toys, hand bags, suitcases, irrigation
piping. But its clarity and flexibility make it a popular substitute for
packing. It is cheaper than the other plastics mentioned above.
Polystyrene is also transparent, but is more rigid and despite its
brittleness, has numerous
applications in containers, microwaves, foam cups, toys and home
appliance components. These are the various kinds of thermoplastics
that can be reused. Plastics are used in many ways and have become

CHAPTER 1
the material of choice because of their high serviceability and cost
efficiency, requires less energy to manufacture than aluminium or non-
ferrous heavy metals, save fuel through their light weight, better
storage stability of food etc. Thus, plastics and plastic products are
becoming substitutes for other products made of metal, paper, wood,
glass etc.
1.7.2 Constraints to Reusing and Recycling
Recycling of mixed plastic wastes from domestic refuse proves
to be more difficult to perform in general. The refuse contains a
variety of packaging and is generally
contaminated with food and other residues. Cadmium containing
waste, painted parts, affect the product quality, and so again, further
step-by-step processes are required.
Plastics are materials synthesized for special applications. The
more diverse the composition of the waste the greater is the deviation
from original property and hence is more difficult to recycle. Any
contamination by another plastic or another grade formulation
means poorer quality. Recycling causes progressive deterioration
each time the material is recycled.
It is relatively simple to recycle single polymer process scrap, but the
recovery of single
polymer post consumer waste requires close cooperation between all
companies involved in the product cycle in identifying the mark
and others because of difficulty to separate different types of plastic
and after every cycle ofthe plastic materials, the original property or
strength gets lowered because of oxidation in repeated use.
The Society of the Plastic Industry (SPI) has developed a
voluntary coding system for plastic containers that identifies bottles
and other containers by the type of materials, to
assist recyclers in sorting containers by resin composition to be
imprinted on the bottom of the plastic container. The code of the
three-sided triangular arrow with a number in the
centre and letters underneath indicate the primary resin type. The SPI
coating system was introduced in April 1991.
1.8 Project
TITLES OF THE PROJECT:
Creating new form of architecture using entities that goes
wasted
INNER TITLE:
To design a prototype housing units using the waste
material produces in abbottabad.
1.9 Site
Lower slahad, abbottabad.kpk,pakistan
1.9.1 Site selection Criteria
Hard criteria:
Near to working site
Enough area
Owner ship
Residential area
Soft criteria
Material availability
Ease of working
Supportive services
1.10 Client
It’s a joint venture of MSW ABBOTTABAD (MUNICIPAL
SOLID WASTE), and ADA (Abbottabad Development Authority).
They will provide the requiring funds.

1.11 Users
The users of the design are the workers of the MSW Abbottabad and
their families.
1.12 Research Problem
The biggest problem MSW faces is the mismanagement of the large
amounts of solid waste generated. There is a lack of a proper recycling
system in ABBOTTABAD at present. There is also an odour problem
caused from the garbage bins, due to improper storage and
irregular collection of wastes.
This has become a nuisance to the MSW and surrounding community,
because of odour problems, which results in pathogens and a lot
omosquitoes in the surroundings.
There is also a problem caused by the location of the waste recycling
bank located inside the community Dormitories. People often
complain about the odour problems related to this. Hence, the site
selection of the waste recycling bank and other disposal facilities must
be taken into consideration by the Department of Infrastructure of
AIT, who take care of the solid waste in MSW.
The ABBOTTABAD Municipality has great difficulties intrying to
define their actual solid waste management costs. They do not have
a proper detailed cost accounting in place.
When solid waste management systems based on user fees are in
place, often the fees barely cover costs of collection and
transport leaving practically no financial resources for the safe
disposal of waste.
Therefore, the municipal authorities find it difficult to find a solution
for the disposal of solid wastes. They then start looking at waste
treatment methods like composting or incineration to eliminate their
problems. These waste treatment methods do not eliminate the need
of a disposal site. The municipal authorities have a difficult task
in finding an ideal site, planning and designing a new landfill because
it is a lengthy and costly affair.
Hence, the need for the 3R concept arises and this can be a priority
solution to this serious problem. The 3Rs are basically: Reduce,
Recycle and Reuse.
Recycling can provide an opportunity to recover some of these
valuable substances from solid waste, particularly in the form of
long-term energy and resource conservation. Recycling both
conserves and uses energy, materials and products. If it conserves
more than it uses, it may save materials, money and environmental
degradation.
1.13 Justifications and Significance
Due to the cast factor and the unavailability of the housing units for
the MSW workers .they face challenges to access the dump disposal
site on time also to their houses,
Waste materials are available so through the used of that materials we
are going to propose a prototype housing units for the workers of
MSW Department.
1.14 Assumptions
I have been assumed that if we used the materials that are available
in dump disposal area and design a prototype housing units so it well
be a sample for the community and give knowledge toward systanible
development.
1.15 Problem statement:
EVOLVING SOMETHING FROM NOTHING THROUGHT THE
PHILOSOPHY OF RECYCLING ARCHITECTURE

CHAPTER 1
4 Scope of the Study
The scope of the study is indicated as follows:
Analysis of physical components, including combustibles, non-
combustibles, miscellaneous categories, moisture content and bulk
density. constituent moisture, ash and combustible content as well as
calorific values is also carried out.
Among the recycling materials, paper, glass, plastics and metals
are evaluated for recycling and reuse processes. The market potential
of secondary materials is also studied from the collection crew to the
traders.
To determine the mass or material balance of solid wastes in MSW
with the help of a solid waste audit study. In this way, the
improvement of the existing situation of the solid waste management
in MSW can be planned out.
The research identifies and analyzes the specific aspects of recycling
activites by the formal and informal sectors in the
ABBOTTABAD municipality with respect to MAS such as:
The administrative approaches such as various enterprises and
market mechanisms.
The quality and quantity of the recycled wastes produced by these
sectors.
The role of the formal and informal sectors in waste recycling.
1.16. Primary Aspect of the Project
1.16.1. Primary Aspects of Research:
1) Junk as a building materials
1.18 Design Criteria through research
The standards and spaces which we will find out through research
will implement in the designing of components of the experiential
spaces, these components are:
On the macro level master planning of the whole project is very large
and it includes of:
1.19 CLIENT BRIEF’S
 Housing units
 Administration
 Recreational spaces
 Multi-purpose hall
 Masjid and madrasa
 Parking
 Hostel
 Market
1.20 Medium of presentation
I will follow the following medium for presentation: Sheets panel
presentation in the form of hard, also we use software’s, digital
presentation.

CHAPTER II
2.1.OBJECTIVE:
 Identifying the materials that could be used and recycled
2.2. ASPECT:
Jjunk as a building materials:
questions:
what are the materials that are avalible in abbottabad?
what is the physical characteristics of the materials that is available
how these materials could be used as a building materials with
reference to case studies
2.2.1. Q.NO 1: what are the materials that are avalible in
abbottabad?
There is a lot of waste materials that are available in abbottabad
A survey conducted by me from the dump disposal area of abbottabad
shows the astemated value of waste materials available.

CHAPTER 2
The important material that were found was the plastic bottles
Especially dew, 7up, coke
The live pictures of the source are:
2.2.2. Q.NO 2: what is the physical characteristics of the
materials that is available
CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES OF
PLASTIC.
Properties and features
Plastics are organic substances formed by macrocells called polymers.
These polymers are large groups of monomers linked by a chemical
process called polymerization. Plastics provide the necessary balance
of properties that can not be achieved with other materials such as:
color, lightweight, soft touch and resistance to environmental and
biological degradation.
In fact, plastic refers to a state of the material, but the material itself:
synthetic polymers commonly called plastics are actually synthetic
materials that can achieve the plastic state, ie when the material is
viscous or fluid, and no resistance properties to mechanical stress. This
state is reached when the material becomes solid plastic state usually
by heating, and is ideal for different production processes and that this
state is when the material can be handled in the forms that exist today.
So the word plastic is a way to refer to synthetic materials capable of
entering into a plastic state, but plastic is not necessarily the group of
materials to which this word refers daily.
The properties and characteristics of most plastics (though not always
fulfilled in certain special plastics) are these:
 Easy to work and shape,
 Have a low production cost,
 Possess low density,
 Tend to be waterproof,

 Good electrical insulators,
 Acceptable acoustic insulation,
 Good thermal insulation, but most can not withstand very high
temperatures,
 Resistant to corrosion and many chemical factors;
 Some are not biodegradable or easily recyclable, and if they
burn, are highly polluting.
productive process:
The first part of the production of plastics is the production of
polymers in the chemical industry. Today the recovery of post-
consumer plastic is also essential. Part of the industry-finished plastic
directly used as grain or resin. More frequently, various forms of
molding (injection, compression, rotation, inflation, etc.) or profile
extrusion or yarns are used. Greater part of the plastic process is
performed in a horneadora machine.
2.2.3. CLASSIFICATION OF PLASTICS
This classification is considered the origin of the monomer from
which part of the polymer production.
* Natural: These are polymers whose monomers are derived from
natural products with certain characteristics, for example, cellulose,
casein and rubber. In two of these examples there are other plastics
which come or cellulose derivatives are: the celluloid, cellophane and
Cellon or rubber derivatives include rubber and ebonite.
* Synthetic: Those that originate in man-made, mainly petroleum
products such as polyethylene bags products
According to their behavior in heat.Thermoplastics.
A thermoplastic is a plastic that, at room temperature, is plastic or
deformable, it becomes a liquid when heated and hardens to a glassy
state when cooled sufficiently. Most thermoplastics are high molecular
weight polymers, those with chains associated through weak Van der
Waals forces (polyethylene); strong dipole-dipole interactions and
hydrogen bonding; or even stacked aromatic rings (polystyrene).
Thermoplastic polymers differ from thermoset polymers that after
heated and molded form they can overheat and other objects, as in the
case of thermosetting or thermoset, its shape after cooling does not
change and the preferred fire.
Plans sections and elevations of plastic bittles:
The plans sections and elevation of different types plastic bottles are
shown in the following picture

CHAPTER 2
2.2.4. Q.NO 3: how these materials could be used as a
building materials with reference to case studies
The bottle school by hug studio:
Introduction:
What are bottle schools?
Schools built using plastic bottles stuffed with inorganic trash, known
as ―eco-bricks‖. It takes around 6,500 eco-bricks to build a two-
classroom school.
How to build a bottle school:
1. A lot of plastic bottles and trash need to be collected in order to
make sufficient ―Eco bricks‖, which will be used in place of
cinderblocks or bricks.
2. You need to insert pins (short pieces of rebar) into the columns
and beams before the concrete sets, and then you attach chicken wire
to the pins.
3. Tie eco-bricks to the chicken wire, row by row, and then
stretch another layer of chicken wire over the other side of the Eco
bricks.
4. Add a cement stucco finish so that from the outside, you can’t even
see the bottles.

Why build a bottle school?
The united n dh rights says ―everyone has the right to an education‖.
Our modern consumer culture is generating billions of tons of
inorganic trash every year
Don’t have a way to deal with non-biodegradable trash, and trash is
often burned or ends up in rivers, oceans, streets and countrysides
Bottle schools provide an efficient solution to tackle these two huge
problems at once – and, at the same, they time provide environmental
education, they empower people to learn transferable skills,
5 big wins for environment:
Trash out of the streets
Trash out of the air
Trash out of the water
Trash out of the land
Helping animals avoid trash
5 big wins for children:
Educational opportunity
Girls especially benefit
Pulling communities out of poverty
Environmental education
Empowering youth

CHAPTER 2
5 big wins for community:
Pride and ownership
Participation & solidarity
Enabling leadership
& fostering empowerment
Sustained change
Boost to local economy
Construction:
cleaning the land:
Foundation:

Making eco bricks:
Constructing columns with pins:
Installing chiken wires:

CHAPTER 2
Installing eco bricks:
Installing 2nd
chiken wires:

Finishing with cement:
Decoration:
Final design:
2.5. Conclusions:
The results that has achieved by using bottles as a construction
material for the school, the evolving of community and children
towards such design also the techniques use in the building to provide
a comfortable, environment friendly, and low cast school are the
results and strategies that i well use in my design.

CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER III
3.1. OBJECTIVE:
 Using the same procedure I am going to design a prototype
housing unit for MSW department
3.2. ASPECTS
JUNK AS A BUILDING SYSTEM
JUNK AS AN ASTHETIC MATERIALS
Plastic bottle village to recycle over a million pet bottles
Introductions:
Location: isla colón in bocas del toro, panama
Building typalogy: residence
Founder: robert bezeau
Materials used: recycling plastic bottles
Project scope: 120 houses fro recycled plastic bottles:
Material collections:
Each year, torians buy and dispose of 7 billion plastic water bottles —
that’s not including other beverages that come in plastic containers —
and only 23% are recycled. Finding new and inventive uses for
recycled plastic pet bottles will ensure that the resources used to make
them don’t go to waste. Though we love that companies are making
house paint, decorative objects and furniture out of old plastic bottles,
it is really rad to see a life-saving gadget like a radiation detector being
reused from something that might have ended up in a landfill
otherwise.
Client brief:
Design a villege that preserve the island's luscious surroundings and
diverting toxic materials from the landfill.
Project construction:
Land preparation:
Preparing the steel fram structure:
Erecting the overall entrence:

Steel frame structure for indivisual house chambers : Adding plaster to the steel frames and bottles:

CHAPTER 3
Final design:
3.3. Conclusions:
The plastic bottles can be used as a wall as a decorative
element in the desifn, and also through the design the negaitve
threats that is spreading due to plastic bottles is converting to
benefits by applying the procedure as followed in the design
discussed.
JUNK AS AN ASTHETIC MATERIALS
3.4. PLASTIC BOTTLES AS A DECORATIVE
ELEMENTS:
Veronika richterová’s sculptures are so cute and colorful that it’s hard
to believe they’re made from the same plastic bottles that so many
people dispose of as trash. These incredible sculptures, which number
in the hundreds, give new life to thousands of recycled plastic bottles
that the czech artist collected from around the world. The collection,
called pet-art, features all kinds of playful fauna and flora from an
adorable cactus collection to a cluster of flying fox bats.

CHAPTER 3

3.5. CONCLUSIONS:
The properties of the plastic it is so flexible make it versatile in there
properties and can be moulded into any shapes and size

CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER IV:
4. Site analysis:
4.1. Location:
Abbottabad is a city located in the Hazara region of Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa province, in northeastern Pakistan. The city is situated in
110 kilometres (68 mi) north of the capital Islamabad, 130 kilometres
(81 mi) from Rawalpindi and 150 kilometres (93 mi) northeast of
Peshawar at an altitude of 1,260 metres (4,134 ft)
SITE LOCATION IN ABBOTTABAD:
Lower salhad, Karakoram Highway, Abbottabad, Pakistan
4.2. Climatology:
Abbottabad has a humid subtropical climate, with mild to warm
temperatures during the spring and autumn months, hot temperatures
during June and July, and cool to mild temperatures during the winter.
The temperature can rise as high as 38 °C (100 °F) during the mid-
summer months and drop below −5 °C (23 °F) during the extreme cold
waves. Snowfall occurs occasionally in December and January, though
it is sparse, while the heavy rainfall events occurs during the monsoon
season stretching from July to September that frequently cause
flooding in lower lying parts of the city.
PRECIPITATION

4.3. MACRO ANALYSIS:
Location of salhad in abbottabad
Location of site in salhad
Key plan
Google earth image of the site:

CHAPTER 4
4.4.MICRO ANALYSIS:

4.4.1.Panoramas

CHAPTER 4
4.5.Site selection criteria:
4.5.1.Hard criteria:
 Near to working site
 Enough area
 Owner ship
 Residential area
4.5.2. Soft criteria:
 Material availability
 Ease of working
 supportive
 services
4.6. SWOT
4.6.1. SITE STRENGTHS:
 Access
 Site location
 Views(into the site)
 Services
 Residential area
4.6.2.OPPORTUNITIES:
 Views would be used for required aeas
 Countours can be used as a design element
4.6.3. WEAKNESS
 Clustred area
 Harsh clmatology
 Noise pollution
 Privacy of the residential buildings
 Sun problems
4.6.4.THREATS :
 Drainage system
 Earth quick zone
4.7. PEST ANALYSIS:
4.7.1. POLITICAL:
 The site is in the jurisdictions of MSW.
4.7.2. ECONOMICAL :
 Materials available
 Low cost source
4.7.3. SOCIAL:
 Site used for cultural hub
 The need is supportive by the community
4.7.4. Technological:
 The services are available
 The communal way of construction well be followed

4.8. Conclusions:
By analyzing the site through studying the physical features of the site,
the services available and the nature of the site to be in the residential
area, are the positive acpects that makes suitable the site for a
prototype design.

CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER V:
5. User analysis, Building program and Architect Brief
5.1. User analysis:

Workers table on the basis of grades

CHAPTER 5
5.1.1. USER DATA:
S.NO NAME AGE GRADE FAMILY MEMBERS ABOVE 9 YEARS TOTAL
MEMBERS
RESIDENT OF
1 ABDUL MALIK 43 16 2+2 SONS AND DAUGHTER 1 SON MARRIED+1 9 BALDEIR
2 GUL ZARIN 35 14 3 +1 SONS AND DAUGHTER N/A 6 SEER
3 IRFAN ULLAH 40 6 3+2 SONS AND DAUGHTER 2 SON AND 1 D MRD 9 KAKUL
4 KAMRAN ALI 32 6 2+1 SONS AND DAUGHTER N/A 5 KAKUL
5 ZAKARYA HAIDER 40 6 2+3 SONS AND DAUGHTER 2 SON AND I D MRD 8 BIROTE
6 MOHAMMAD ILYAS 30 6 2+1 SONS AND DAUGHTER N/A 5 CONTONMENT ABBOTTABAD
7 TAUQEER KHAN 32 6 1+2 SONS AND DAUGHTER N/A 5 MANDIA
8 ATIQUE KHAN 42 1 2+2 SONS AND DAUGHTER I DAUG MARRIED 5 MANDIA
9 UZAIR ULLAH 40 1 2+3SONS AND DAUGHTER 2 SON +2 D MRD 9 NARIA
10 FAYAZ ALI 39 1 2+3 SONS AND DAUGHTER 1+1 SON AND D MRD 7 MANDIA
11 SARFARAZ 28 1 1+3 SONS AND DAUGHTER 1+1 SON+1 AND D MR 7 SALHAD/U
12 NIYAZ ALI 29 1 1 SON N/A 3 BALDEIR
13 SADAQAT ALI 30 1 1+1 SONS AND DAUGHTER N/A 4 SALHAD/L
14 TAHIR ZAMAN 23 1 N/A N/A 1 MANDIA
15 MUSLIM SHAH 31 1 1+2 SONS AND DAUGHTER N/A 5 SALHAD/U
16 WAQAR ALI 31 1 2+2 SONS AND DAUGHTER N/A 6 CONTONMENT ABBOTTABAD
17 DANYAL 34 1 2+3 SONS AND DAUGHTER 1 SON MARRIED 6 MANDIA
18 AMIN ULLAH 30 1 2+2 SONS AND DAUGHTER 1 D MARRIED 5 MANDIA
19 SAFDAR ALI 32 1 2+3SONS AND DAUGHTER 2 D MARRIED 5 NARIA
20 SABIR ALI 41 1 3+1 SONS AND DAUGHTER 2 SON +1 D MAR 8 MANDIA
21 M ARSALAM 42 1 2+1 SONS AND DAUGHTER 1+1 SON AND D MRD 5 SALHAD/U
22 FAZAL M 31 1 2+1 SONS AND DAUGHTER 1 D MARRIED 4 BALDEIR
23 IHSAN ZAKA 33 1 3+1 SONS AND DAUGHTER N/A 5 SALHAD/L
24 AMAN ULLAH 25 1 N/A N/A 1 MANDIA
25 RIZWAN ALI 25 1 N/A N/A 1 SALHAD/U
26 INAYAT UR REHMAN 27 1 COUPLE N/A 3 CONTONMENT ABBOTTABAD
27 BAKHTIAR 37 1 1+3 SONS AND DAUGHTER 1+1 SON AND D MRD 7 CONTONMENT ABBOTTABAD
28 ZAIR ULLAH 37 1 2+1 SONS AND DAUGHTER I SON MARRIED 6 SALHAD/U
29 KAMRAN ALI 40 1 2+3SONS AND DAUGHTER 2 SAND 2 D MARRIED 9 BALDEIR
30 SAMI ULLAH 23 1 N/A N/A 1 SALHAD/L
31 AMIN KHAN 34 1 3 +1 SONS AND DAUGHTER N/A 6 SALHAD/U
32 SALIM JAN 33 1 2+2 SONS AND DAUGHTER N/A 6 BALDEIR
33 MAHRAN KHAN 30 1 1+2 SONS AND DAUGHTER N/A 5 SALHAD/L

34 SAJID 41 1 1+3 SONS AND DAUGHTER 1+1 SON AND D MRD 7 MANDIA
35 FAYAZ M 31 1 2+2 SONS AND DAUGHTER I DAUG MARRIED 5 SALHAD/U
36 WAQAR KHAN 33 1 1+1 SONS AND DAUGHTER N/A 4 MANDIA
37 FAZAL M 24 1 N/A N/A 1 SALHAD/U
38 BAKHTIAR M 26 1 1 SON N/A 3 MANDIA
39 WASIM ULLAH 24 1 N/A N/A 1 MANDIA
40 ADAIT ALI 26 1 1+1 SONS AND DAUGHTER N/A 4 BALDEIR
41 SULIMAN 25 1 N/A N/A 1 SALHAD/L
42 USMAN 39 1 2+1 SONS AND DAUGHTER I SON MARRIED 6 BALDEIR
43 JUNAID 39 1 1+2 SONS AND DAUGHTER N/A 5 SEER
44 NABIL M 29 1 2+2 SONS AND DAUGHTER I DAUG MARRIED 5 SEER
45 ZAIN ALI 28 1 1+1 SONS AND DAUGHTER N/A 4 SEER
46 ALI RAZA 23 1 N/A N/A 1 SALHAD/U
47 JAFAR KHAN 42 1 2+2 SONS AND DAUGHTER 1+1 SON AND D MRD 7 SALHAD/U
48 KASHIF 37 1 2+1 SONS AND DAUGHTER I SON MARRIED 6 KAKUL
49 SAQIB KHAN 38 1 2+1 SONS AND DAUGHTER I SON MARRIED 6 KAKUL
TOTAL 256

CHAPTER 5

CHAPTER 6
5.2. Architect Brief
AREA REQUIRED FOR ACCOMMODATIONS:
S.NO NAME STANDARDS NO MARLAS SQFT
1 5 ROOM
CHAMBER
1950-2050 5 7.5 10250
2 4 ROOM
CHAMBER
1650-1850 4 6.8 7400
3 3ROOM
CHAMBER
1400-1550 26 5.5 40300
4 2 ROOM
CHAMBER
950-1050 3 3.8 2100
TOTAL 14.44K 60050
TOTAL COVERED AREA: 60500SQFT
CIRCULATION BY LAWS: 30%
SO TOTAL AREA: 1.3 X 60500SQFT
TOTAL AREA: 78050SQFT
AREA REQUIRED FOR HOSTEL FACILITY:
DELUX ROOMS: 6
AREA REQUIRED FOR 1 DELUX ROOM
= 240 SQFT
TOTAL AREA FOR ROOMS= 240 X 6
= 1400 SQFT
KITCHEN FOR 10 PEOPLE
=100 SQFT
STORE ROOM =144 SQFT
TOTAL AREA: =1914 SQFT
CIRCULATION = 20%
TOTAL AREA = 1.2 X 1914 SQFT
=2296 SQFT
AREA REQUIRED FOR MASGID AND MADRASA:
TOTAL NO OF MALE: 120
PRAYING AREA: 120 X 8 = 960
CIRCULATION = 30%
TOTAL AREA = 1248 SQFT
IMAM ROOM = 160 SQFT
MADRASA 160 X 4 = 640SQFT
ABLUTION AREA 6 X 12 = 124SQFT
POWDER AREA 5 X 44 = 90SQFT
TOILET AREA 2 X 44 = 88SQFT
AREA REQUIRED FOR MULTY PURPUSE HALL:
TOTAL NO OF USERS = 256
ARE FOR I USER = 6 SQFT
TOTAL AREA FOR HALL 6 X 256 = 1536 SQFT
STAGE AREA = 300 SQFT
STORE = 160 SQFT
TOTAL AREA= 2000SQFT
CIRCULATION = 10%
TOTAL AREA = 1.1 X 2000 SQFT
= 2200 SQFT
AREA REQUIRED FOR ADMANISTRATION AREA:
MANAGER ROOM = 160 SQFT
MECHANICAL ROOM = 160 SQFT
SECURITY ROOM = 144 SQFT
ELECTRICAL ROOM = 160 SQFT
PLUMBING ROOM = 144 SQFT
MAINTANANCE ROOM = 160 SQFT

STORAGE ROOM = 160 SQFT
CIRCULATION 20%
TOTAL AREA: 1.2 X 900
= 1150 SQFT
AREA REQUIRED FOR DISPENCRY AREA:
EXAMINATION ROOM = 180 SQFT
TREATMENT ROOM = 225 SQFT
STORAGE ROOM = 160 SQFT
CIRCULATION 30%
TOTAL AREA: 1.3 X 540
= 850 SQFT
AREA REQUIRED FOR MARKET AREA :
GREEN GROCERY 2 = 288 SQFT
GROCERY 2 = 288 SQFT
MEDICAL STORE = 144 SQFT
TANDOOR = 160 SQFT
GENERAL STORES 2 = 288 SQFT
TOTAL AREA = 1152SQFT
CIRCULATION 30%
TOTAL AREA: 1.3 X 1152 SQFT
= 1497 SQFT
AREA REQUIRED FOR PARKING:
VEHICLES 10 = 1400 SQFT
MOTOR CYCLES 12 = 860 SQFT
BUSSES 2 = 364 SQFT
CIRCULATION 30%
TOTAL AREA: 1.3 X 2995 SQFT = 3560 SQFT
ARCHETECT BRIEF:
S.N NAME TOTAL AREA
1 ACCOMODATION 78065 SQFT
2 HOSTEL FACILITY 2296 SQFT
3 PARKING FACILITY 3560 SQFT
4 MASJID AND MADRASA 3618 SQFT
5 MULTY PURPOSE HALL 2200 SQFT
6 MARKET 2500 SQFT
7 ADMANISTRATION 1150 SQFT
8 DISPENCRY 850 SQFT
TOTAL DESIGN AREA 98673 SQFT
TOTAL COVERED AREA: = 98673 SQFT
RATIO BETWEEN COVERED AND OPEN AREA = 60:40
SO TOTAL AREA REQUIRED FOR THE DESIGN
= 148142 SQFT

CHAPTER 6
CHAPTER VI:
6.1. DESIGN CONCEPT:
6.1.1.Programatic distruction:
Architecture of disjunction whose primary purpose was to upset the
architectural assumptions regarding systems.
in other words, attempted to demonstrate that complex architecture
can be organized without reference to the traditional rules of
composition, hierarchy, and order (wigley, 1993)
6.2. SKHEMATICS AND BUBBLE DIAGRAM:

6.3. ZOONING:

CHAPTER 6
6.4. FORM DEVELOPMENT:

CHAPTER 6
6.5. FINAL MASTER PLAN:

6.6. Drawings

CHAPTER 6

CHAPTER 6
Section I-I’

CHAPTER 6
6.7. 3D VIEWS:

CHAPTER 6
6.8. Interior Views

References:
https://issuu.com/richasarin/docs/richa_sarin_art_design_technolo
gy_i
http://www.archdaily.com/92321/ad-classics-parc-de-la-villette-
bernard-tschumi/5037f58a28ba0d599b00068d-ad-classics-parc-de-
la-villette-bernard-tschumi-photo
http://www.archdaily.com/101797/cubby-house-edwards-
moore?ad_medium=widget&ad_name=navigation-prev
http://www.fosterandpartners.com/projects/carr%C3%A9-dart/
BOOKS:
FORM SPACE AND ORDER
TSS URBAN PLANING
DAVID ADLAR MARTIC HAND BOOK

CREATING NEW FORM OF ARCHITECTURE USING ENTITIES THAT GOES WASTED

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