the business model report, treatment of wastewater using low-cost adsorbent, treatment of effluent water pmms project pmms project report 2021, for final year student

1. i
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
A BUSSINESS
MODEL REPORT
ON
“ TREATMENT OF
WASTE WATER USING
LOW COST ADSORBENT”
Under subject of
PROJECT MONITORING
AND MENTORING SYSTEM
Semester-8
Chemical Engineering Department
SUBMITTED BY:
GROUP ID
:125077
Sr
no
NAME En. NO
1 DHOLU MONIKKUMAR 170170105015
2 GAJERA HIMANSHUKUMAR 170170105016
3 GAMIT HARSHAL 170170105017
4 GAMIT YASH 170170105018
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:
Prof. Z.Z.PAINTER
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT:
Prof. FEMINA PATEL

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VISHWAKARMA GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, CHANDKHEDA
YEAR (2020-2021)

3. ii
CERTIFICATE
Date: / /2021
This is to certify that the project report entitled “TREATMENT OF
WASTE WATER USING LOW COST ADSORBENT” has been carried out
by DHOLU MONIKKUMAR Enrollment no. 170170105015 under my guidance
in fulfillment of the subject PROJECT MONITORING AND MENTORING
SYSTEM of Bachelor of Engineering in CHEMICAL Engineering (Semester
8)of Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad during the Academic year2020-
21.
Prof. Z.Z.
PAINTER
Internal Guide
External Examiner Prof. FEMINA
PATEL
HOD

4. iii
CERTIFICATE
Date: / /2021
This is to certify that the project report entitled “TREATMENT OF
WASTE WATER USING LOW COST ADSORBENT” has been carried out
by GAJERA HIMANSHUKUMAR Enrollment no. 170170105016 under my
guidance in fulfillment of the subject PROJECT MONITORING AND
MENTORING SYSTEM of Bachelor of Engineering in CHEMICAL
Engineering (Semester 8) of Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad
during the Academic year2020-21.
Prof. Z.Z.
PAINTER
Internal Guide
External Examiner Prof. FEMINA
PATEL
HOD

5. iv
CERTIFICATE
Date: / /2021
This is to certify that the project report entitled “TREATMENT OF
WASTE WATER USING LOW COST ADSORBENT” has been carried out
by GAMIT HARSHAL Enrollment no. 170170105017 under my guidance in
fulfillment of the subject PROJECT MONITORING AND MENTORING
SYSTEM of Bachelor of Engineering in CHEMICAL Engineering (Semester
8)of Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad during the Academic year2020-
21.
Prof. Z.Z.
PAINTER
Internal Guide
External Examiner Prof. FEMINA
PATEL
HOD

6. v
CERTIFICATE
Date: / /2021
This is to certify that the project report entitled “TREATMENT OF
WASTE WATER USING LOW COST ADSORBENT” has been carried out
by GAMIT YASH Enrollmentno.170170105018 under my guidance infulfillment of
the subject PROJECT MONITORING AND MENTORING SYSTEM of
Bachelor of Engineering in CHEMICAL Engineering (Semester 8) of Gujarat
Technological University, Ahmedabad during the Academic year2020-21.
Prof. Z.Z.
PAINTER
Internal Guide
External Examiner Prof. FEMINA
PATEL
HOD

7. vi
INDEX
1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS
3.1 Key partners
3.2 Key activities
3.3Key resources
3.4Value proposition
3.5 Channel
3.6Customer relation
3.7Customer segment
3.8Cost structure
3.9Revenue model

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
During this semester, long project several people have provided many form
of help and support. Firstly we would like to thank PROF. Z Z PAINTER
(Chemical Engineering Department, VGEC) for being our project guide and for
continuous guidance throughout the project. Secondly, we would like to thank our
colleagues who have provided ideas, been cooperative and work as a really great
team in if there are differences of opinion.
Finally, we would like to thank PROF. FEMINA PATEL (HOD, Chemical
Engineering Department, VGEC) and all the faculty at VGEC who helped us to
develop the skills necessary to tackle this project. Without them we would not
have the skills to undertake this project.
Last, but not least, we would like to thank the authors of various research
papers, books and blog post that we referred to during the course of the
project.

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INTRODUCTION
• ADSORPTION:
Adsorption is a fundamental process in the physiochemical treatment of wastewater,
a treatment which can economically meet today's higher effluent standards and water re-
use requirements.
• Adsorption is a mass transfer process which involves the accumulation of substances
at the interface of two phases, such as, gas–liquid, gas– solid, or liquid– solid interface.
• Adsorbents:
Adsorbents are used usually in the form of spherical, pellets, rods,
.
high abrasion resistance,
high thermal stability,
small pores diameters,
It results in higher exposed surface area and hence high capacity for adsorption.
Adsorption Process
1.Mechanisms and definitions
• Adsorption is a mass transfer process which involves the accumulation of substances
at the interface of two phases, such as, liquid–liquid, gas–liquid, gas–solid or liquid–
solid interface.
• The substance being adsorbed is the adsorbate and the adsorbing material is termed
the adsorbent.
• The properties of adsorbates and adsorbents are quite specific and depend upon their
constituents.
• If the interaction between the solid surface and the adsorbed molecules has a physical
nature, the process is called physisorption.
• To obtain aesthetic quality of water using wastage of agriculture and industrial by
formation of low cost adsorbent.
• To develop low cost adsorbent from the industrial waste of tur-dal husk by
carbonization of husk and by activation of husk with sulphuric acid to increase its
porosity.
• If the interaction between the solid surface and the adsorbed molecules has a physical

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nature, the process is called physisorption.
• To obtain aesthetic quality of water using wastage of agriculture and industrial by
formation of low cost adsorbent.
• To develop low cost adsorbent from the industrial waste of tur-dal husk by
carbonization of husk and by activation of husk with sulphuric acid to increase its
porosity.
• To increase adsorption capacity of low cost adsorbent by treating with alkali and
solvent to improve its efficiency.
• To attempt and provide an easy and economical, reliable method for the removal of
dyes.
2. Characteristics of activated carbons
• activated carbon is one of the most effective media for removing a wide range of
contaminants from industrial and municipal waste waters, landfill leachate and
contaminated groundwater.
• The activated carbon is produced from various raw materials and, therefore, it
presents different properties.
• Apart from the raw material, the specific properties of the coal also depend on the
particular activation process employed, which may be conducted by physical
processes, by contact with a high temperature steam flow (800-1000°C) or, by
chemical with use of acids.
• it is evident that raw material can be modified to develop desirable physic-chemical
properties such as (i) specific surface area, (ii) pore-size distribution, (iii) pore
volume and (iv) presence of surface functional groups.
• As the agents include organic and mineral acids (HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, acetic acid,
citric acid and formic acid), bases and basic solutions (NaOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2 and
CaCl2), oxidizing agents (H2O2 and KMnO4)

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BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS
1. In business model canvas we have to add such below point to conclude our
activities.
1.Key partners
2. Key activities
3. Key resources
4. Value proposition
5. Channel
6. Customer relationship
7. Customer segment
8. Cost structure
9. Revenue stream
Business Model Canvas
Designed for: Designed by: Date: Version:
Key Partners
Cost Structure
Key Activities
Key Resources
Value Propositions Customer Relationships
Channels
Customer Segments
Revenue Streams
Who are our Key Partners?
Who are our key suppliers?
Which Key Resources are we
acquiring from partners?
Which Key Activities do
partners perform?
MOTIVATIONS FOR
PARTNERSHIPS:
Optimization and economy,
Reduction of risk and
uncertainty, Acquisition of
particular resources and
activities
What Key Activities do our
Value Propositions require?
Our Distribution Channels?
Customer Relationships?
Revenue streams?
CATEGORIES:
Production, Problem Solving,
Platform/Network
What value do we deliver to
the customer? Which one of
our customer’s problems are
we helping to solve? What
bundles of products and
services are we offering to
each Customer Segment?
Which customer needs are we
satisfying?
CHARACTERISTICS:
Newness, Performance,
Customization, “Getting the
Job Done”, Design, Brand/
Status, Price, Cost Reduction,
Risk Reduction, Accessibility,
Convenience/Usability
What type of relationship does
each of our Customer
Segments expect us to
establish and maintain with
them? Which ones have we
established? How are they
integrated with the rest of our
business model? How costly
are they?
For whom are we creating
value? Who are our most
important customers? Is our
customer base a Mass Market,
Niche Market, Segmented,
Diversified, Multi-sided
Platform
What Key Resources do our
Value Propositions require?
Our Distribution Channels?
Customer Relationships
Revenue Streams?
TYPES OF RESOURCES:
Physical, Intellectual (brand
patents, copyrights, data),
Human, Financial
Through which Channels do
our Customer Segments want
to be reached? How are we
reaching them now? How are
our Channels integrated?
Which ones work best? Which
ones are most cost-efficient?
How are we integrating them
with customer routines?
What are the most important costs inherent in our business model? Which Key
Resources are most expensive? Which Key Activities are most expensive?
IS YOUR BUSINESS MORE: Cost Driven (leanest cost structure, low price value
proposition, maximum automation, extensive outsourcing), Value Driven (focused on
value creation, premium value proposition).
SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS: Fixed Costs (salaries, rents, utilities), Variable costs,
Economies of scale, Economies of scope
For what value are our customers really willing to pay? For what do they currently
pay? How are they currently paying? How would they prefer to pay? How much does
each Revenue Stream contribute to overall revenues?
TYPES: Asset sale, Usage fee, Subscription Fees, Lending/Renting/Leasing,
Licensing, Brokerage fees, Advertising
FIXED PRICING: List Price, Product feature dependent, Customer segment
dependent, Volume dependent
DYNAMIC PRICING: Negotiation (bargaining), Yield Management, Real-time-Market
Startup Name Name1, Name2, … DD/MM/YYYY X.Y
Designed by: The Business Model Foundry (www.businessmodelgeneration.com/canvas). PowerPoint implementation by: Neos Chronos Limited (https://neoschronos.com). License: CC BY-SA 3.0

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• Thus business model canvas can be used to visualize such customer expectations and
market problems. This exercise will increase the market strategy and implementation of
technology. This will make them more effective in market.
• This exercise brings discussions on viability and cost effectiveness into picture with their
impact. This exercise will enable us to have knowledge on the steps required to ensure
that a solution they develop via project should have a user who can afford it with desired
needs. This exercise helps us to understand the true value of the proposed solution.
• Business Model Canvas is used to validate the market significance of products and
services which will be of technology nature in this case. Technology projects are often
solutions or processes that solve a technical problem. However the market implementation
of such solutions also require that the problem solution is designed to overcome not just
the technical barriers but also market and business related barriers of costs, customer
reach and collaborations and those that pertain to the practical nature of limited initial
capacities within the team.

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CONTENT
1. KEY PARTNERS
In this we can do partnership with different companies according to our product. By doing this
we can get the idea about what is market scenario, optimization in product and cost can be
achieved, from where we can get the raw material of our product.
• Chemical engineer
• Mechanical engineer
• Dye and intermediate mfg. unit
2. KEY ACTIVITIES
In this we are made aware about how will they represent their product to customers. They can use
the following for marketing of the product.
• Uses of organic waste
• Treatment if water
• Activation
3. KEY RESOURCES
In this one can directly come in contact with customer requirement. In this they will aware the
customer about their product. How it is usable and beneficial over the conventional product and
which kind of services they will provide to customers.
• ETP & CETP plants
• Dye and intermediate mfg. plant
4. VALUE PROPOSITION
In this one can directly come in contact with customer requirement. In this they will aware the
customer about their product. How it is usable and beneficial over the conventional product and
which kind of services they will provide to customers.
• Less cost as compare to traditional method
• Effective treatment

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5. CHANNEL
In this we got to know about how they will approach customers, which media they should select
for the marketing of their product.
• Advertisement
• Journal of chemical engineer
• Social media
6. CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP
In this section we get to know about how they will manage the relationship with customer by
giving them lucrative services.
• Less cost as compare to traditional treatment method
7. CUSTOMER SEGMENT
In this section, customers are bifurcate according to their product usage & to which kind of
customer they can sell their product.
• ETP & CETP Plant
• Dye and intermediate mfg. plant
8. COST STRUCTURE
They can attract customers towards their product by giving them lucrative offers in cost. In which
department, they should have to invest most.
• Environment friendly
• Cost effective
• Latest concept
• Safe and reliable
9. REVENUE STREAM
• Volume dependant
• Uses fee
• Customer segment dependant
10.CONCLISION
Here We are developing an adsorbent based method for the treatment of effluent water of
the dye and intermediate industry, here we using organic waste material for making
adsorbent (ex. neem barks, walnut shell). here an activated adsorbent absorb heavy metal and
treat effluent.

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