The document discusses turning waste into a resource by reducing, reusing, and recycling. It notes that global waste is expected to grow significantly by 2050 and waste covers valuable land and produces pollution. The objectives are to eliminate waste through reducing, reusing and recycling techniques while raising global awareness. The research will focus on minimizing environmental effects of waste and creating awareness in Peshawar, which is one of the most polluted cities in the world. Various methods to benefit from waste include reusing it, reducing it, and recycling it into new products. Case studies from other countries demonstrate successful minimization of waste's negative impacts.

1. Turning Waste Into Resources
WASTE:
An unwanted materials and objects that people have thrown away. It is often
also called trash, garbage, rubbish, or junk. ... When waste is a liquid or gas, it
can be called an emission. This is usually pollution.
INTRODUCTION
Waste is the by-product of man and is produced ever yday. It includes all
unwanted or unusable items, remains, byproducts and household garbage. A
man produce 0.74 kg garbage per day , 6.5 million of garbage are thrown into
the ocean ever y year , which means 730 tons per hour. Global waste is
expected to grow significantly upto 70% by 2050 , which means global waste
will increase 3.40 billion tons. Waste is covering our valuable land and it also
produce toxic pollutants , landfilling is the predominant form of waste
processing in pakistan , it is the most well established and prevalent
infrastructure for waste management.
𝑴𝑶𝑯𝑰𝑩 𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐀𝐇 #𝟏𝟑
BATCH # 13

2. There are various type of wastes such as Domestic waste (houses) ,
Industrial waste ,Biomedical , Agricultural , Animal and Nuclear waste.
Motivation
Waste sector ranked the fourth biggest emission contributor among all sectors
that accounted 11% . Pakistan is among 12th worst countries in Environmental
Pollution. 135,000 deaths per year are attributed to ambient air pollution. It also
reduced life expectancy by 60 months. Peshawar as a 2nd polluted city in the
world while Rawalpindi on 4th , Karachi on 14th and Lahore on 52nd as world
polluted cities.
By recycling one ton of organic waste it reduce 0.5 ton of CO2 green house gas
emissions. Sweden produce 1% of trash that ends up in a landfill the rest of it is
being recycled or burned for energy purpose. They also import 700,000 tons of
trash from Europe , 8.5% of electricity are generated from burning of waste.
According to EPA (environmental protection agency) flaming trash creates
1355kg of CO2 per megawatt hour , while coal makes 1020 kg of CO2 and
natural gas makes 515 kg per MWh.

3. Waste is an efficient way of energy and always very good way to reduce our
environmental impact. Singapore generate 1600 MWh per day, that is
enough to power about 125,000 four room HDB flats.
There is no such awareness about waste in Pakistan to strengthen the
recycling concept in Pakistan , more education and awareness campaigns
need to take place . People need to get involved and feel like they are
making a difference in protecting their environment.
Objectives :
Annihilate waste through reducing , reusing and recycling techniques.
Creating a change in perception and raising a global awareness for the
long term.
To educate and spread environmental awareness amongst the general
public.

4. Scope and limitation :
The focus is to eliminate the waste from Peshawar as it is the 2nd polluted city in the world .
Peshawar (khyber pass) is the major trade route which connects with other central asian
The research will be limited to the Peshawar city only , like how to minimize the environmental
effects of waste and how to create awareness among the people of Peshawar.
Description of the research work :
There are various method to get benefits from waste we can re-use it again to fulfill our need,
also we can also reduce it while promoting awareness about zero waste and the effects of
house gasses to people that how it endanger our environment and health and the other
to get advantage from waste is to recycle it by making new product.
Case studies of similar projects around the world , they have almost same issue and they are
successful in minimizing the awful effects of solid waste, examples are Sweden , Singapore , Usa
Uk , India, Indonesia and Philippines etc.

5. Conclusion :
According to the WHO, only 1 in 10 people breathes safe and clean air. In order to combat such
problem, we must first be able to understand the scope and impact of air pollution. 56% of the
cities and towns being monitored have an average air pollution level 3.5-times more than what
set by WHO. 87% of the deaths from air pollution also happen in most low and middle-income
countries.Between, 2008 and 2013, pollution levels around the globe increased by 8%, higher
than any other time period in the history of the world.
Plastic the major issue in all around the world we can recycle it as new product in the form of
some other daily base plastic products and we can also make plastic tiles from it which can be
used in the pavements or in the inside of a buildings. Singapore burn the waste to generate
electricity the ash remains after burning are brought into the lake and earth layer are placed
it and after that plantation are done in it which gives rise to growth of plants and trees and thus
making the environment better. The carbon produce during waste to energy plant will also be
reduced due to these green spaces. Biodegradable waste can be used in fertilizer and bio plant
well to produce gas. So we need to built a recycling centre to recycle all these waste and
energy from it and also there is a need awareness among the people to get loyal to the
environment to reduce the negative effect happens from waste.

6. List of Case Studies :
1 Waste to Energy Plant by Bjarke Ingels (Denmark)
2 Bozen waste to energy plant by Cl & aa Architects (Italy)
3 Waste to Energy plant by schdmit hammer and gottlieb paludan
List of References / literature studies for thesis research work:
1 www.archdaily.com/339893/bigs-waste-to-energy-plant-breaks-ground-breaks-schemas
2 www.archdaily.com/506227/bozen-waste-to-energy-plant-cl-and-aa-architects
3 www.archdaily.com/781588/schmidt-hammer-lassen-and-gottlieb-paludan-to-design-worlds-largest-waste-to-
energy-plant-in-shenzhen?ad_medium=widget&ad_name=recommendation
4 Building From waste
5 Architecture and waste
6 Air pollution , health and environmental impacts by Bholar R. Gurjar

7. Identification of Project Site and a Proposed Buiding Type:
Project site is Peshawar and Proposed Building will be divided into 3 zones , in the first zone
there will be research labs and lecture halls for the scientist to carry out their experiments and
also for the students to attend the lectures regarding to environmental problem and how to
over it , the second zone will consist of a Park which will be used by public and employees
working there , the third zone will consist or recycling plant where the waste will be treated to
get recycled or to produce energy.