Parasitology LAB

1. StuDocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Nematodes - Intestinal and Extraintestinal; Aphasmid and
Phasmid
Medical Laboratory Science (Angeles University Foundation)
StuDocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Nematodes - Intestinal and Extraintestinal; Aphasmid and
Phasmid
Medical Laboratory Science (Angeles University Foundation)
Downloaded by Hussein Nawab (husseinnawab57@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|12684632

2. Parasite
Common
Name
Identifying
Characteristics
Infective
Stage
Mode of
Transmission
Drug of
Choice
Intestinal
Phasmid
Ascaris
lumbricoides
Giant Intestinal
This worm has a so-
called “polymyarian
type” of somatic
muscle
arrangement. The
whitish or pinkish
worms are large,
males: 10 to 31 cm
and females: 22 to
35 cm in length,
with smooth striated
cuticles. The worms
have a terminal
mouth with three
lips and sensory
papillae.
Embryona
ted ova
Ingestion/Swallo
wing of eggs from
soil contaminated
with human feces
or consumed with
produce
contaminated
with soil
containing
infective eggs.
Mebendazo
le
Pyrantel
pamoate
Albendazol
e
Aphasmid
Capillaria
philippinensis
Pudocworm
This parasite
characteristically
has a thin
filamentous anterior
end and a slightly
thicker and shorter
posterior end. Male
worms (Plate 3.15):
1.5 to 3.9 mm in
length; Females
(Plate 3.16): 2.3 to
5.3 mm long. Male
spicule: 230 to 300
μm long; has an
unspined sheath.
The esophagus has
stichocytes.
L2 larva
Ingestion;
decomposition of
infected animals
via eggs in the
liver being
released into the
soil.
Mebendazo
le
Downloaded by Hussein Nawab (husseinnawab57@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|12684632

3. Phasmid
Enterobius
vermicularis
Pin worm/Seat
worm
This is classified as
meromyarian.
Adult worms have
cuticular alar
expansions (Plate
3.13). Small adult
female worm: 8 to
13 mm by 0.4 mm;
has a long-pointed
tail. Uteri of gravid
females are
distended with eggs.
Male: 2 to 5 mm by
0.1 to 0.2 mm; has a
curved tail and a
single spicule.
Rhabditiform larva:
140 to 150 μm by 10
μm; has esophageal
bulb; no cuticular
expansion on the
anterior end. Eggs
(Plate 3.14):
asymmetrical, with
one side flattened
and the other side
convex; range from
50 to 60 μm by 20 to
30 μm in size
averaging 55 by 36
μm.
Embryona
ted ova
Direct transfer of
infected eggs by
hand from the
anus to the mouth
of the same or
another person;
Indirectly through
bedding, clothing,
food or other
articles.
Mebendazo
le
Albendazol
e
Pyrantel
pamoate
Phasmid Human
Hookworms
1. Necator
Americanu
s
Human
Hookworms
1. American
hookwor
m/Americ
All hookworms have
the meromyarian
type of somatic
muscle with two to
five cells arranged
Rhabditifo
rm larva
(feeding)
Filariform
larva
Skin penetration;
Direct ingestion
of infected larvae
via contaminated
fruits or
Mebendazo
le
Pyrantel
pamoate
Oxantel
Downloaded by Hussein Nawab (husseinnawab57@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|12684632

4. 2. Ancylosto
ma
duodenale
3. Ancylosto
ma
ceylanicu
m
Animal
Hookworms
1. Ancylosto
ma
braziliens
e
2. Ancylosto
ma
caninum
an
murderer
/
New
world
hookwor
m
2. Old world
hookwor
m
Animal
Hookworms
1. Cat
hookwor
m
2. Dog
hookwor
m
per dorsal or ventral
half. N. americanus
adults are small,
cylindrical, fusiform,
grayish-white
nematodes. Females
(9- 11 mm by 0.35
mm) are larger than
males (5-9 mm by
0.30 mm).
(infective) vegetables.
Ferrous
sulfate
Phasmid Strongyloides
stercoralis
Threadworm 2.2 mm by 0.04 mm,
colorless, semi-
transparent, with a
finely striated
cuticle; has a
slender tapering
anterior end and a
short conical
pointed tail. The
short buccal cavity
has four indistinct
lips. The uteri
contain a single file
of 8 to 12 thin-
shelled, transparent,
segmented ova, 50
Rhabditifo
rm larva
(feeding)
Filariform
larva
(infective)
Contact with soil
that is
contaminated
with free-living
larvae
Thiabendaz
ole
Albendzole
Downloaded by Hussein Nawab (husseinnawab57@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|12684632

5. to 58 μm by 30 to 34
μm.
Aphasmid
Trichuris
trichiura
Whipworm
Male worm (Plate
3.5a): 30 to 45 mm
whil female: 35 to
50 mm long. The
female (Plate 3.5b)
has a blunt posterior
end, while the male
has a coiled
posterior with a
single spicule and
retractile sheath.
The worms have an
attenuated anterior
three-fifths
traversed by a
narrow esophagus
resembling a string
of beads. The robust
posterior two-fifths
contain the intestine
and a single set of
reproductive
organs.
Embryona
ted ova
Ingestion of
infective eggs
from
contaminated
soils, hands, food,
or water.
Mebendazo
le
Extraintestinal
Aphasmid
Lymphatic
filarial
Adults are elongate
and threadlike.
Microfilariae are
250 to 300 μm long,
equal in diameter to
a red blood cell, and
sheathed.
Third-
stage
filarial lar
vae
Person to person
by mosquito bites.
Diethylcarb
amazine
(DEC)
Phasmid Parastrongylus
cantonensis
Rat lungworm The adult worm,
which is pale and
filiform, has a length
L2 larva Food-borne
routes, ingestion
of raw or
No
anthelmint
hic
Downloaded by Hussein Nawab (husseinnawab57@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|12684632

6. of 17 to 25 mm
(Plate 3.29). Male
worms: 16 to 22 mm
in length and 0.25 to
0.35 mm in
diameter. They have
a well-developed
caudal bursa.
Female worms
measure 19 to 33
mm in length and
0.28 to 0.50 mm in
diameter. The
female worms have
uterine tubules. This
arrangement is
usually described as
the “barber’s pole”
pattern.
insufficiently
cooked
contaminated
molluscs,
crustacean, or
other hosts; or
ingestion of
vegetables
contaminated
with infectious
larvae.
treatment
is
recommend
ed at
present.
Aphasmid Trichinella
spiralis
Trichina wom The adult male,
which measures
0.62 to 1.58 mm by
0.025 to 0.033 mm,
has a single testis
located near the
posterior end of the
body, and is joined
in the mid-body by
the genital tube
which, in turn,
extends back to the
cloaca. The
posteriorly-located
cloaca has a pair of
caudal appendages
and two pairs of
Encysted
larva
Consumption of
animal meat
infected with
pathogenic cysts,
encasing T. spirali
s larvae.
Mebendazo
le
Albendazol
e
Downloaded by Hussein Nawab (husseinnawab57@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|12684632

7. papillae. The adult
female measures
about 1.26 to 3.35
mm by 0.029 to
0.038 mm, and has a
single ovary.
References:
Belizario, Jr., V. & de Leon, W. (2013). Medical Parasitology in the Philippines (3rd
ed.).
Ascariasis (roundworm infection). Retrieved from https://www2.health.vic.gov.au/public-health/infectious-
diseases/disease-information-advice/ascariasis-roundworm-infection
Parasites - Capillariasis (also known as Capillaria Infection). (2012). Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/capillaria/faqs.html
Pinworm (threadworm) infection. Retrieved from https://www2.health.vic.gov.au/public-health/infectious-
diseases/disease-information-advice/pinworm
Mode of Transmission of Hookworm. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.aarogya.com/conditions-and-
diseases/hookworm/mode-of-transmission-of-hookworm.html
Parasites – Strongyloides. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/strongyloides/gen_info/faqs.html
Trichuris trichiura. (2010). Retrieved from https://www.msdsonline.com/resources/sds-resources/free-safety-data-
sheet-index/trichuris-trichiura/
Cross, J. Chapter 92: Filarial Nematodes. (1996). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7844/
Parasites - Lymphatic Filariasis. (2018). Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lymphaticfilariasis/gen_info/faqs.html
Downloaded by Hussein Nawab (husseinnawab57@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|12684632