2. The Coordinate Sytem
• Coordinate System
- is an organized way of uniquely defining the
location of a point using a number or a set of
numbers
Ex. Cartesian Coordinate System
-this system uses an ordered pair of numbers
that specifies the unique location of a point
3. The Coordinate Sytem
• Each line in the Cartesian coordinate system is
called an axis.
• The horizontal line is the x-axis and the vertical
line is the y-axis.
• The value along the x-axis is the coordinate
system (abscissa) and the value along the y-axis
is the y-coordinate (ordinate)- forming an ordered
pairs.
4. The Coordinate Sytem
• An ordered pair is composed of the x- and y-
coordinates. Example: ( 0, 0 )
• The origin is the point of intersection of the x- and
the the y-axis.
5.
6. Variants of the Coordinate System
One-Dimensional System
• This coordinate system uses a number line.
• There is a defined zero (0) position.
• Points to the left are labelled to have negative
negative coordinates and those to the right are
labelled positive.
7. Variants of the Coordinate System
Three-Dimensional Coordinate System and
Other Coordinate Systems
• The x- and the y- coordinates are given an
additional coordinate, the z-coordinate (the form
becomes (x, y, z).
• The following are some of the coordinate systems;
polar, cylindrical, and spherical coordinate systems.
8. Earth’s Coordinate System
Two (2) Popular Coordinate System Followed in
Locating Places on Earth
(1) Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) System
(2) Geographic Coordinate System
9. Earth’s Coordinate System
The UTM System
• The Mercator projection uses a cylindrical projection, which
means that the Earth is considered to be encircled by an
imaginary cylinder that touches the equator.
• It was introduced by Gerardus Mercator in 1569.
• It is also referred to as cylindrical projection.
• This system is conformal, which means that the angles and
small shapes on the globe are projected as similar angles or
shapes on the map.
10. Earth’s Coordinate System
Geographic Coordinate System or Terrestrial
Coordinate System
• It is the system you use to locate places on Earth.
• If the Cartesian coordinate system uses x- and y- axes,
the terrestrial coordinate system uses latitude and
longitude (measured in degrees).
• The references used as bases are the equator and the
prime meridian.
• Claudius Ptolemy, an ancient Greco-Egyptian
astronomer, used lines of latitude and longitude to locate
places on a map in his book.
11. Earth’s Coordinate System
Geographic Coordinate System or Terrestrial
Coordinate System
• LATITUDE is measured in degrees north or south of the
equator.
• LONGITUDE is measured in degrees east or west of
the prime meridian or the Greenwich meridian.
• The EQUATOR is a great circle, it is an imaginary
horizontal line on Earth’s surface that divides the planet
into two hemispheres (northern and southern
hemispheres).
12. Earth’s Coordinate System
Geographic Coordinate System or Terrestrial
Coordinate System
• The PRIME MERIDIAN is an imaginary vertical line that
divides Earth into east and west.
• The equator is referred to as the 0˚ latitude and the
prime meridian is known as the 0˚longitude.
• A meridian is a line of longitude that is half of Earth’s
great circle.
• From the prime meridian toward another meridian
halfway around the globe, a total of 180˚ can be made.
13. Earth’s Coordinate System
Geographic Coordinate System or Terrestrial
Coordinate System
• From the prime meridian toward another meridian
halfway around the globe, a total of 180˚ can be
made.
• These measures divide Earth into another pair of
hemispheres: the western and the eastern
hemispheres.
