The document discusses the Chernobyl disaster, the worst man-made disaster in history. On April 26, 1986, a explosion occurred at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine. The explosion was caused by operator error during a safety test which allowed the reactor power to rapidly increase out of control. This caused a fire and the nuclear reactor core was exposed, releasing massive amounts of radiation. Nearby cities had to be evacuated and large areas became uninhabitable for decades due to high radiation levels. The disaster directly caused dozens of deaths and long term effects included many cases of thyroid cancer and other illnesses. Even today, the area around the plant is highly contaminated and will likely remain uninhabitable for over

2. Introduction
 A man-made disasters is a disaster resulting from
human intent, negligence, or error.
 Manmade disasters can be both intentional and
unintentional. It results in huge loss of life and
property. It further affects a person's mental,
physical and social well-being.

4. Reasons For Man-Made Disasters
 There are multiple factor that
may relate to manmade
disasters
 Ignorance
 Unawareness
 Illiteracy
 Carelessly handling danger
 Chemical
 Weapons

5. Types of Man Made Disasters

6. Nuclear Disaster
Nuclear disaster are the
types of disaster that falls
in this category is nuclear
bomb. When this occurs,
it is often as a result of
intent and the end results
are even more
catastrophic with a large
percentage of those
involved losing their lives.

7. Chemical Disasters/Industrial
Disasters
By their nature, the
manufacture, storage, and
transport of chemicals are
accidents waiting to
happen. Chemicals can be
toxic, and they may react,
often explosively. The
impacts of chemical
accidents can be deadly,
for both human beingenvironments.

8. Fire disasters
Bush fires, forest
fires, and mine fires
are generally started
by lightning, but also
by human negligence
or arson. They can
burn thousands of
square kilometers

9. Deforestation
Forest is an
important source
for satisfying
people's demands
and needs. Thus,
undoubtedly people
would try to exploit
forest resources.
This process of
exploiting forest is
called
deforestation.

10. Historical Examples of man made disasters

11. 1. London’s Killer Fog

12. 2. The Al-Mishraq Fire

13. 3. Dioxin Pollution

14. Precautions for man made
disasters

15. Nuclear Accidents:
1.
One should not look at the
fire as it causes instant
blindness
2.
Should close all doors and
windows as radioactivity
does not penetrate into
solid structures
3.
Cover all food and water

16. Chemical Agents
1.
Use protective equipment.
2.
Give quick and correct selfaid when contaminated.
3.
Avoid areas where
chemical agents exist.
4.
Decontaminate your
equipment and body as
soon as possible.

17. Fire Accidents
1.
The biggest main reason
might be poor wiring and
faulty electrical equipment,
leaking gas or carelessly
thrown cigarettes and
matches.
2.
Wires should be properly
covered.
3.
Inflammable things should
be kept safely.
4.
Power points should not be
overloaded.

18. Case Study
Chernobyl Disaster

20. Introduction
 Chernobyl disaster is considered to be the worst
catastrophic (Manmade disaster) in history.
Chernobyl was a nuclear power plant that was
located 80 miles north of Kiev, which is now the
‘Ukraine’. Chernobyl was a part of the city
‘Pripyat’.

22. What Happened?
 On 26th April 1986, at 1:23 P.M. blast occurred
in the 4th reactor. The reactor 4 suffered
power increase leading to explosion from
core. The two engineers present in the 4th
reactor were Alexander Akimov and Leonid
Toptunov. Whereas Leonid was present at
the time of blast as he was a young engineer
with a 3 months experience.

24. How did it happen?
The obvious reason that can be stated is
‘Operator error’. Maybe the operator was not
experienced enough to control the reactor.
Another reason was that the, operator allowed
to much water flow in the tank that caused the
speed of the turbine to increase uncontrollably.
Additionally normal safety rules were not
followed. Example the regulation required at
least 15 controlled rods but at the time of the
explosion there were on 10 rods intact.

25. RMBK
The Chernobyl plant showed the RBMK design characteristics. Excessive
supply of cold watch and the attachment of only 10 rods led to the explosion.

26. Arial view of
the blast.
The core of
reactor 4.

30. What happened then?
Soon after the blast the city Pirpyat was evacuated
immediately. There were 50,000 people living who
were forced to leave everything behind (Even
necessary belongings). Within hours after explosion
dozen of people fell ill and experienced headache,
metallic taste in mouth, vomiting, uncontrollable
fits. Within hours Pripyat became a ghost city.

32. Effects of the explosion
With the emitting radiations a rise was seen in
health disorders. Disease like Thyroid cancer,
mental illness, rise in abortion, various
physical disability. The rate of cancers are still
at a rise and many cases are reported every
year with a certain disability. Every year
thousands of people die in this manner.

33. Effects (Continued)

34. Effects (Continued)

35. Effects (Continued)

36. Effects (Continued)

37. Chernobyl today
27 years have passed but still the radiation level is
that area is so high that nobody will be able to
live there for 200 years. The whole area is sealed
by the Russian force and no individuals id
allowed to visit anywhere near the reactor. It is
said that the controller keys of reactor 4 still
remain untouched even after 27 years.

39. Hareem I.
Iffrah A.
Hareem S.