India is the third largest producer of electricity in the world. Coal is the primary energy source, accounting for over 50% of production. While India has significant coal reserves, it also imports large quantities of oil and natural gas to meet domestic demand. Electricity demand is projected to grow substantially in the coming decades. India is diversifying its energy mix by increasing renewable sources like solar, wind, and hydro which account for over 20% of installed capacity. Nuclear and biomass also contribute though coal remains the dominant fuel for electricity generation currently.

1. Energy Scenario of
India
I N D I A I S T H E T H I R D L A R G E S T P R O D U C E R O F E LE C T R I C I T Y I N TH E W O R L D

2. Contents
Coal
Oil and natural gas
Electricity
Hydro energy
Nuclear energy
Wind energy
Biomass power generation
Solar Power

3. Coal
Indiahas theworld's 4th largest coal reserves. In India, coal is the bulk of
primary energycontributor with 56.90%share equivalent to 411.9 MTOE in 2018.
India is thethird top coal producer in 2013with7.6% productionshare of coal in the
world.
However, India ranksfifth in global coal productionat228 MTOE (5.9%)in 2013 when
its inferior quality coal tonnage is converted into tons of oil equivalent.
Coal-fired power plants account for 59% of India's installed electricity
capacity.

4. FIG: COAL CONSUMPTION IN INDIA

5. Oil and natural gas
• India ranks third in oil consumption with
212.7 million tons in 2016 after USA and
China.
• During the calendar year 2015, India
imported 195.1 million tons crude oil
and 23.3 million tons refined petroleum
products and exported 55 million tons
refined petroleum products.
• India has built surplus world class
refining capacity using imported crude
oil for exporting refined petroleum
products.

6. FIG: OIL CONSUMPTION IN INDIA FIG: GAS CONSUMPTION IN INDIA
• The net imports of crude oil are lesser by one fourth after accounting exports and
imports of refined petroleum products.
• Natural gas production was 29.2 billion cubic meters and consumption 50.6 billion
cubic meters during the calendar year 2015.

7. Electricity
Electricity Total
India
per capita
Compared to Europe
per capita
Own consumption 1,048.00 bn kWh 782.57 kWh 5,437.14 kWh
Production 1,289.00 bn kWh 962.53 kWh 5,848.09 kWh
Import 5.24 bn kWh 3.92 kWh 729.45 kWh
Export 5.15 bn kWh 3.85 kWh 708.25 kWh

8. Electricity consumption (demand) in the country will grow at7.1% (CAGR)
between FY17 and FY22and then slow to 6% in the subsequent five years,
according to the Central Electricity Authority (CEA).
Demand for electricity had grown at amuch lower pacethan projected by the CEA in
thelast five years— with industrial production growth tepid, peak demand grew
just4% in 2016-17 to close to 160 GWagainst theCEA’s estimate of 9.3% growth.
Electrical energy requirement in thenext 10 yearsis expected togrow by 79%.The country
willneed 1,743 billion units (BU)of energy in theFY27. Energy requirement in FY17 was close to
1,142 BU. The report noted that energy efficiency schemes and aggressive demand side
management would lead tosavings of 206 BU in FY22 and 273 BU in FY27.

9. Hydro
energy
India is the7th largest
producer of hydroelectric
powerin the world.
India's
installedutility-scale
hydroelectric
capacitywas44,594
MW.Additionalsmaller
hydroelectricpower unitswith
atotal capacity of 4,880
MWhave been installed.
In thefiscal year 2017-18,
thetotal hydroelectric
powergeneratedin India
was 122.31TWh(excluding
small hydro). India
alsoimports surplus
hydroelectric power from
Bhutan.India's
economicallyexploitable and
viable hydroelectric
potentialis estimated to
be148,701 MW. An
additional6,780
MWfromsmaller hydro
schemes(with capacities of
less than 25 MW) is estimated
asexploitable.
56 sitesforpumped
storage schemeswith an
aggregate
installedcapacity of
94,000 MWhave also
been identified.

10. Nuclear
energy
• Nuclear power is the fifth-largest source of electricity in India after coal,
gas, hydroelectricity and wind power. As of March 2018, India has
22 nuclear reactors in operation in 7 nuclear power plants, having a total
installed capacity of 6,780 MW. Nuclear power produced a total of 35 TWh
and supplied 3.22% of Indian electricity in 2017. Six more reactors are
under construction with a combined generation capacity of 4,300 MW.
• India has been making advances in the field of thorium-based fuels,
working to design and develop a prototype for an atomic reactor using
thorium and low-enriched uranium, a key part of India's three stage
nuclear power programme. The country has also recently re-initiated its
involvement in the LENR research activities, in addition to supporting
work done in the fusion power area through the ITER initiative.
Fiscal Year
Total nuclear
electricity generation
Capacity factor
2008–09 14,921 GW·h 50%
2009–10 18,798 GW·h 61%
2010–11 26,472 GW·h 71%
2011–12 32,455 GW·h 79%
2012–13 32,863 GW·h 80%
2013-14 35,333 GW·h 83%
The details of the
nuclear power
generation capacity
in the country are
given here :

11. Wind energy
Wind power generationcapacity in India has significantlyincreased in recent years. As of theend of
July 2018the total installedwind power capacity is 32.56 GW.
India is planning toenter into offshore wind power, with a100 MWdemonstration plant located off
theGujarat coast.
Wind poweraccounts nearly9.87% of India's total installed power generation
capacityand generated46,011 million kWhin the fiscal year 2016-17 which is nearly3% of total
electricity generation.
TheNational Institute of Wind Energyhas announced an estimation of the potential wind resource
in India in therange of 49,130 MW to 302,000 MWassessed at100 m hub height. In 2015, the MNRE
set thetarget for Wind Power generation capacity by the year 2022 at 60,000 MW.
* MNRE - The Ministry of New & Renewable Energy

12. Biomass
power
generation
Thegovernmenti
ntends toachieve
40% cumulative
electric power
capacityfromnon
-fossil fuel
sources by 2030.
India has
installed capacity
ofBio-gas and
waste to power
energy as 8182
and 114.08
MWrespectively
with atargetto
produce10,000
MW by 2022.

13. Solar Power
• Solar power in India is a
fast-developing industry.
As of September 2018,
the country's solar grid
had a cumulative
capacity of 16.20 GW.
• With about 300 clear and
sunny days in a year, the
calculated solar energy
incidence on India’s land
area is about 5000
trillion kWh per year.
• India's initiative to
produce 100 GW from
solar energy by 2022,
with the help of
International Solar
Alliance (ISA).

14. TOTAL INSTALLED
POWER
GENERATION
CAPACITY (END OF
JUNE 2018)
FUEL MW % OF
TOTAL
Total Thermal 2,21,768 64.1%
Coal 1,95,993 56.6%
Gas 24,937 7.2%
Oil 838 0.2%
Hydro (Renewable) 45,487 13.1%
Nuclear 6,780 2.0%
RES* (MNRE) 72,013 20.8%
Total 346,048
* RES (Renewable Energy Sources) include Small Hydro Project, Biomass
Gasifier, Biomass Power, Urban & Industrial Waste Power, Solar and Wind
Energy.