DATA ON ENERGY PRODUCTION

1. INTRODUCTION
 India has a surplus power generation capacity.
 India is the third largest producer of electricity in the world. The national
electric grid in India has an installed capacity of 393.389 GW as of 31
December 2021.
 Renewable power plants, which also include large hydroelectric plants,
constitute 37% of India's total installed capacity.
 India's electricity sector is dominated by fossil fuels, in particular coal, which
produced about three-quarters of the country's electricity.
 In India the Commercial Energy makes 74% of total energy , of which coal
based energy production is around 72-75%, as per 2020 data.
 It is expected that non-fossil fuels generation contribution is likely to be
around 44.7% of the total gross electricity generation by 2029-30.

2. Thermal power
 As of March 2020, India has a total thermal installed
capacity of 230.59 GW. Almost 86% of the thermal capacity
comes from coal and the rest from Lignite, Diesel and Gas.
 India's highest energy capacity came from thermal energy,
amounting to an installed capacity of over 234 thousand
megawatts as of March 2021. Close to 70 percent of the
country's electricity generation was from thermal power
plants.
 Electricity generation (weight: 19.85 percent) increased by
1.5 percent in November 2021 over November 2020.
 As of April 2021, India has a total Thermal installed capacity
of 234 GW, of which 53% of the thermal power is obtained
from coal and the rest from Lignite, Diesel, and Gas.

3. Hydro power
 India's potential for hydro power has been assessed to be about 125,570
MW at 60% load factor.
 India is ranked fourth globally by underutilized hydro power potential.
 There is an estimated 6,740 MW of potential for small, mini, and micro-
hydro generators, and 56 sites for pumped storage schemes with an
aggregate installed capacity of 94,000 MW have been identified.
 The installed hydro power capacity as of 31 March 2018 was
approximately 45,293 MW, 13.17% of total installed utility capacity at
the time.
 Small, mini, and micro-hydro generators add another 4,486 MW
capacity.The share of this sector operated by public companies is 97%.
 Companies engaged in the development of hydroelectric power in India
include the National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC),
Northeast Electric Power Company (NEEPCO), Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam
(SJVNL), Tehri Hydro Development Corporation, and NTPC-Hydro.
 India has already established nearly 4,785 MW pumped storage capacity
as part of its installed hydro power plants.

4. Solar power
 The solar energy sector in India offers potentially enormous capacity,
though little of this potential has so far been exploited.
 Solar radiation of about 5,000 trillion kWh per year is incident over
India's land mass, with average daily solar power potential of 0.25
kWh/m2 of used land area with available commercially proven
technologies.
 As of 31 December 2019, the installed capacity was 33.73 GW, or 2%
of utility electricity generation.
 Solar power plants require nearly 2.4 hectares (0.024 km2) land per MW
capacity, which is similar to coal-fired power plants when life cycle
coal mining, consumptive water storage and ash disposal areas are taken
into account, and hydropower plants when the submergence area of the
water reservoir is included.
 Solar plants with 1.33 million MW capacity could be installed in India
on 1% of its land (32,000 square km).
 The state of Gujarat was first to implement the Canal Solar Power
Project, using solar panels on a 19,000 km (12,000 mi) long network of
Narmada canals across the state to generate electricity. It was the first
such project in India.

5. Wind power
 The development of wind power in India began in the
1990s in Tamil Nadu and significantly increased in the
last decade.
 The largest wind power generating state is Tamil Nadu,
accounting for nearly 23% of installed capacity, followed
in decreasing order by Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan
and Karnataka.
 In 2015-16, wind power accounted for 8.5% of India's
total installed power capacity, and 2.5% of the country's
power output.
 In 2020, wind supplied almost 1600 TWh of electricity,
which was over 5% of worldwide electrical generation
and about 2% of energy consumption.

6. Tidal power
 Tidal power also called tidal energy, is a form of hydropower that
converts energy obtained from tides into useful forms of power,
mainly electricity.
 Local effects such as shelving, funneling, reflection and resonance
can increase the potential of tidal energy in certain regions.
 In December 2011, the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy,
Government of India and the Renewable Energy Development
Agency of West Bengal jointly approved and agreed to implement
India's first 3.75 MW Durgaduani mini tidal power project.
 A report from the Ocean Engineering Centre, at the Indian
Institute of Technology Madras estimated the annual wave energy
potential along the Indian coast is 5 to 15 MW/metre, suggesting a
theoretical maximum potential for electricity harvesting along
India's 7500-kilometer coastline of about 40 GW.

7. Nuclear power
 As of 31 March 2019, India had 6.78 GW of installed
nuclear power generation capacity or nearly 2% of total
installed utility power generation capacity. Nuclear plants
generated 37,812 million kWh at 63.67% PLF in 2018-19.
 India's share of nuclear power plant generation capacity is
1.2% of worldwide nuclear power production capacity,
making it the 15th largest nuclear power producer. India
aims to supply 9% of its electricity needs with nuclear
power by 2032 and 25% by 2050.
 India's government is developing up to 62 additional nuclear
reactors, mostly using thorium fuel, which it expects to be
operational by 2025.
 It is the "only country in the world with a detailed, funded,
government-approved plan" to focus on thorium-based
nuclear power.

8. Thank
you