Fifth Asian Soil Partnership workshop 26 February - 1 March 2019, New Delhi, India Sangho Jeon, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences

1. Sangho Jeon, Suk-Young Hong,
Byung-Keun Hyun, Yeon-Kyu Sonn, Myung-Suk Kong
Korean Soil
Information System
2019.02.28

2. National Institute of
Agricultural SciencesRDA Introduction
International
Cooperation
Extension
Service
Technology
Transfer
R & D
• Stable supply of food for people
• Enhancement of agricultural competitiveness for the market
• Enhancing farmer’s welfare and vitalizing rural economy
• Sharing experience and technology to devel. countries

3. (Suwon) (Jeonju)
(1,168 Scientists / 96 Extension specialists / 22 Senior Officials / 561 Others)
US$ 834 M (R&D 82%, Operational Expenses 18%)
National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), National Institute of Crop Science (NICS),
National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science (NIHHS), National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS)
National Institute of
Agricultural SciencesRDA Introduction

4. Sustainable Development of Agri-Business
thru Innovation of Agricultural Tech.
Vision
• Ag. & Rural
Environ.
• Bio Resources
• Agri-Product
Safety
• Climate Change
• Food Security
• Stable Food Production,
• Horticultural & Herbal
Crops
• Livestock Industry
• Agricultural Business
• Environmentally Friendly
Agriculture, Energy
Saving
• Biotech.
• Convergence Core Tech.
National Institute of
Agricultural SciencesRDA Introduction

5. 농과원
원예원
식량원
National Institute of Agricultural Sciences
National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science
National Institute of Crop Science
National Institute of Animal Science
National Institute of
Agricultural SciencesRDA Introduction

6. National Institute of
Agricultural SciencesNAS Introduction
NAS
530/900
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7. National Institute of
Agricultural SciencesNAS Introduction
Soil and Fertilizer Division
Soil Survey Soil Physics Soil Chemistry Plant Nutrition
Organic
Resources
•Soil and
environment
information
system
•Soil survey and
digitizing soil
maps
•Digital soil
mapping
•Soil water
management
•Water saving
irrigation
methods
•Soil
conservation
•Improving soil
physical
properties
•Soil chemical
properties
management
•Onsite soil
analysis
•Soil heavy
metals
•Soil testing
program
•Soil monitoring
program
•Plant nutrient
management
•Fertilizer
recommendation
•Nutrition
Physiology
•Smart nutrient
management
system
•Agricultural
utilization of
organic
resources
•Soil carbon
assessment
•Evaluation of
food waste
compost quality
Mission: Researches on soil
management for sustainable agriculture

8. 2. Soil and Environment Information System
3. Fertilizer recommendation system
1. National Soil Survey and Monitoring

9. National Institute of
Agricultural Sciences
Soil Health, Soil Quality, Soil Security
Soil Health
“the countinued capacity of the soil to function as a vital living
ecosystem that sustains plants, animals and humans”
(USDA-NRCS, 20122; Soil Renaissance, 2014)
Soil Quality
“the capacity of a soil to function, within ecosystem and land use
boundaries, to sustain productivity, maintain environmental quality,
and promote plant and animal health”
(Doran and Parkin, 1994)
Soil Security is
“concerned with maintaining and improving the world’s soil
resources to produce food, fibre and freshwater, maintain the
biodiversity and ecosystem services and contribute to human health”
(McBratney, Field & Koch, 2014)
- Dimensions: Capability, Condition, Capital, Connectivity, Codification
Bio-physical Socio-Economic
1. National Soil Survey and Monitoring Projects in Korea

10. National Institute of
Agricultural Sciences
Why Spatial Data? Why Map?
Spatial data or mapping products will illustrate the combined
effects of various layers or dimensions(i.e. biophysical, socio-
economic, etc.) at different spatial scales.
The maps can be reviewed by individuals, stakeholders,
markets and policy makers, either as an overall assessment of
the whole or for each of its layers for a range of enterprises.
* Spatial patterns reveal what is happening where!
Spatial Soil Database
for Sustainable Soil Management in Korea
1. National Soil Survey and Monitoring Projects in Korea

11. National Institute of
Agricultural Sciences
Reconnaisance Soil Survey(`64~`67)
1:250,000, 1:50,000 (MMU, 6.25 ha)
Detailed Soil Survey(`68~`90)
1:25,000 (MMU, 1.56 ha)
Highly Detailed Soil Survey(`95~`99)
1:5,000 (MMU, 10 a)
Soil Thematic Maps,
Fertilizer Recommendation,
Ag. Environment data, etc.
※MMU: Minimum Mapping Unit
Soil Survey History in Korea
1. National Soil Survey and Monitoring Projects in Korea

12. National Institute of
Agricultural Sciences
Soil Survey History in Korea
Reconnaissance Detailed Highly detailed
 Periods 1964-1969 1970-1989 1995-1999
 Nation wide
 Suitability class
 Surve
y  Major cultivation area
- crop types
 Field management
- Fertilization
- Soil classification: soil series(horizon, drainage, soil texture,
1. Soil survey: manpower(1964~1999, update: ~present)
(1:250,000, 1:50,000) (1:25,000) (1:5,000)
1. National Soil Survey and Monitoring Projects in Korea

13. National Institute of
Agricultural Sciences
2. Soil and Environment Monitoring Project(1999~present)
- Soil & Environments Monitoring at a Regular Basis: Fixed Points(0-20 cm)
∙ Spatial and Temporal Change of Soil Properties at a National Scale
-Soil: Paddy, Upland, Orchard, Plastic Film House, and etc.
(≒ about 1,500~2,000 sites for each Ag. field type)
∙ Every year: Soils, Heavy metals, Water Quality(3 times)
∙ Data: Soil physico-chemical properties, Soil heavy metals,
Water quality, Microbial activities, Pesticides, etc.
3. Soil Testing Project(1980~present)
- Soil Testing at Random Points(0-20 cm) mainly for fertilizer recommendation
∙ Every Year at Paddy, Upland, Orchard, and Plastic Film House
∙ Data: Soil Chemical properties(pH, OM, Av.P, Ex.cation, etc.)
∙ RDA project : 50,000 soil samples/year x 3 years
(* About 500,000 samples every year are collected
through Ag. Technical Center)
Fixed points
Random points
1. National Soil Survey and Monitoring Projects in Korea

14. National Institute of
Agricultural Sciences
Contents Soil Map Database Soil Fertility & Monotroing Database
Characteristics
Morphological, physical, and
chemical characteristics from
topsoil to subsoil
- Chemical properties of top soil
- Soil physio-chemical properties, heavy
metals, water quality, etc.
Sampling Unit Soil boundary Each field with parcel information
Purpose Soil survey
- Soil testing
- Supporting agricultural policy
Utilization
Landuse recommendation, crop
suitability, land suitability
- Fertilizer recommendation
- Spatial & temporal change at national scale
DB Spatial database Non-spatial database => GIS DB
Data form
A variety scale of soil map
- 1:250,000, 1:50,000, 1:25,000,
1:5,000
- Soil testing : 600,000 samples/year
- Soil monitoing: ≒ 2,000 points/year
Characteristics of soil map and soil monitoring database
1. National Soil Survey and Monitoring Projects in Korea

15. National Institute of
Agricultural Sciences
Figure. Soil properties of Korea based on detailed soil map (1:25,000).
Soils in Korea
1. National Soil Survey and Monitoring Projects in Korea

16. National Institute of
Agricultural Sciences1. National Soil Survey and Monitoring Projects in Korea
Soil Classification in Korea
Order (7) Suborder (17) Series (405) Ratio(%)
Inceptisols Aquepts
Udepts
54
98
56.1*
Entisols Aquents
Fluvents
Orthents
Psamments
11
6
29
12
9.3
Ultisols Aquults
Humults
Udults
5
10
49
11.5
Alfisols Aqualfs
Udalfs
23
46
7.5
Andisols Udands
Vitrands
42
1
1.2
Mollisols Aquolls
Udolls
2
15
0.6
Histosols Saprists
Hemists
1
1
0.0
* Ratio includes water, rocks, and other non-soil classes
Based on “USDA Soil Taxonomy”
Based on the results of soil survey, Korea is currently classified as 405 soil series(RDA, 2017).

17. National Institute of
Agricultural Sciences2. Soil and Environment Information System of Korea

18. National Institute of
Agricultural Sciences
Figure. Main page of ‘Soil and Environment Information System of Korea’ and four major parts of the
system including web-based GIS map service, fertilizer recommendation, and statistics.
1. Overview (http://soil.rda.go.kr)
2. Soil and Environment Information System of Korea

19. National Institute of
Agricultural Sciences
Soil Theme Maps No. of Attributes Soil Attributes
Soil profile characteristics 12
Soil texture, drainage class, available depth, slope, grave
l content, soil color, soil erosion class, parent material, e
tc.
Soil topography 2 Soil topography, sedimentation pattern
Soil classification 3 Soil order, suborder, great group
Crop suitability maps 64
Apple, pear, mandarin orange, water melon, grapes, stra
wberry, tomato, cucumber, cabbage, etc.
Land Interpretation 13
Land suitability(paddy, upland, orchard, grass, forest), la
nd use, land use recommendation, soil type, etc.
Soil chemical property m
aps
25
pH, organic matter, available phosphate, potassium, calc
ium, available silicate, etc. for each cropland unit
2. Soil Attributes Provided : 119 layers
2. Soil and Environment Information System of Korea

20. National Institute of
Agricultural Sciences
3. Soil properties(55): Morphological, physical, and chemical properties
2. Soil and Environment Information System of Korea

21. National Institute of
Agricultural Sciences
4. Crop Suitability(64 crops):
<watermelon>
2. Soil and Environment Information System of Korea

22. National Institute of
Agricultural Sciences2. Soil and Environment Information System of Korea
5. Mobile
version
Soil texture
Effective soil depth
Soil drainage class
Crop suitability map for watermelon

23. National Institute of
Agricultural Sciences3. Fertilizer recommendation system
Web-based fertilizer recommendation system : 143 crops
- based on soil test analysis

24. Fertilizer Recommendation System
National Institute of
Agricultural Sciences
• Development of fertilizer recommendation program
Year Program Crop Notice
Before
‘90
RDA-controlled
computer
Rice Agri-field enhancement undertaking
‘91 PC ver. 1.0 Rice
PC issuing
Distribution after teaching
‘92 PC ver. 2.0 13 crops Issuing of fertilization manual by crops
‘95 PC ver. 3.0 23 crops Improvement of fertilization standard
‘98 PC ver. 4.0 44 crops
Windows95
Addition of field management item
‘01
Soil
management ’98
91 crops
Standard fertilization : 77 crops
Soil testing-based : 64 crops
‘02
Soil management
program
95 crops Combined fertilizer using method
‘04
Soil management
‘04
96 crops
’11~
Wed-based
program
143 crops
- Mobile ‘Huktoram’
- Improvement of fertilization standard
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3. Fertilizer recommendation system

25. Fertilizer Recommendation System
National Institute of
Agricultural Sciences
• Issue the fertilizer recommendation sheet
Fertilizer recommendation for Paddy soil
3. Soil testing results
1. General information
: crop, area, address, farmer’s name
4. Fertilizer application rates
5. Comments
2. Soil characteristics
: soil series, soil texture, drainage, etc.
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3. Fertilizer recommendation system