parathyroid gland, superior inferior parathyroid gland, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, nerve supply, function, parathyroid hormone, hypoparathyroidism

1. PARATHYROID
GLAND
D R . S A N A YA S E E N
A N ATO M Y D E PA R T M E N T
K I M S

2. INTRODUCTION
• Are ovoid bodies (6mmlong )
• Are 4 in number
• Lying within the facial capsule
• Namely as superior and inferior
thyroid gland. Located on the
posterior and meddial aspect of
each lobe of thyroidd gland
• They produces parathyroid hormone
which controls calcium level in the
body.

3. • Superior parathyroid gland are developed from 4th pharyngeal pouch
• Inferior thyroidd gland are developed from 3rd pharyngeal pouch.
• Parathyroid gland possesses two types of cells chief cells, and oxyphil
cells.
• Chief cells:
– They are small cell, abundantly present
– Secrete parathyroid hormone
• Oxyphil cells:
– Are much larger, less abundantly present
– The number of these cells increases with age
– Excat function unknown

4. FUNCTIONS
• Supresses calcium loss in urine
• Stimulates loss of phosphate ions in urine
• Mobilization of calcium from the bone by inhibiting osteoblasts and
stimulating osteoclasts activity. Releasing calcium ion into blood stream.
• Enhancing absorption of calcium from small intestine
• Activation of vit D. As PTH stimulates release of calcitrol from tubular
cells which inturn increases absorption of ddietry calcium from small
intestine

6. BLOOD SUPPLY, LYMPHATIC
DRAINAGE, NERVE SUPPLY
• Arterial supply: superior and inferior thyroid artery
• Venous drainage: drains into thyroid plexus of veins
• Innervation: thyroid branches of middle and superior
(sympathetic) cervical ganglion. They are vasomotor .
• Lymphatic drainage: into deep cervical lymph noddes and
paratracheal lymph nodes

7. H Y P O PAR AT H Y R O I D I S M :
Occurs due to spontaneous
remove of parathyroid gland
during thyroidectomy.
Leading to hypocalcenemia
leading to increase
neuromuscular instability
causing muscular spasm,
convulsion (tetany).

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