This is a brief information about surafce equipment written in English by request of students

1. Surface
Equipment
1
Surface equipment related to completions and workovers are:
Production Tree
Single and Dual
Gate Valves (manual and remotely operated)
Tubing Hanger (associated back pressure valve)
Single and Dual
Production Choke
Fixed Orifice and Adjustable
Hand Adjustable and Remotely Operated
Surface Safety System
Pressure Sensors
ESD Valves
Surface Safety Valves
Special Application Wellheads

2. Surface
Equipment
2
Wing Valves
Choke Body
Production Casing Wing
Tubing Hanger
Tree Cap
Swab Valve
Upper Master Valve
Lower Master Valve
Tubing Spool
Single String Production Tree
Shown at right is a single string surface
production tree. All major components
are labeled.
Courtesy of Cameron

3. Surface
Equipment
3
Dual String Production Tree
Choke Body
Choke Body
Swab Valves
Master Valves
Tubing Spool
Tubing Hanger
Production Casing Wing Valve
Intermediate Casing Wing Valve
Casing
Tubing
Tubing
At right is a WKM dual string
production tree with all major
components labeled.
Courtesy of WKM

4. Surface
Equipment
4
Pumping Well Production
Tree
Master Valve
Wing Valve
Stuffing Box
Production Wing
Sample Wing
Cross
This type of wellhead is used in
conjunction with a bean pump. It is of
lower pressure rating than a tree used
for a flowing well and contains a
stuffing box which provides a seal
around the polished rod.

5. Surface
Equipment
5
Ball Valve
CT Hanger
Ball Valve
Ball Valve
Tree Cap
Union
Coiled Tubing Completion Production
Tree
Courtesy of Select Energy Systems
Pictured at right is an example of a production tree
used in coiled tubing completions.

6. Surface
Equipment
6
Hand wheel
Bearings
Stem
Stem Packing
Stem Packing Test Port
Gate
Seat
Bore
Surface Production Tree – Manual Gate
Valve
WKM Pow-R-Seal Gate
Valve
Available in various working
pressures as high as 20,000
psi.
Always count the turns to open
and close.
Do not over-tighten when
closing the valve – this could
damage the gate and seat.
Apply grease to the bearing
assembly on a periodic basis.
Grease Port

7. Surface
Equipment
7
Below are shown a single and dual tubing hanger spool for a surface production
tree. Both illustrate the tubing hanger, tubing, and hydraulic control lines for
surface controlled subsurface safety valves.
Tubing Spool - Surface Production Tree
WKM Type U Tubing Spool – Single and Dual

8. Surface
Equipment
8
WKM type U-HM Single String Tubing HangerFMC Single String Tubing Hanger
Cameron Dual String Tubing Hanger
The tubing hanger, residing in the tubing hanger spool, serves as an anchor point for the
production tubing to the production tree. It is held in place in part by the weight of the
tubing from below and hold down pins above, which are part of the tubing bowl.
Once the hanger is landed the hold down pins are “run in” and tightened. The seals, as
seen in the drawings, seal off the top of the annulus.
Most tubing hangers contain internal threads or a machined profile for the installation of a
back pressure valve.
The tubing hanger can also be a point of anchor for the control line or control lines in the
case of a multiple string completion for the surface controlled subsurface safety valves.
Tubing Hanger - Surface Production Tree

9. Surface
Equipment
9
Threaded profile
for BPV
FMC Tubing Hanger
Tubing Hanger - Surface Production Tree

10. Surface
Equipment
10
Back Pressure Valve – Surface
Tree
Body
Seal
Ring
Valve
Plunger
Retainer
O-Ring
Insert
Below are two styles of back pressure valve manufactured by Cameron . Both incorporate a
threaded top sub used to secure the back pressure valve in its hanger. The main difference
between the two is that the model on the left hold pressure in both directions while the
model on the right holds pressure from below and can be pumped through.
Two-Way Back Pressure Valve Pump-Thru Back Pressure Valve
The two-way valve is commonly
used to test surface equipment such
as production tress and blowout
preventers.
The pump-thru valve is used as a
barrier when the production tree is
nippled down and BOP’s nippled up
and when the stack is to be removed
so that a production tree can be
installed

11. Surface
Equipment
11
Yoke Body
Union
Union
Union Upper Packing
Union or Flange
Bleed Valve
Stainless Steel
Polished Rod
Back Pressure Valve – Surface Tree
Lubricator
The equipment at right is used to install and remove a
BPV from a surface tree tubing hanger. The BPV
lubricator consists of two sections of high pressure
piping joined by quick unions. An additional union is
located at the bottom of the lubricator to connect the
lubricator to the production tree. A flange, rather than
a quick union, is installed on high pressure models.
The yoke body serves to hold pressure and to house
the polished rod upper and lower seals. The polished
rod conveys the BPV into and out of the hanger. A
small manifold can be attached, as shown, to monitor
and bleed pressure from the lubricator.
A risky practice is to “dry rod” the BPV into and out of
the hole. Dry rodding is the term given to setting and
pulling a BPV without a lubricator. Naturally, this is
attempted or done on a dead well, but a blowout
could very well be the results of the well coming in
with no lubricator is installed.
Lower Packing

12. Surface
Equipment
12
Coiled Tubing Completion Tubing
Hanger
Anchor Bolt
Split Slip Ring
Seal Ring
Support Ring
Coiled Tubing
Courtesy of Select Energy Systems
DN-400 Tubing Hanger
This type of tubing hanger is specifically
designed to be used with coiled tubing or
small jointed pipe.
It utilizes anchor bolts to secure the
tubing instead of relying on the weight of
the production string.

13. Surface
Equipment
13
Cameron H2 Needle and Seat
Choke
Production chokes are normally installed on the production tree flow wing and are used to
regulate flow from the well. They are available as positive, fixed orifice chokes which
incorporate a choke bean inserted in the choke body or can be adjustable like the two
models seen below.
Production Choke – Surface Tree
Cameron H2 Positive Choke
Choke Bean

14. Surface
Equipment
14
Dart
Seat
The hand adjustable dart and seat choke regulates or restricts flow based on the
distance between the dart and seat (as seen in the illustration on the right).
Production Choke – Surface Tree – Adjustable
Orifice
Courtesy of Cameron

15. Surface
Equipment
15
Bearing Race
Bearing Roller
Stem
Upper Bonnet
Bonnet Nut
Lower Bonnet
Needle Retaining Guard
Seat
Body
Seat Ring
Cameron HLB Hand Adjustable Choke
Cameron also manufactures adjustable chokes with gate and seat choking devices, similar
in design to their drilling chokes. These differ in design from dart and seat chokes but the
function is still the same. They are available in hand operated models as shown above or
can be remotely controlled via hydraulics as shown on the following page.
Production Choke – Surface Tree

16. Surface
Equipment
16
Cameron Hydraulic Production
Choke
This is Cameron’s remotely controlled hydraulic production choke utilizing a gate and seat
choking mechanism.
Production Choke – Surface Tree

17. Surface
Equipment
17
Surface Safety System
The surface safety system, although not used on all wells, serves as a pressure monitor
and emergency shut-in device. Major components are:
Pressure Sensors
Surface Safety Valves
Pneumatic or Hydraulic Control Lines
Surface Safety Valves
Hydraulic or Pneumatic Control Panel
PRESSURE SENSORS are placed in strategic locations such as the wellhead and flowlines.
They monitor pressure based on pre-set limits and activate when pressures deviate from
the pre-set limits. Their activation causes supply pressure to be interrupted to the safety
valves which, in turn, closes the safety valves.
SURFACE SAFETY VALVES, like pressure sensors, are placed as a component of the
production tree and in flowlines. These are normally closed valves and require hydraulic or
pneumatic to remain in the open position. They can be operated manually if the need
arises.
PNEUMATIC OR HYDRAULIC CONTROL LINES convey hydraulic or pneumatic pressure
from the control panel to the safety valves.
HYDRAULIC OR PNEUMATIC CONTROL PANEL supplies and monitors the hydraulic or
pneumatic pressure being supplied to the safety valves.

18. Surface
Equipment
18
Fusible
Plug
Pneumatic & Hydraulic
Control Panel
Surface Safety System
Courtesy of Halliburton

19. Surface
Equipment
19
Halliburton Surface Safety Valve
Lockout Cap
Fusible Cap
Stem
Thread Protector
Cylinder
Piston
Packing
Section
Spring
Bonnet
Valve
Body
Bleed
Nipple
Illustrated at left is an example of a
surface safety valve. Clearly seen are the
piston, spring, cylinder, and bonnet.
Supply pressure (either hydraulic or
pneumatic) enters in front of the piston,
compressing the spring and opening the
valve.
When pressure is bled the spring takes
over and closes the valve. The following
page contains a schematic that illustrates
the operation of the surface safety valve.
Surface Safety Valve
Gate
Seat

20. Surface
Equipment
20
Supplied pressure working on
the cross-sectional area of the
piston overcomes the spring and
opens the valve.
When supply pressure is bled the
spring takes over and closes the
valve.
Valve stem in: valve is open
Valve stem out: valve is closed
Surface Safety Valve

21. Surface
Equipment
21
The Frac Stack, a product of Stinger Wellhead, is installed on the tubing spool
for through-tubing frac jobs. It is designed to withstand the high surface
pressures associated with frac jobs which, in many cases, can exceeds the
working pressure of the tree.
Frac Stack

22. Surface
Equipment
22
Casing Saver Tool
Another product provided by Stinger Wellhead is the
Casing Saver Tool. The saver is a hydraulically
operated device which inserts a packing element into
the casing protecting the wellhead from the extreme
pressures associated with a frac job. Sizes range from 4
1/2" to 9 5/8" casing in all sizes and weights with
pressure pressure ratings to 15,000 P.S.I. In addition to
this tool, three way and five way frac heads are
available .