The results of reconnaissance studies within the Shakal and Halabja exploration blocks in Kurdistan are presented. Experimental studies were carried out using a mobile direct-prospecting technology, including modified methods of frequency-resonance processing and decoding of satellite images and photo images, vertical electric resonance scanning of the cross-section and a method of integral assessment of the oil and gas potential of large prospecting blocks and license areas. At the local survey site within the Shakal block, responses from oil, condensate, phosphorus and limestone were recorded. The lower boundary of the limestones was established at a depth of 4676 m. By scanning the cross-section from 2770 m, step 1 cm, the responses of oil from limestones were obtained from the intervals: 1) 2771-2794 m, 2) 2795.3-2815.45 m, 3) 2834.40-2854 m. During processing the image of the entire Halabja block, signals were recorded at the frequencies of oil, condensate, phosphorus gas, bacteria, sodium chloride and dolomite. At the 57 km hydrocarbon synthesis boundary, responses from oil, condensate and gas were recorded. When scanning the cross-section from 480 m to 4 km, step 50 cm, responses from oil were obtained from two intervals: 1) 1140-1200 m, and 2) 3310-3340 m. Within the local fragment of the block by scanning up to 5 km with a step of 1 m responses of oil from salt were recorded from the intervals: 1) 295-350 m, 2) 1190-1260 m, 3) 2015-2320 m). The response intervals within the 1st and 3rd horizons have been refined by scanning with a step of 5 cm. The results of experimental studies show that practical application of direct-prospecting methods and technologies will accelerate and optimize the exploration process for oil and gas.

2. Topic: Informatics, Geoinformatics & Remote Sensing
RESULTS OF THE APPLICATION OF DIRECT-PROSPECTING TECHNOLOGY OF SATELLITE IMAGES AND FREQUENCY-RESONANCE
PROCESSING ON THE EXPLORATION BLOCKS OF SHAKAL AND HALABJA (KURDISTAN)
Yakymchuk N.A.1, Korchagin I.N.2, Javadova A.3
1Institute for Applied Problems of Ecology, Geophysics and Geochemistry, Laboratorny Lane, 1, Kyiv, 01133, Ukraine, e-mail: yakymchuk@gmail.com
2S.I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the NAS of Ukraine, Palladin Ave., 32, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine, e-mail: korchagin.i.n@gmail.com
3MikroPro GMBH, st. Magdeburg 26, b, Gommern, 39245, Germany, e-mail: javadova@micropro.de
ABSTRACT
The results of reconnaissance studies within the Shakal and Halabja exploration blocks in Kurdistan are presented. Experimental
studies were carried out using a mobile direct-prospecting technology, including modified methods of frequency-resonance
processing and decoding of satellite images and photo images, vertical electric resonance scanning of the cross-section and a
method of integral assessment of the oil and gas potential of large prospecting blocks and license areas. At the local survey site
within the Shakal block, responses from oil, condensate, phosphorus and limestone were recorded. The lower boundary of the
limestones was established at a depth of 4676 m. By scanning the cross-section from 2770 m, step 1 cm, the responses of oil from
limestones were obtained from the intervals: 1) 2771-2794 m, 2) 2795.3-2815.45 m, 3) 2834.40-2854 m. During processing the
image of the entire Halabja block, signals were recorded at the frequencies of oil, condensate, phosphorus gas, bacteria, sodium
chloride and dolomite. At the 57 km hydrocarbon synthesis boundary, responses from oil, condensate and gas were recorded.
When scanning the cross-section from 480 m to 4 km, step 50 cm, responses from oil were obtained from two intervals: 1) 1140-
1200 m, and 2) 3310-3340 m. Within the local fragment of the block by scanning up to 5 km with a step of 1 m responses of oil
from salt were recorded from the intervals: 1) 295-350 m, 2) 1190-1260 m, 3) 2015-2320 m). The response intervals within the
1st and 3rd horizons have been refined by scanning with a step of 5 cm. The results of experimental studies show that practical
application of direct-prospecting methods and technologies will accelerate and optimize the exploration process for oil and gas.
Corresponding Author: Arzu Javadova

3. WMESS- 2021, Prague, Czech Republic
RESULTS OF THE APPLICATION OF DIRECT-PROSPECTING
TECHNOLOGY OF SATELLITE IMAGES AND FREQUENCY-
RESONANCE PROCESSING ON THE EXPLORATION BLOCKS
OF SHAKALAND HALABJA (KURDISTAN)
Mykola Yakymchuk 1, Ignat Korchagin 2, Arzu Javadova 3
1 Institute for Applied Problems of Ecology, Geophysics and Geochemistry, Laboratorny Lane, 1, Kiev, 01133, Ukraine
2 S.I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the NAS of Ukraine, Palladin Ave., 32, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine
3 MikroPro GMBH, st. Magdeburg 26, b, Gommern, 39245, Germany
Location map

4. Introduction Shakal
Lithology and Stratigraphy of Shakal block
• Exploration blocks Shakal and Halabja located in SE area of Iraqi Kurdistan
• The structure Shakal extends from the town of Kalar to the SE and appears to continue NW
Pulkhana discovery completed in 2006.The producing fields of Jampur and Kirkuk are on
trend and were originally thought to be structurally analogous to the Pulkhana and Shakal
complex of structural closure
• A review of 3 exploration drilling indicated that it should be possible to drill all of the
primary objectives (Jeribe, Dhiban, Euphrates, Jaddala and Shiranish formations) and
potentially reach the secondary targets (Balambo and Qamchuga formations) as well
• The Shakal structure is confined to the near-fault brachyanticlinal type of structure.
Seismic-geological profile over Shakal structure

5. Geological feature of the Shakal and Halabja blocks
The outcrop of possible Jeribe Formation near Darzila Village
Regular set of N-S and E-W trending near-vertical fractures
~ E-W trending fractures often are open (have no mineral infill)
JERIBE FORMATION
Pore types
in the Jeribe
Formation

6. • The well Shakal #1 was spudded on September
24th, 2009 and drilled to a total depth of 3037,6 m .
• The well was tested four times: (1) open hole DST
2311.6-2393 m (Jeribe/Dhiban), which resulted in
salt water flow at rates in excess of 10,000 B/D; (2)
cased-hole DST of the Aalije Formation (2838-
2850.5), which resulted in flow rates as high as 688
BOPD; (3) cased-hole DST of the lower Jaddala
(2799.6-2812), which resulted in flow rates as high
as 1100 BOPD; and (4) cased-hole DST of the
upper Jaddala (2777-2789), which resulted in a
peak flow rate of 1450 BOPD. The closed-hole tests
all resulted in a rapid decline of flow and pressure,
suggesting a small reservoir volume in the area of
the bore hole. Reserve potential as proven by the
well was apparently noncommercial.
testing results in the nearest w
Pulkhana field (neighboring to Shakal) Jaddala formation low flow rate (150 bbd) can be associated with
healed, non-conductive fractures
Shakal-1 well drilling result

7. Shakal well 2 and 3 drilling result

8. Introduction Halabja
Halabja area. Tectonic zone
Stratigraphy of Halabja area.
A - Limestones of the Kometan Formation;
B - Stromatolite limestones / dolomites of the Barsarin Formation.
No exploration drilling in Halabja area

9. Data base of research method
• In modified versions of the methods of vertical sounding and
frequency-resonance processing of satellite images and
photographs, databases (sets, collections) of chemical
elements, minerals, rocks and minerals (specific samples) are
used .
The used collection of oil samples includes 117 samples, gas
condensate - 15 samples.
• The database of photographs of sedimentary rocks consists of
11 groups:
• 1) psephites, monomineral conglomerates (22 samples, sample
numbers in the database are 2-23);
• 2) psammites (18, 25-42);
• 3) silts, mudstones, clays (6, 44-49);
• 4) kaolinite mudstones (6, 51-57);
• 5) kaolinite clays (10, 59-68);
• 6) sedimentary-volcanoclastic rocks; tuff breccia (9, 70-78);
• 7) limestones (24, 80-103);
• 8) dolomites (11, 105-115);
• 9) marls (10, 117-126);
• 10) siliceous rocks (13, 128-140), salt.
• The base of photographs of igneous and metamorphic rocks
includes 18 groups:
• 1) granites and rhyolites (29 samples, sample numbers in the
base - 1-29);
• 2) granodiorites and dacites (7, 31-37);
• 3) syenites and trachytes (18, 39-56);
• 4) diorites and andesites (14, 58-71);
• 5) lamprophyres (14, 73-86);
• 6) gabbros and basalts (32, 88-119);
• 7) feldspar ultramafic rocks (20, 121-140);
• 8) feldspathoid syenites and phonolites (23, 142-164);
• 9) feldspathic gabbroids and basaltoids (6, 166-171); 10)
feldspar-free

10. Data base of research method
Photos of samples of oil and gas condensate
Base of sedimentary rocks.
1. Group of detrital rocks. Psefits. Monomineralic
conglomerates. 22 samples.
2. Group of detrital rocks. Psammites 18 samples.
3. Group of detrital rocks. Alevrits, argillites, clays. 6
samples.
4. Group of detrital and clay rocks. Clay rocks. Argillite
kaolinite. 6 samples.
5. Group of detrital rocks. Clay rocks. Kaolinite clays. 10
samples.
6. Sedimentary-volcanoclastic rocks. 9 samples.
7. Group of carbonate rocks. Limestone. 24 samples.
8. Group of carbonate rocks. Dolomites. 11 samples.
9. Group of carbonate rocks. Marls. 10 samples.
10. A group of siliceous rocks. 13 samples.
11. Salt. 3 samples.

11. Remote Sensing
data processing and
interpretation
Forming a Short-Pulsed
Electromagnetic Field
Vertical Electro-
Resonance Sounding
The technology consists of three innovative methods based on the frequency-resonance
concept:
The development of current technology took place at the forefront of
two sciences: GEOPHYSICS AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS
Remote Sensing data processing
and interpretation
Fixing pulsed natural
electromagnetic fields of the Earth’s,
it is possible to study also it effects
satellite images of the Earth's
surface in different spectral
channels.
Current development of computer
technology does not allow for the
spectral analysis of all possible
channels recorded by satellites,
where there is also information on
the structure of the Earth and the
objects in it.
To solve this problem author has
used an analog optical processing
method by which it became
possible to carry out the
classification of satellite images and
allocate them abnormal radiation
from various geological bodies in
their frequencies.
The technology of research method

12. Instrumental measurements in Shakal
• Within the entire Shakal block, (in figure B) intense signals
were recorded from diamonds and graphite, as well as from
the 11th group of igneous rocks (kimberlites). By fixing the
responses at different depths (50, 99, 218, 250, 550, 650, 750
km), the root of the kimberlite volcano was determined at a
depth of 723 km.
• By scanning the section from the surface, with step of 1 m,
the upper edge of the kimberlite volcano was fixed at a depth
of 120 m. By scanning the section from 100 m, step 10 cm,
signals at diamond frequencies began to be recorded from
152 m.
• Frequency-resonance processing of a satellite image of a
block fragment in the area of ​​the drilled wells (rectangular
contour in figure A) from the surface recorded responses of
oil, condensate, bacteria, phosphorus, dead water, diamonds,
graphite. Also received responses from the 7th group of
sedimentary rocks (limestones) and the 11th group of igneous
rocks (kimberlites). On the surface of 10 km from the lower
part of the section, signals from the 7-10th groups of
sedimentary rocks were not received, but from kimberlites
were recorded immediately. By scanning the section with
steps of 1 m and 10 cm, the lower boundary of the limestones
was fixed at a depth of 4676 m.
Oil responses from limestones were recorded from the
surface, as well as at the 2770 m boundary from the
lower and upper parts of the section. By scanning the
section from 2770 m, step 1 cm, responses of oil from
limestones were obtained from the intervals: 1) 2771-
2794 m, 2) 2795.3-2815.45 m, 3) 2834.40-2854 m.
At the surface of 2854 m, no oil responses were obtained
from the lower part of the cross-section. At the surface of
2771 m, the signals from oil were absent from the upper
part of the section but were received from the lower part.

13. Instrumental measurements in Halabja
• Frequency-resonance processing of a satellite image of the block (Figure
B) from the surface recorded responses (signals) at the frequencies of oil,
condensate, gas, phosphorus, bacteria, sodium chloride and sedimentary
rocks of the 8th (dolomite) group.
• At the 57 km hydrocarbon synthesis boundary, responses were
recorded at the frequencies of oil, condensate and gas. By fixing the
responses at different depths, the root of the salt volcano was fixed at a
depth of 470 km. By scanning the section from the surface, step 50 cm,
the upper boundary of the salt was fixed at a depth of 480 m. On the
surface of 480 m, signals at the frequencies of dolomites and gas were
received from the upper part of the section; there were no responses from
salt and oil. During frequency-resonance processing of a satellite image
of a block fragment (rectangular contour in Figure A) from the surface,
no responses of condensate from the 2nd and 7th groups of sedimentary
rocks, as well as the 7th group of igneous rocks were obtained. Signals
from oil, condensate and gas from salt were recorded from the surface.
A - The position of the Halabja exploration area;
B - Satellite image of the Halabja area.
When scanning the section from 480 m, step 50 cm, the
responses from oil were obtained from two intervals:
1) 1140-1200 m, and 2) 3310-3340 m (traced up to 4 km).
(Figure B).
In Figure A by scanning the section from the surface, step 1 m, responses of oil from salt were recorded from the
following intervals: 1) 295-350 m, 2) 1190-1260 m, 3) 2015-2320 m (traced up to 5 km).When refining the depths of
the 1st interval with a step of 5 cm, oil responses were recorded from horizons 1) 297-311.5 m, 2) 328-330 m, and in
the third interval- from 1) 2018-2020 m, 2) 2059-2061 m, 3) 2132-2133 m, 4) 2192-2201 m, 5) 2249-2276 m, 6) 2307-
2310 m, 7) 2317-2321 m, 8) 2326-2329 m. When refining the depths of the fifth layer in the 3rd interval by scanning
with a step of 1 cm, the responses of oil from salt were obtained from the layers: 1) 2249.5-2250.8 m, 2) 2252-2252.8
m, 3) 2254.2-2264.75 m, 4) 2266-2269.8 m, 5) 2271.25-2275.75 m.

14. Results of instrumental measurements in Shakal structure
The results of the conducted experimental research of a reconnaissance nature within two blocks
in Kurdistan allow us to state the following:
A) The fixation of responses at the frequencies of hydrocarbons during the frequency-resonance
processing of local fragments of images of blocks indicates the expediency of conducting
prospecting works within their limits of a detailed nature.
B) According to the results of scanning the section within the local area of ​​the Shakal block, the
interval of the section 2760-2865 m (approx. Eocene-Jaddala formation) is promising for
prospecting for oil deposits.
Note:
In the well Shakal-1 cased-hole DST of the lower Jaddala (2799.6-2812), resulted in flow rates as
high as 1100 BOPD; and cased-hole DST of the upper Jaddala (2777-2789), resulted in a peak
flow rate of 1450 BOPD. The closed-hole tests all resulted in a rapid decline of flow and pressure,
suggesting a small reservoir volume in the area of the well. Reserve potential as proven by the well
was apparently noncommercial. Shakal-2 well from Jaddala Well Briefly flowed hydrocarbons to
surface (400-500 bpd). Above Jaddala in Euphrates the interval was very poor and was poor
flow from the reservoir. The well Shakal-3 were almost dry hole.
Recomendation: To record the responses from the layers, it is necessary to scan the section with
a step of 1 cm, or smaller.

15. Results of instrumental measurements in Halabja structure
Within the local area of ​​the Halabja block, intervals of 295-335 m (Miocene); 1200-1250 m ; 2015-2330 m ;1140-1200 m,
and 3310-3340 m are promising for oil prospecting (Palaeocene- Cretaceous-Jurassic Possibly Triassic)
Note:
Depth range of our prognosed intervals of oil much closer to Qara Dagh HC intervals from the same reservoirs.
In terms of surface geology, it assumed that Jurassic, Triassic, possibly Upper Paleozoic deposits are promising in Halabja
block.
Note: QaraDagh well (TD 4196m) encountered anomalously thick Aaliji (1160m) and Tanjero (1450m) sections and was
unable to reach the prognosed Jurassic and Triassic objectives. Oil was recovered. Test results were inconclusive due to
unexpected technical reason
The materials of the studies carried out at the sites in Kurdistan demonstrate the
operability and efficiency of the direct-prospecting technology of frequency-
resonance processing of satellite images and photo images in the search for
accumulations of hydrocarbons on onshore.
Recommendation: The obtained values of the parameters of the cross-section
at the survey sites in Kurdistan are integral estimates - not point-to-point. To
obtain point estimates, it is necessary to process small fragments of satellite
images (or photo images). A limited amount of measurement procedures has
been carried out when conducting research on individual objects. The
highlighted intervals of responses at the frequencies of oil and gas with
scanning steps of 100 cm, 50 cm and 10 cm are the areas of prospecting for oil
and gas reservoirs

16. Conclusions
• In Shakal and Halabja blocks an experimental studies were carried out using mobile direct-search
technology, frequency-resonance processing and decoding of remote sensing data (satellite images)
and photographs . The individual components (methods) of the technology used are developed on the
principles of the "material" paradigm of geophysical research , the essence of which is to search for a
specific (required in each case) substance - oil, gas, gas condensate, gold, iron, water, etc. etc.
• The low-cost technology as a whole, as well as its individual methods, can be used in various regions
for a preliminary assessment of the oil and gas potential of poorly explored and unexplored
prospecting blocks and local areas. (Case study: Halabja)
• Additional studies carried out promptly using direct-prospecting methods at local drilling sites of
prospecting and exploratory wells will contribute to an increase in the drilling success rate (an
increase in the number of wells with commercial hydrocarbon inflows). (Case study Shakal).
• Well placement in the areas of vertical channels of fluid migration can lead to an increase in
hydrocarbon inflows. Mobile technology can also be successfully applied to investigate poorly
explored areas and blocks within known oil and gas fields.

17. Low Fold Belt
• 36 total identified structures
• 27 structures with shows
• 3 failed structures
• 6 undrilled blocks
• Geologic Success Rate: 90%
▪ High Fold Belt
• 25 total identified structures
• 11 structures with shows
• 4 failed structures
• 2 structures currently being
tested
• 9 undrilled blocks
• Geologic Success Rate: 73.3%
▪ Thrust belt
• Remains untested
Shakal & Halabja blocks (QaraDagh
block closed to Halabja) are in the
vicinity of significant oil and gas
discoveies;
Southern part of KRI contains lighter oil
Charge – Discoveries & Exploration Successes.

18. Thank you very much for your attention

19. Additional slides in case of questions

20. Research method work flow
During frequency-resonance processing in the reconnaissance mode of prepared fragments of satellite
images and photo images, the processing graph is used, which includes the following sequence of actions
(steps).
1. Fixation from the Earth's surface of the presence (absence) of responses (signals) from the set of
minerals and chemical elements: oil, condensate, gas, amber, phosphorus, oil shale, argillite breccia,
gas hydrate rocks, gas hydrates, coal, hydrogen, living water (deep water), dead water, diamonds, gold,
lonsdaleite, potassium-magnesium salt, sodium chloride salt, etc.
2. Registration of responses from groups of sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks, composing the
section.
3. Establishment of the presence on the survey area of deep channels (volcanoes), filled with various
groups of rocks; determination of the depths of the volcanoes root’s location.
4. Performing the procedure of recording responses from oil, condensate, gas, and amber on the surface
(depth) of 57 km - the boundary of the synthesis of hydrocarbons and amber in deep channels
(volcanoes), filled with certain groups of rocks.
5. Fixation on the surface (depth) of 1 m of responses from the upper part of cross-section (near-surface
layer) from oil, condensate, gas and phosphorus, carbon dioxide to establish (confirm) the fact of
migration of their traces to the surface.
6. Using the cross-section scanning procedure, the depths intervals of the response at the frequencies of
oil, condensate, gas, hydrogen, and deep water are determined and refined