construction technology

1. TUTORIAL PRESENTATION
Q8
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONS)
BLD 60204 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY II
SECTION 3 | GROUP 1

2. 1
Differences between end bearing & friction
pile

3. compare
End Bearing Pile Friction Pile
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN END BEARING & FRICTION PILE

4. End Bearing Pile Friction Pile
These piles are used to transfer load through water or soft
soil to a suitable bearing stratum.
These piles are used to transfer loads to a depth of a
friction load carrying material by skin friction along the
length of pile.
The bottom end of the pile rests or penetrate on a layer of
strong soil or rock. (Supported by hard strata)
Known as floating pile where the toes of the pile do not
rest or penetrate into the firm layer of high bearing
capacity soil which is too deep inside the ground. (Not
supported by hard strata)
The load of the building is transferred through the pile
onto the hard strata, and also receive lateral restraint
from subsoil. In a sense, this pile acts like a column.
The load of the building is transferred to the adjoining
soil by skin friction between the surface of the pile and
soil, which in effect lowers the bulb of pressure. In other
words, the entire surface of the pile is works for
transferring the forces to the soil.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN END BEARING & FRICTION PILE

5. End Bearing Pile Friction Pile
Load Bearing Resistance derived mainly from base.
Load Bearing Resistance derived mainly from skin friction.
Develop most of their friction at the toe of the pile, bearing on
a firm layer.
Develop most of the pile bearing capacity from the shear
stresses along the sides of pile, and are suitable where harder
layer are too deep.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN END BEARING & FRICTION PILE

6. 2
Process of precast
piles

7. PROCESS OF PRECAST PILES
 Precast construction is considered quick compared to cast in situ
construction as it can be installed immediately and there is no waiting for
it to gain strength.
 Driven precast piles are constructed by hammering the pile into the
ground by pile driving plant.
 Piles of timber, pre-stressed concrete and steel are also used in this
method.
Shoe to ease
driving

8. PROCESS OF PRECAST PILES
Positioning of the prefabricated
pile
The pile is driven into the soil
with an impact pile driving
hammer (diesel hammer or
hydraulic drop hammer).
Special timber packing or a
synthetic cushion block lends
adequate protection to the pile
during driving.
&
With control of driving achieved
by measuring the set, the pile is
driven into the resistive soil
layer to a depth equal to one
time the pile diameter.
1
2
3 4

9. PROCESS OF PRECAST PILES
Different founding levels
Reduce the section length
Ensuring minimum waste and a
safer working environment
Sectional Precast Concrete Piles

10. 3
Advantages of Continuous Flight
Auger

11. ADVANTAGES OF CFA
 Low Vibrations and noise
 Quick installation
 Economical
 Can see soil conditions
 Casing not required
 Can be installed in a batter
 Can be installed in low headroom

12. 4
Manufacturing process of
reinforced concrete piles

13. MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE PILES
1. Raw material preparing
- steel bar & wire
2. Steel bar cage making
3. Concrete feeding
- the specially formulated high strength concrete is placed into the bottom half of the mold
4. Case covering & Bolt tightening
- the mold is bolted closed
5. Steel bar tensioning
6. Rotary molding
- level 1-7 for 11 minutes
- the mold is spun at a high rate, the centrifugal force compresses the concrete against the
inner wall of the mold
7. Steam chamber
- curing for 12 hours
8. Demolding case
Video :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOhgMpk9Zu4

14. 5
Precaution measure when
placing concrete through
tremie pipe

15. PRECAUTIONS WHEN PLACING CONCRETE THROUGH TREMIE PIPE
• The pile should be concreted wholly by tremie and the method of
deposition should not be changed part way up the pile
 to prevent laitance from being entrapped within the pile
• Concrete should be placed in sufficient quantity
 to ensure that during withdrawal of the tube, a sufficient head
of concrete is maintained to prevent the in-flow of soil and
water or bentonite slurry.
• The top of the concrete in a pile shall be brought above the cut-off level
 to allow removal of all laitance and weak concrete before
capping
 to ensure good concrete at the cut off level for proper
embedment into the pile cap

16. PRECAUTIONS WHEN PLACING CONCRETE THROUGH TREMIE PIPE
• When concreting is carried out under water, a temporary casing should be
installed to the full depth of the bore hole so that fragments of ground cannot
drop from sides of the hole into concrete as it is placed. When concreting
under bentonite slurry, temporary casing is required only near the top
• The tremie pipe and hopper should be a closed system to prevent penetration
of water to prevent laitance
• All tremie tubes should be scrupulously cleaned after use
*Definition of laitance: an accumulation of fine particles on the surface of fresh
concrete due to an upward movement of water (as when excessive mixing water is
used)

17. 6
Sectional view sketch of pile
cap, stump & reinforcement

18. SECTIONAL VIEW OF A PILECAP

19. ANY QUESTIONS?

20. THANK YOU !
STOP

21. SECTION 3 | GROUP 1
DR MYZATUL AISHAH
KAMARAZALY
DAPHNE TAN
KAREN LIM
LAU WAN YEE
LIM XIAO SHI
LOH WEI TING
LOW WAN JING
NGEOW YEE LING
SAHIL GUNESH
LECTURER
0329055
0329431
0328947
0324410
0328314
0329214
0329178
0328569
THE END!