Brazil is one of the leading countries in designing and implementing a REDD+ scheme. This presentation analyses the political process with its multitude of actors involved, their positions and relations, and the coalition building around REDD policy design. It presents the results of a study that reveals the dynamics of policy networking at a crucial moment of REDD in Brazil. Maria Fernanda Gebara gave this presentation on 18 June 2012 at a panel discussion organised by CIFOR and partners at the ISEE 2012 Conference at Rio, which convened under the topic "Ecological Economics and Rio+20: Challenges and Contributions for a Green Economy". The panel was titled ‘National strategies for reducing emissions from avoided deforestation and degradation – how much transformational change is possible in current political and economic realities? Part II – A policy network perspective’. For more information, visit http://www.cifor.org/rio20/

1. Networks,
Actors and
Power:
A case study of
REDD+ in
Brazil
Global
Compara+ve
Study-­‐REDD+
Interna+onal
Society
for
Ecological
Economics
-­‐
ISEE
Maria
Fernanda
Gebara,
Shaozeng
Zhang,
Leandra
Fatorelli
and
Peter
May
June
2012
–
Rio
de
Janeiro

2. REDD+ in Brazil
Na+onal
Interagency
REDD+
Na+onal
Strategy
Task
Force
Zero
Plan
for
Compensated
Deforesta+on
Climate
Na+onal
Policy
for
Sub-­‐na+onal
Reduc+on
Pact
Change
Climate
Change
Ini+a+ves
2003 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Voluntary
JUMA
NAMAs
WGs
REDD+
Amazon
Fund
PPCDAM
Regime
and
PES
Principle
and
Bills
Criteria
PPCerrado
More
than
50
FIP
projects
Brazil and REDD+ - Timeline ABC
Plan
THINKING beyond the canopy

3. REDD+ PNA in Brazil
Objec&ve:
To
characterise
the
actors
related
to
REDD+
in
Brazil
who
interact
in
more
variant
forms
of
poli&cal
processes
across
different
levels,
iden+fying
their
main
rela&ons
and
influences.
Research
Ques&ons:
§ Who
are
the
actors
and
networks
influencing
REDD+
policymaking
in
Brazil?
§ What
are
the
surrounding
poli+cs
related
to
REDD+
in
Brazil?
§ What
are
the
implica+ons
of
policy
network
dimensions
to
REDD+
implementa+on
in
Brazil?
THINKING beyond the canopy

4. Methods
§ Iden+fica+on
of
ins+tu+ons
based
on
preliminary
research
with
focus
on
the
emerging
REDD+
policy
networks
§ Na+onal
Level
§ Jun.
2010-­‐Sept.
2011
§ REDD+
Related
Ac+vi+es
§ Posi+on
on
REDD+
issues
3Es
+
§ Networks
§ Effec+veness
§ Policies
and
Processes
§ Efficiency
§ Events
§ Equity
§ General
Informa+on
§ Co-­‐benefits
§ Open
Ques+ons
THINKING beyond the canopy

5. Methods
Total
of
64
ins&tu&ons
selected
§ Na+onal
Government
agencies
(20):
§ Na+onal
Research
Ins+tu+ons
(4):
§ Domes+c
NGOs
(14):
§ Interna+onal
NGOs
(8)
§ Na+onal
Business
Organiza+ons
(6):
§ Interna+onal
Government
Agencies
(2):
§ Donors
(2):
THINKING beyond the canopy

6. Results
Influence
of
actors
THINKING beyond the canopy

7. Results
Collabora&on
between
actors
THINKING beyond the canopy

8. Results
Scien&fic
Informa&on
THINKING beyond the canopy

9. Results
Resource
Flow
THINKING beyond the canopy

10. Results
General
Percep&ons
§ Majority
called
for
a
na&onal
REDD
regime/structure
as
soon
as
possible,
but
they
disagreed
with
each
other
as
to
whether
all
REDD+
accoun&ng
and
payments
should
go
through
the
na&onal
governments.
§ The
biggest
challenge
for
REDD+
as
perceived
by
most
of
par+cipants
was
to
achieve
effec&ve
coordina&on
between
state
agencies,
the
private
sector,
and
civil
society.
§ The
great
majority
(83%)
agreed
that
REDD+
should
mainly
reward
local
people
for
emission
reduc&on
ac&vi&es.
Another
79%,
agreed
that
REDD+
schemes
should
always
require
permission
from
local
forest
resource
users
in
the
form
of
Free,
Prior
and
Informed
Consent.
§ Most
ac+vity
directly
related
to
REDD+
was
networking
and
providing
discussion
forum.
THINKING beyond the canopy

11. Results
Implica&ons
for
the
3Es
§ The
effec&veness
of
REDD+
went
unques&oned
by
many
surveyed
organiza+ons
§ The
efficiency
of
REDD+
was
addressed
in
similar
way,
and
a
“nested
approach”
was
suggested
by
many
§ The
issue
of
equity
and
co-­‐benefits
of
REDD+
was
widely
debated
and
contested
by
the
policy
actors,
especially
those
of
the
civil
society
§ The
majority
of
the
surveyed
organiza+ons
agreed
that
all
REDD+
schemes
should
also
require
the
realiza+on
of
other
key
benefits
as
poverty
reduc&on
and
maintenance
of
biodiversity
§ At
interna+onal
level,
a
half
of
the
organiza+ons
were
not
sure
about
whether
REDD+
will
assure
fairness
in
the
interna+onal
distribu+on
of
environmental
costs
and
benefits
à
“it
depends”
on
the
evolu+on
of
REDD+
policies
§ Conflicts
over
forest
land
and
forest
resources
are
believed
by
many
to
challenge
the
equity
and
fair
co-­‐benefit
sharing
of
REDD+
THINKING beyond the canopy

12. Conclusions
§ REDD+
as
a
new
policy
arena
that
puts
various
organiza&ons
into
actor
networks
and
poli+cal
plays.
It
redeploys
exis&ng
organiza&ons
(MMA/INPE)
for
new
tasks
and
gives
birth
to
new
ones
(Amazon
Fund)
to
work
with
REDD+
specific
issues
§ Central
nodes
in
terms
of
coordina+on
and
influence:
MMA
and
IPAM
§ Effec+veness
and
efficiency
need
to
be
beYer
addressed
§ The
equity
and
co-­‐benefits
of
REDD+:
well
debated
and
contested,
but
not
guaranteed
§ Need
for
coordina&on
between
different
levels
and
sectors
of
governance
THINKING beyond the canopy

13. Obrigada!
Maria Fernanda Gebara, Phd Candidate (UFRRJ/CPDA)
Fundação Getulio Vargas
mfgebara@gmail.com
www.forestsclimatechange.org THINKING beyond the canopy