Presented by Virni Budi Arifanti, Principal Researcher, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) at "Blue Carbon Dialogue: From science-based policy to implementation" in Bogor, 20 February 2024.

1. THE ROLE OF MANGROVE BLUE CARBON RESEARCH
TO SUPPORT NATIONAL CLIMATE MITIGATION EFFORTS
Virni Budi Arifanti, Ph.D.

2. ROLE OF MANGROVES IN CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
Mangrove TECS in Indonesia: 1083 MgC ha-1
Blue carbon ecosystems have high
rates of carbon sequestration

3. MANGROVE DEFORESTATION IN INDONESIA
• Deforestation exceeds reforestation
• Mangrove gross deforestation rate in Indonesia is estimated at 18,209
ha yr-1 (Arifanti et al., 2021)
• Mangrove net emission rate is 28 Tg CO2e year-1 (Arifanti et al., 2022)

4. CARBON DYNAMICS AND C FOOTPRINT
q The emissions from the production of 1
kg of black tiger shrimp is equivalent to
burning 548 gallons or 2074 liters of
gasoline (Arifanti et al., 2019).

5. GHG FLUX MEASUREMENTS
q Measurements of CO2 and CH4 fluxes
q Effects of environmental parameters (salinity, pH, etc.)
Source: Arifanti et al., 2024 (under review)

6. ü EFs included AGC, BGC, soil C and CO2 flux
ü Efs specific for main Indonesia’s regions
ü EFs specific for land cover change types
IMPROVED MANGROVE EMISSION FACTORS

7. Mangrove blue carbon export showing how submarine groundwater
discharge (SGD)-derived pCO2 is metabolized by seagrasses before
delivery to coastal waters in more pristine mangrove ecosystems (Macklin
et al., 2021)
Potential interactions of SGD with surrounding surface waters in mangrove
forests (Macklin et al., 2021)

8. BLUE CARBON POLICY AND GHG EMISSION REDUCTION STRATEGY -
SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM PERSPECTIVES
STUDY SITES
(1) Kepulauan Seribu
(2) Lombok
(3) Kepulauan Raja Ampat
(4) Bintan
ü Species diversity
ü C stocks
ü Emission factors
ü Economic valuation
ü BC policy

9. INDONESIA’S MANGROVE CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION POTENTIAL
Mangrove mitigation potential in Indonesia 2020-2030 (Arifanti et al., 2022):
q Mangrove conservation: 32 Tg CO2e year−1
q Mangrove restoration: 8.9 Tg CO2e year−1
q Mangrove conservation and restoration: 41 Tg CO2e year−1

10. CIFOR-ICRAF
CIFOR-ICRAF harnesses the power of trees, forests and agroforestry landscapes
to address the most pressing global challenges of our time - biodiversity loss,
climate change, food security, livelihoods and inequity.
THANK YOU