The document outlines a training workshop on Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+), held in Nairobi, Kenya. It discusses mechanisms for incentivizing land managers to conserve or enhance environmental benefits, addressing challenges such as conditionality, cost, and potential discrimination. The document emphasizes the need for realistic expectations regarding PES outcomes and the importance of context in implementing these schemes.

1. Introduction to PES and REDD+Implications for participating land managersTraining Workshop on Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+)Nairobi, Kenya - August 8th, 2011SARA NAMIREMBEWorld Agroforestry Center

2. Payments for Ecosystems servicesAccesses markets and new financing for conservationProvision of incentives or rewards to land managers for implementing practices that conserve or enhance a clearly defined natural or ecological benefit(s).Not a win-win solution - hard trade-offsVoluntaryConditional – Buyer makes direct payments based on performance

3. REDD - Reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation ‘plus’REDD-plus seeks to reward governments, companies or forest owners in developing nations for keeping tropical forests instead of cutting them down Reservoirs: forests store about 638 GtC

4. SomekeyconceptsBaseline– A referencescenariopredictingwhatthesituationwouldbewithoutprojectinterventionAdditionality–Provingthat ES fromprojectimplementation are improvedover and abovethebaselinescenarioLeakage–Risk of ecosystemdestructionresultingfromprojectimplementationPermanence– Emissionreductionsfromprojectimplementation are sustainedfor ‘longenough’

5. Conditions for PESProfitability of PES exists compared to existing landusesThe beneficiaries have the capacity and are willing to pay for these actionsA defined group of people is willing to undertake these actions – sellers. Certain actions can be taken to conserve, restore or enhance that environmental serviceThe service is of great importance to a well defined group of people - beneficiariesAccess to a clearly defined environmental service is not optimum, or is under threat or declining – baseline

6. ActorsWHO PAYS?Companies: Airlines, courier; Coca cola; breweries; Mining; Water bottling; Irrigation

7. Banks: World Bank – Ug, Tz

8. Governments: Norway, US, South Africa, Zambia

9. Events: CHOGM; World cup

10. Celebrities in music and filmWHO GETS PAID?CommunitiesGovernmentsIndustryLarge-scale investorsWHO FACILITATES?Regulators

11. Brokers