Case Studies fom Uganda

1. Integrated Management of of Fruit Flies
(Diptera: Tephritidae): Case Studies from
Uganda
B. E. Isabirye, A. Mayamba, E. Zziwa, A. M. Akol, C.K. Nankinga, I. Rwomushana

2. Background…
Agriculture…Global and Uganda
Employs 45% of the working
global population and over 80%
in most parts of Africa and Asia!
Uganda
•Export: 90%
•Employment: 80%
•People living in rural areas : 85%
•Source of raw materials…….
2

3. Fruit industry in Uganda….the positive side!
3

4. Bad news for most fruit producers!
4

5. Bad news for fruit Export!
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
Y2003 Y2004 Y2005 Y2006 Y2007 Y2008 Y2009 Y2010
(Source: UNEPB)
Value(US$)
Volume(Tonnes)
Period (Years)
Volume (Tonnes) Value (US$)
5

6. Negatively affect fruit trade
6

7. This Review….
Milestones and Achievements
.
7
• Status of Knowledge
• Diversity and Distribution
• Host utilization
• Farm level Management
• Citrus Research International (CRI)
• Millennium Science Initiative-MSI
• Agricultural Technology and Agribusiness
Advisory Services- ATAAS
• Future plans and Way forward

8. Status of Knowledge:
DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION IN UGANDA
8
3 3
2 2
26
1 1
44
1
2
17
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Species= 102
Genera=11

9. Status of Knowledge:
DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION IN UGANDA
9

10. Status of Knowledge:
HOST UTILIZATION IN UGANDA
10
6
9
9
9
8
5
4
3
2
6
5
4 4
3
2
1 1 1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16 Annonaceae
Solanaceae
Rutaceae
Anacardiaceae
Myrtaceae
Cucurbitaceae
Moraceae
Sapotaceae
Rosaceae
Lauraceae
Rubiaceae
Caricaceae
Combretacaea
Sterculiaceae
Vitaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Musaceae
Verbenaceae
SpeciesRichness
Plant Families
Plant Richness Fruit Fly Richness

11. Status of Knowledge:
HOST UTILIZATION IN UGANDA
11
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
Terminaliacatappa
Psidiumguanjava
Mangiferaindica
Perseaamericana
Citruslimon
Citrussinensis
Citrusreticulata
B.dorsalis(%)
Positivity(%)
Fruit Species
B. invadens (%) Overall Positivity (%)

12. Mango Fruit Host Utilization
Status of Knowledge:
HOST UTILIZATION IN UGANDA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Keitt
Kate
Biire
Glen
Zillette
Boribo
Kagogwa
Apple
Dodo
Palvin
Kent
Tommy
Positivity(%)
Infestation(Larvae/Kg)
Mean/ Kg Positive (%)ALL ZONES
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Keit
Tommy
Kagogwa
Biire
Dodo
Kent
Boribo
Palvin
Apple
Kate
Glen
Zillette
Positivity(%)
Infestation(Larvae/Kg)
Mean Positive (%)WMHF
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Kate
Kagogwa
Biire
Tommy
Apple
Keitt
Boribo
Palvin
Zillatte
Glen
Dodo
Kent
Positivity(%)
Infestation(Larvea/Kg)
Mean/ Kg Positive (%)LVC
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
Zillette
Biire
Kagogwa
Apple
Dodo
Kent
Glen
Tommy
Kate
Boribo
Palvin
Keitt
Infestation(Larvae/Kg)
Positivity(%)
Mean/Kg Positive (%)NMF
12

13. FARM-LEVEL MANAGEMENT: IPM Initiatives
13
Fragmented Production landscapes!!!
Average farm size 2.3ha

14. FARM-LEVEL MANAGEMENT
14
Citrus Research International, 2010
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
LIRA
APAC
GU LU
OY AM
AM U RU
SOROT I
PAD ER
AG AGO
D OKOLO
AM OLOT AR
KABERAM AID O
LAM W O
KI RY AN D ONG O
NW OYA
KI T G U M
AM U RIA
KAT AKW I
NAKASON GOLA
KU M I
KAM U LI
90 0 90 180 Kilometers
N
N
La
D
%[ M
%[ M
KEY
Management of B.dorsalis
• MAT
• BAT…Mazoferm
• Orchard Sanitation
• Farmer Practice (Conventional
Chemicals: Ridomil, Malathion, etc…)
INVADER-b-LOK™

15. FARM-LEVEL MANAGEMENT
15
CRI Initiative, 2010
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
FP BAT BAT+MAT MAT
FT/T/Day
Treatments
B.invadens FAR C.capitata C.cosyra
a
a
b
b

16. FARM-LEVEL MANAGEMENT
16
CRI Initiative, 2010
Figure : Effect of treatment (BAT+MAT+OS) on citrus fruit fly infestation
in eastern Uganda (NARL Annual Report 2011) .
Figure : Effect of different treatments on the diversity of fruit flies in
citrus orchards in Eastern Uganda (NARL Annual Report 2011).
a
b

17. FARM-LEVEL MANAGEMENT: IPM Initiatives
17
Millennium Science Initiative-2010-2013
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
LIRA
APAC
GU LU
OY AM
AM U RU
SOROT I
PAD ER
AG AGO
D OKOLO
AM OLOT AR
KABERAM AID O
LAM W O
KI RYAN D ONG O
NW OYA
KI T G U M
AM U RIA
KAT AKW I
NAKASON GOLA
KU M I
KAM U LI
90 0 90 180 Kilometers
N
Northern Moist Farmlands
Lakes
District Boundary
%[ Major Sites Sampled
%[ Minor Sites Sampled
KEY
%[%[
%[%[
%[
KASESE
KIRUHURA
KABALE
KYENJOJO
KAMWENG E
MBARARA
NTUNGAMO
KABAROLE
ISINGIRO
RUBIRIZI
RUKUNGIRI
IBANDA
KIBINGO
KISORO
BUSHENYI
NSIIKA
BUNDIBUGYO
MITOOMA
KIBAALE
100 Kilometers
ds
%[
%[%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
BUIKW E
KAM ULI
WAKIS O
MUKO NO
LU WE ER O
MAYUG E
BUG IRI
IGANG A
TO RO RO
JINJA
BUSI A
NAM AYING O
MP IGI
BUDAKA
MBALE
BUTALE JA
KIYU NG A
MANAFW A
BUKE DEA
KAM PALA
70 0 70 140 Kilometers
N
Lake Victoria Crescent and
Mbale farmlands
Lakes
%[ Major Sampled Sites
%[ Minor Sampled Sites
District Boundary
KEY
Management of
B.dorsalis
• MAT
• BAT…Mazoferm
• Orchard Sanitation

18. FARM-LEVEL MANAGEMENT: IPM Initiatives
18
Millennium Science Initiative-2010-2013
Figure : Effect of three main treatments on abundance of fruit fly pests in fruit agro ecological zones in Uganda (MSI, 2013)
* Counts are Mean Monthly counts

19. FARM-LEVEL MANAGEMENT: IPM Initiatives
19
ATAAS-2013-Todate
MAYUG E
BUG IRI
IGANG A
TO RO RO
BUSI A
NAM AYING O
BUDAKA
MBAL E
BUT AL E JA
IYU NG A
MANAFW A
BUKE DEA
70 140 Kilometers
Lake Victoria Crescent a nd
Mbale farmla nds
Lakes
%[ Major Sampled Site s
%[ Minor Sampled Sites
District Boundary
KEY
Eastern
%[
%[%[
%[%[
%[
WA K IS O
LU WE ER O
MP IGI
K AM PA L A
N
Central%[%[
%[%[
%[
KASESE
KIRUH UR A
KABALE
KYEN JOJO
KAMWENG E
MB ARAR A
NTUN GAMO
KABAR OLE
ISIN GIRO
RUB IR IZI
RUK UN GIRI
IB AN DA
KIBINGO
KISOR O
BUSH EN YI
NSIIKA
BUN DIBU GYO
MITOOMA
KIBAALE
100 0 100 Kilometers
N
Lakes
Western Medium-High Farmlands
District Boundary
%[ Major Sampled Sites
%[ Minor Sampled Sites
KEY
Western
Bagging mango fruit 55-60 days from
flower bloom or when the fruits are
about the size of a chicken egg.

20. FARM-LEVEL MANAGEMENT: IPM Initiatives
20
ATAAS-2013-Todate
%[%[
%[%[
%[
KASESE
KIRUHURA
KABALE
KYENJOJO
KAMWENGE
MBARARA
NTUNGAMO
KABAROLE
ISINGIRO
RUBIRIZI
RUKUNGIRI
IBANDA
KIBINGO
KISORO
BUSHENYI
NSIIKA
BUNDIBUGYO
MITOOMA
KIBAALE
100 0 100 Kilometers
N
Lakes
Western Medium-High Farmlands
District Boundary
%[ Major Sampled Sites
%[ Minor Sampled Sites
KEY
%[
BUIKW E
KAM ULI
MUKO NO
MAYUG E
BUG IRI
IGANG A
TO RO RO
JINJA
BUSI A
NAM AYING O
BUDAKA
MBALE
BUTALE JA
KIYU NG A
MANAFW A
BUKE DEA
0 70 140 Kilometers
Lake Victoria Crescent and
Mbale farmlands
Lakes
%[ Major Sampled Sites
%[ Minor Sampled Sites
District Boundary
KEY
%[
%[%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
BUIKW E
KAM ULI
WAKIS O
MUKO NO
LU WE ER O
JINJA
MP IGI
KAM PALA
70 0
N
Eastern CentralWestern

21. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
• A validated provisional package for FF management is in place, can
be upscaled
• Standard guidelines for site-specific implementation of the
different control packages/ approaches needed
• Coordinated national management plan for fruit flies in the
country.
• An effective knowledge hub on aspects of the ecology/ biology
and options for management of fruit flies in the country.
• Development of a national communication strategy that could
identify possible synergies amongst participants
21

22. Supervisors:
Thank You Indeed!!!