2. Conducting an audience analysis
Determining the purpose of the
speech
Selecting a topic
Narrowing down a topic
Gathering data
Speech Writing Process
3. Demography
• age range
• male-female ratio
• educational background
• nationality
• economic status
• academic or corporate designation
Audience Analysis
9. Provides the audience with
well-argued ideas that can
influence their own beliefs and
decisions.
Persuasive Speech
10. Selecting a Topic
•Choose a topic which you’re interested to.
Narrowing down a topic
• Making your main idea more specific
Data gathering
• Collecting ideas, information, sources, and
references relevant and related to the topic.
Selecting a Topic
11. Biographical
•presents descriptions of the life of a
person (generally used when a
speaker wants to describe a
person's life.)
Categorical/ Topical
•presents related categories supporting
the topic
Casual
•Presents cause-effect relationship
Writing Patterns
12.
13. Chronological
•Presents the idea in time order
Comparison/ Contrast
•Presents comparison/contrast of two or
three points
Problem-solution
•Presents an identified problem, its
causes, and recommended solutions
Writing Patterns
14. Outline – an hierarchical list that
shows the relationship of your
ideas.
•Introduction
•Body
•Conclusion
Preparing an Outline
16. Foundation of the speech
Here, the goal is to get the
attention of the audience and
present the subject or main
idea of your speech.
Introduction
17. Restates the main idea of the
speech.
Provides a summary, emphasizes
the message, and calls for action.
Aims to leave the audience with a
memorable statement.
Conclusion
18. Involves correcting errors in
mechanics, such as grammar,
punctuation, capitalization, unity,
coherence, and others.
Editing/Revising
19. According to Andrew Dlugan (2013)
o Edit for Focus
o Edit for Clarity
o Edit for Conclusion
o Edit for Continuity
oEdit for Variety
o Edit for Impact and Beauty
Six Power Principles for
Speech Editing
20. Ensure that everything you have written,
from introduction to conclusion, is related to
your central message.
“So, what’s the point? What’s the message of
the speech?”
Edit for Focus
21. Make all ideas in your speech clear by arranging
them in logical order (e.g., main idea first then
supporting detail, or supporting details first then
main idea).
“I don’t understand the message because the
examples or supporting details were confusing.”
Edit for Clarity
22. Keep your speech short, simple, and clear by
eliminating unrelated stories and sentences and by
using simple words.
“ The speech was all over the place; the speaker kept
talking endlessly as if no one was listening to
him/her.”
Edit for Concision
23. Keep the flow of your presentation smooth by
adding transition words and phrases.
“ The speech was too difficult to follow; I was lost in
the middle.”
Edit for Continuity
24. Add spice to your speech by shifting tone and style
from formal to conversational and vice-versa,
moving around the stage, or adding humor.
“ I didn’t enjoy the speech because it was boring.”
Edit for Variety
25. Make your speech memorable by using these
strategies :
Surprise of the audience
Use vivid descriptive images
Write well-crafted and memorable lines
Use Figures of Speech
“ There’s nothing really special about the speech.”
Edit for Impact and Beauty
26. It gives you an opportunity to identify what works
and what does not work for you and for your target
audience.
Rehearsing
27. Reading your speech aloud
Recording for your own analysis or for your peers
or coaches to give feed back on your delivery.
Some Strategies
28. “ Constant practice makes perfect.”
The Best thing to Remember at
this Stage:
30. 1. Keep your words short and simple.
Your speech is meant to be heard by
your audience, not read.
31. 2. Avoid jargon, acronyms, or technical
words because they can confuse your
audience.
32. 3. Make your speech more personal. Use
the personal pronoun “I,” but take care not
to overuse it. When you need to
emphasize collectiveness with your
audience, use the personal pronoun “We.”
33. 4. Use active verbs and contractions
because they add to the personal
conversational tone of your speech.
34. 5. Be sensitive of your audience. Be
very careful with your language, jokes
and nonverbal cues.
35. 6. Use metaphors and other figures of
speech to effectively convey your point.
36. 7. Manage your time well; make sure
that the speech falls under the time
limit.
42. 1. Read the sample speech below, and
then using the six power principles for
speech editing of Andrew Dlugan, edit
the speech.
2. Underline the part which you think
needs editing for focus, clarity,
concision, continuity, variety, and
impact and beauty.
3. Then, write the revised version in the
second column and principle you used
in the last column. (pages 70-72)
55. ___________ 10. Make your
speech more personal. Use the
personal pronoun “I,” but take
care not to overuse it. When you
need to emphasize
collectiveness with your
audience, use the personal
pronoun “We.”
TRUE OR FALSE
59. Given the situations below, write a speech
considering all the different principles of effective
speech writing. It should have at least between
800 to 1,500 words. Please be guided by the
rubric provided in the next page. (use separate
sheet of paper in writing your speech)
