Pan-Islamism from its birth till the end of time is explained in detail.Maps show the division of Islamic world in different times, which shows the failure or success of Pan-Islamism.

1. PAN-ISLAMISM
BY:- HASSAN ASKARI

2. OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Origin
• Background
• Islamic Gunpowder empires
• During European colonialism
• In British India
• During decolonization
• In Pakistan
• Nowadays
• Prophesies

3. Introduction
• Pan-Islamism is a political ideology advocating the unity of Muslims
under one Islamic country or state often a caliphate or an
international organization with Islamic principles.
• It is one of the ideologies of Muslim Nationalism. Muslim nationalism
is the political and cultural expression of nationalism, founded upon
the religious tenets and identity of Islam. It is further divided into
several ideologies such as, Arab-nationalism, Indian-Muslim
nationalism etc. Pan-Islamism is the type of Muslim nationalism.

6. ORIGIN
• The idea of Pan-Islamism was originated in the state of Medina, after
the birth of Islam in 7th century, approximately 600 years after the
birth of Christianity.
• It was strictly followed and practically imposed during the time of
Holy Prophet(PBUH) and at the time of Islamic Caliphate(specially in
khilafat e rashida).
• Islam promotes the idea of Pan-Islamism as Holy Prophet(PBUH) said
that all Muslims are like one body, if any of it’s part is injured, the
entire body can feel the pain and that Muslims around the globe are
brothers, so the should help each other when needed.

7. Several Quranic verses and Hadis of Holy
Prophet(PBUH) support the idea of Pan-Islamism
such as:-
• Surat al-Hujurat (49:10)
• Surat al-Tawba (9:71)
• Surat Ali Imran (3:103)
• Sahih al-Bukhari (5718)
• Sahih al-Bukhari (5665)
• Sahih Muslim (2586)

9. BACKGROUND
• Pan-Islamism could be seen at its peak from the time of Holy Prophet(PBUH)
till the first division amongst Muslims after the battle of Siffin, where
Muslims were divided into 2 groups , Shian e Ali and Shian e Muawiya and
this division later lead to the 2 major groups amongst Muslims , Shia and
Sunni, which exist till now.
• Although Muslims were divided into several groups, but the political unity
under one Caliph lasted till the fall of Umayyads and the establishment of
Abbasid rule in 750 A.D. in Baghdad. After this, Pan-Islamism was never saw
again practically until now.

11. • After the decline of Abbasid empire, Islamic world was split into
several kingdoms, and the Ideology of Pan-Islamism was lost.

12. Islamic Gunpowder empires
• During the middle- age, we can see the revival of Pan-Islamism as
Ottomans came to power and ruled almost all the area of Islamic
world including other nations who accepted Islam under their rule.
Once again one Islamic state under one caliph was created in the
form of Ottoman Empire.
• The other Muslim populated areas such as Afghanistan and India
were ruled by Mughals and Iran was ruled by Saffavid Empire, so over
all Islamic world was least divided then before and after.

14. European Colonialism
• At the beginning of 18th century, Europeans started colonializing
different areas around the globe, mostly were Muslim populated
areas which again destroyed the unity amongst Muslims and Pan-
Islamism.
• All three empires faced several internal and external challenges which
started their decline and gradually broke them into several pieces
ruled by different rulers(Muslim and non-Muslim), again gashing Pan-
Islamism.

15. • Europeans and other nations such as Russia took grater advantage of
conflicts between Islamic world , mainly Shia Sunni conflict, war
between the gunpowder empires and were able to occupy large area
from them such as Egypt, India, Austria, Greece, Hungary etc.
• Majority of the area was colonialized by European nations specially
England, which increased the interest of Muslims in European culture
of democracy rather then caliphate.

17. British India
• India before British, was ruled by Mughals and in Mughal empire the
ideology of Pan-Islamism was almost not existed as Muslims here
were sharing the land with Hindus so Mughals tried to rule both
equally and were more concerned about there own territories then in
entire Muslim world. However, they do consider ottoman sultan as
their Caliph, unlike saffavids of Persia.
• During British rule Pan-Islamism revived in India, that can be seen
through the Khilafat movement (1919-24) led by Abdul Kalam Azad to
force British to restore the ottoman Caliph of Ottoman empire who
was considered the leader of Sunni Muslims, as an effective political
authority. It was a protest against the sanctions placed on the caliph
and the Ottoman Empire after the First World War by the Treaty of
Sevres.

18. • Several leaders in British India were found of Pan-Islamism and
influenced thousands to follow this ideology e.g. Allama Iqbal
promoted it several time in his speeches and poetry etc.
• Maulana Shaukat Ali, Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari, Maulana Abul
Kalam Azad and several other Muslim leaders in British-India
preached Pan-Islamism in India.
• Abul A'la Maududi, the founder of Jamaat e Islami, was also one of
them, who supported Pan-Islamism in British-India and later in
Pakistan, through his lectures and books.

20. • Famous poetry of Allama Iqbal which shows his support for Pan-
Islamism, specially the last verse.

22. Decolonization
• 20th century is considered as the century of decolonization and Birth
of new countries.
• After the Ottoman defeat in WW1, it was broken into smaller pieces
and was shared amongst the Allied forces. This was not only the
Ottoman empire’s division but the division of the Islamic World and
with it the destruction of Pan-Islamism.
• Several new countries were born, after the European decolonization,
although they were Muslims but divided and once again without one
ruler e.g. Syria, Egypt, Iraq, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, libya and
Pakistan etc.

24. In Pakistan
• Large group of people in Pakistan believes that Pakistan was made for
entire Islamic world and for the Muslims all over the world, so it is its
responsibility to help fellow Muslims countries in there hard times.
This ideology was lead by Abul A'la Maududi (founder of Jamaat e
Islami) and by his followers after his death. He wrote several books to
encourage Pan-Islamism within Pakistan.
• Several events took place in Pakistan which shows the love of Muslim
brotherhood within public such as protest against America in the
favor of Sadam Hussain, people from Pakistan fought in cold war for
Afghanistan.

25. • Pakistan since its independence has practically showed its
commitment to Pan-Islamism. That can be seen through several
measures taken by different governments in Pakistan.
• Pakistan rejected to recognize Israel as a separate country in the
support of Palestine.
• In the 1950s, Pakistan's government aggressively campaigned to
encourage unity amongst Muslims and cooperation between Muslim
states. But the response of most Muslim countries to these Pakistani
endeavors were not encouraging.
• Pakistan helped Arabs in Arab-Israel war (1967).
• Pakistan armed forces recovered khana Kaaba in 1979, when group of
terrorists occupied it.

26. • Political events in the Muslim world in the late 1960s convinced many
Muslim states to shift their earlier ideas and respond favorably to
Pakistan's goal of Muslim unity and abandoned their opposition to a
pan-Islamic platform and such developments facilitated the first
summit conference of Muslim heads of state in Rabat in 1969. This
conference was eventually transformed into a permanent body called
Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC).
• Pakistan’s government helped Afghanistan in cold war against Soviet
union with the help of Unites States.
• Pakistan welcomed Afghan Muajir’s during afghan Taliban- America
war.
• All above examples clearly shows Pakistan’s commitment to Pan-
Islamism as it is always available to help brother Muslim countries
when needed, these are the reason it is called “the Fort of Islam”.

27. • Pan-Islamism has great importance for Pakistan, that is because of
Kashmir issue. As Pakistan is facing Kashmir issue from its birth till
now. This lead to 4 major wars between India and Pakistan. As
Pakistan admire Pan-Islamism so it expect same from other Muslim
countries ,so the can support Pakistan in Kashmir issue.

28. Nowadays
• A recent advocate for Pan-Islamism was late Turkish prime minister
and founder of Millî Görüş movement Necmettin Erbakan, who
championed the Pan-Islamic Union (İslam Birliği) idea and took steps
in his government toward that goal by establishing the Developing 8
Countries (or D8, as opposed to G8) in 1996 with Turkey, Egypt, Iran,
Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria and Bangladesh. His vision was
gradual unity of Muslim nations through economic and technologic
collaboration similar to the EU with a single monetary unit (İslamic
Dinar), joint aerospace and defense projects, petrochemical
technology development, regional civil aviation network and a
gradual agreement to democratic values.

29. • In present time, the president of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan is
considered as the face of Pan-Islamism, as he always speaks out if
anything bad is happening to Muslims around the globe.
• Recently, Imran khan of Pakistan, Tayyip Erdogan of Turkey and
mahathir bin mohamad of Malaysia decided to serve Pan-Islamism by
any means Possible.
• Turkey with Pakistan is working to influence public with the idea of
Pan-Islamism.

30. Prophesies
• Ghazwa e hind is one of the prophecy which several people believes
will happen in south Asia at the end of times.

31. • Arrival of Imam Mehdi. Its is said by the Holy Prophet(PBUH) that
before the day of judgement and after the arrival of Dajjjal, The man
name Mehdi bin Abdullah will appear and once again unites the
Muslims around the globe. He will fight with Dajjal and other Evil
powers. This again shows the importance of Pan-Islamism and that it
will establish allover the world on day.

33. THANK YOU!