This document summarizes a research study on the use of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) blocks in construction projects in India. The study involved surveying engineers, consultants, and traders using a questionnaire to understand their perceptions of AAC blocks compared to clay bricks. The collected data was analyzed using the chi-square test through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The results of the chi-square tests showed that for contractors in Rajkot, engineers in Surat, and contractors in Vadodara, the majority of variables accepted the null hypothesis that AAC block quality is much better than clay bricks. However, for engineers in Vadodara, one variable rejected the null hypothesis. Overall, the

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SOFT COMPUTING: AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE BLOCK
USING CHI-SQUARE TEST THROUGH SPSS
Prof. Mayur S. Vekariya
Head & Assistant Professor, Civil
Engineering dept., Pacific School of Engg.,
Surat, Gujarat, India
mayurvekariya17489@gmail.com
Prashant Sudani
Ph.D. Research Scholar, Civil Engg. Dept.,
College of Engineering, Shivajinagar,
Pune, Maharashtra, India
punesudaniprashant93@gmail.com
Er. Ashish H. Makwana
Consultant, Civil Engineering, Ambika Arts, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
ashish.makwana123@yahoo.com
_________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT
Achieving an economy in Construction nowadays takes a lot of effort. Various researches are being
made to improve the quality of Concrete block so that it can achieve high strength in low weight. One
such product was invented known as an Autoclave Aerated Concrete (AAC) block. Autoclave Aerated
Concrete (AAC) block is attributed with properties such as a load-bearing, lightweight, high-insulating,
and durable. Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) block consists of basic materials that are widely
available including Sand, Cement, Fly Ash, Lime, Gypsum, Aluminium Powder Paste, Water and an
Expansion agent. The major volume in Autoclave Aerated Concrete (AAC) is covered by silica sand
and it is one of the world’s most abundant natural resources. The finished product is up to five times
the volume of the raw materials used, with an air content of 70% to 80% which makes them lightweight.
The effort is made to fulfil the framed objective of this analytical research is to study, Engineer,
Consultants and Trader’s perceptions towards the use of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) block in
construction projects and to analyse, the data collected as per questionnaire survey of targeted
respondents study. This objective was achieved by a deriving conclusion about whether the AAC blocks
are much better than clay bricks or not, by soft computing. The soft computing was done using one of
the Statistical Packages for the Social Science (SPSS) method. i.e. Chi-square test. Required data for
the study was collected through questionnaires that were distributed among the respondents who work
at various construction projects. Mainly Engineers, Consultants, Traders and Contractors were
selected as a respondent to getting efficient and reliable technical data. Result of the survey proved that
the AAC block are better compare to the clay bricks.
Keywords: Autoclave Aerated Concrete Blocks, Ordinary Concrete, Building raw materials,
Construction survey, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)

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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Autoclave Aerated Concrete (AAC) Blocks
Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) block is a lightweight concrete product. Material was
developed in Sweden approximately 85 years ago. But only, as early as 1990 in the Southeast,
it has been used or produced in the United States. It is a lightweight building material that is
easy to build, has great thermal properties and can be easily produced from locally available
materials. AAC is commonly found as masonry block units or as larger planks that can be used
as wall components or as roof or floor components. AAC has a high percentage of air making
up its volume and the materials that are used to make it can be recycled from the waste AAC
material. Recycled AAC blocks can be ground up finely and can be used as the aggregate in
the new mixture. Also, the energy that is required to produce AAC is much lower than other
masonry products. [1]
1.2 Need of Research Work
AAC Blocks is new to the market. There are many types of bricks and blocks for walling
solution are in the market with good strength, price, and new features. Autoclaved aerated
concrete (AAC) block lacks in the field of Construction Management so this approach is
considered by Statistical Concept.
1.3 Objectives of Research Work
 To study of Engineers, consultants and Traders perceptions towards the use of
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) Block in construction projects.
 To analyze the data collected as per questionnaire survey of targeted respondents.
2.0 STATISTICAL PACKAGE FOR THE SOCIAL SCIENCES (SPSS) - SOFTWARE
2.1 Introduction
Statistical Package Social for the Sciences (SPSS) is a software package used for statistical
analysis. SPSS Statistics 17.0 is a comprehensive system for analysing data. SPSS Statistics
can take data from almost any type of file and use them to generate tabulated reports, charts
and plots of distributions, trends and complex statistical analyses. [2]
2.2 User of SPSS – Software
 Market researchers  Government  Education researchers
 Health researchers  Survey companies  Marketing organizations and others

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2.3 Methodology of Research Work
In today’s world, data analysis is very important today for all professionals. So, it is huge
burden on decision maker to make information meaningful and useful. This can further improve
the decisions of the makers.
A questionnaire is prepared and questionnaire survey was completed of targeted respondents
and data are collected. Then, collected data are analyzed through Chi-Square test with the help
of SPSS Software.
2.4 Chi-Square (χ2
) Test
The chi-square test is used to determine whether there is a significant difference between the
expected frequencies and the observed frequencies in one or more categories. [2]
2.5 Sample Size Calculation [2]
n =
𝒎
𝟏+⌊
𝒎−𝟏
𝑵
⌋
………………..(1)
Here, m =
𝐳 𝟐×𝐩×(𝟏−𝐩)
𝐞 𝟐 …...(2)
Where, z = the statistic value for the confidence level used, i.e. 1.96 and 1.645 for 95% and
90% confidence level respectively; p = the value of population that estimated and e = the
sampling error to estimated. Because the value of p is unknown. Snitch et al. (2002) suggest
the value 0.5 to be used in sample size. Here, confidence level is taken as 90%.[2]
m =
𝟏.𝟔𝟒𝟓 𝟐×𝟎.𝟓×(𝟏−𝟎.𝟓)
𝟎.𝟏 𝟐 , m = 67.65
n =
𝟔𝟕.𝟔𝟓
𝟏+⌊
𝟔𝟕.𝟔𝟓−𝟏
𝟓𝟐𝟖
⌋
, n = 60 (Sample Size)
2.6 As per Sample Size Calculation - Opinion Number of Stack Holders
Table 1: Number of Stake holders
Stake Holder Number of Stake Holder Actual Sample size taken
Traders 59 (Ref.: Association of Traders Gujarat) Due to time limitation,
there are 30 (50%)
Stakeholders considered.
Contractors 190 (Ref.: Association of Contractors)
Engineers 279 (Ref.: Association of Engineers)
2.7 Hypothesis (Chi-Square Test)
Null Hypothesis (H0) – AAC block’s quality is much better than Clay Bricks. (α ≤ 0.05)
Alternative Hypothesis (H1) - AAC block’s quality is not much better than Clay Bricks. (α >
0.05)
Criterion note: Reject the null hypothesis if (Calculated) > (Tabulated), the value of for N-1
degree of freedom.

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3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 2: Chi-square Test-Contractors-Surat Table 3: Chi-square Test-Contractors –
Vadodara
Calculated
0.05 1.8 Accepted
0.05 3 Accepted
0.05 4.2 Rejected
0.05 0 Accepted
0.05 4.2 Rejected
0.05 1.9 Accepted
0.05 0.7 Accepted
0.05 3.4 Accepted
0.05 0.2 Accepted3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 3-1=2 degree of freedom
8: AAC block’s lower resistance surface than clay
brick
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 4-1=3 degree of freedom
9: Initial set up cost of AAC block plant costly than
clay bricks plant
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
6: Finishing plaster better in AAC Block than clay
bricks
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 3-1=2 degree of freedom
7: Supply of AAC block is increased to fulfilled
demand of Gujarat region
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
4: Breakage and wastage of AAC block is less. Its
cost saving
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
5: Lack of acceptance to change of AAC Block,
Reason of less usage of it
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
2: AAC block more environmental friendly than
clay bricks
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
3: Lack of suppliers of AAC block, Reason for its
less usage
Part 1: Data analysis and interpretation regarding
Contractors point of view - Rajkot
Significance
Level (α )
Values of ta
Hypothesis
Tabulated
1: Familiarity of clay bricks are the major reason
of its more usage
Calculated
0.05 0.4 Accepted
0.05 0 Accepted
0.05 1.6 Accepted
0.05 0.4 Accepted
0.05 0 Accepted
0.05 0 Accepted
0.05 3.2 Accepted
0.05 3.8 Accepted
0.05 0 Accepted
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated)
>3.841, the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated)
>3.841, the value of χ2
0.05 for 3-1=2 degree of
8: AAC block’s lower resistance surface than
clay brick
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated)
>3.841, the value of χ2
0.05 for 3-1=2 degree of
9: Initial set up cost of AAC block plant costly
than clay bricks plant
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated)
>3.841, the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of
6: Finishing plaster better in AAC Block than
clay bricks
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated)
>3.841, the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of
7: Supply of AAC block is increased to fulfilled
demand of Gujarat region
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated)
>3.841, the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of
4: Breakage and wastage of AAC block is less.
Its cost saving
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated)
>3.841, the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of
5: Lack of acceptance to change of AAC Block,
Reason of less usage of it
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated)
>3.841, the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of
2: AAC block more environmental friendly than
clay bricks
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated)
>3.841, the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of
3: Lack of suppliers of AAC block, Reason for
its less usage
3.841
Part 2: Data analysis and interpretation
regarding Contractors point of view - Morbi
Significance
Level of (α )
Values of ta
Hypothesis
Tabulated
1: Familiarity of clay bricks are the major
reason of its more usage
3.841

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Table 4: Chi-square Test-Engineers - Surat Table 5: Chi-square Test-Engineers –
Vadodara
0.05 3.8 Accepted
0.05 0.2 Accepted
0.05 0.2 Accepted
0.05 0.2 Accepted
0.05 1.8 Accepted
0.05 1.8 Accepted
0.05 3.2 Accepted
Accepted Variables: 87.5
Rejected
Variables: 12.5
Null hypothesis: Approved
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
16: Merits of AAC block comparatively more than
clay bricks
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
Final Result of Contractors by Chi-square Test -
Rajkot:-
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
14: AAC block’s low durability than clay brick
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
15: Quality of AAC block better than clay brick
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
12: AAC block’s low water absorption than clay
brick
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
13: AAC block containing high strength and light
weight compare to clay bricks
10: AAC block’s less porous material than clay
brick material
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 4-1=3 degree of freedom
11: AAC block’s low thermal conductivity than
clay brick
0.05 6.2 Rejected
0.05 0 Accepted
0.05 1.6 Accepted
0.05 0.4 Accepted
0.05 0 Accepted
0.05 0.4 Accepted
0.05 3.6 Accepted
Null hypothesis: Approved
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated)
>3.841, the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of
16: Merits of AAC block comparatively more
than clay bricks
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated)
>3.841, the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of
Final Result of Contractors by Chi-square Test-
Morbi:
Accepted Variables: 93.75
Rejected
Variables: 6.25
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated)
>3.841, the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of
14: AAC block’s low durability than clay brick
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated)
>3.841, the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of
15: Quality of AAC block better than clay brick
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated)
>3.841, the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of
12: AAC block’s low water absorption than
clay brick
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated)
>3.841, the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of
13: AAC block containing high strength and
light weight compare to clay bricks
3.841
10: AAC block’s less porous material than clay
brick material
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated)
>3.841, the value of χ2
0.05 for 3-1=2 degree of
11: AAC block’s low thermal conductivity than
clay brick
3.841
Calculated
0.05 1.667 Accepted3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
Part 3: Data analysis and interpretation
regarding Engineers point of view - Rajkot
Significance
Level (α )
Values of ta
Hypothesis
Tabulated
1: Familiarity of clay bricks are the major
reason of its more usage
Calculated
0.05 0.4 Accepted
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
Part 4: Data analysis and interpretation
regarding Engineers point of view - Morbi
Significance
Level (α )
Values of ta
Hypothesis
Tabulated
1: Familiarity of clay bricks are the major
reason of its more usage
3.841

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0.05 3.267 Accepted
0.05 4.6 Rejected
0.05 0.067 Accepted
0.05 4.6 Rejected
0.05 2.8 Accepted
0.05 0.4 Accepted
0.05 1.4 Accepted
0.05 0.067 Accepted
0.05 9.267 Rejected
0.05 0.067 Accepted3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
10: AAC block’s less porous material than clay
brick material
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 4-1=3 degree of freedom
11: AAC block’s low thermal conductivity than
clay brick
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 3-1=2 degree of freedom
8: AAC block’s lower resistance surface than
clay brick
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 4-1=3 degree of freedom
9: Initial set up cost of AAC block plant is costly
than clay bricks plant.
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
6: Finishing plaster better in AAC Block than
clay bricks
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 3-1=2 degree of freedom
7: Supply of AAC block is increased to fulfilled
demand of Gujarat region
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
4: Breakage and wastage of AAC block is less.
Its cost saving
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
5: Lack of acceptance to change of AAC Block,
Reason of less usage of it
2: AAC block more environmental friendly than
clay bricks
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
3: Lack of suppliers of AAC block, Reason for its
less usage
0.05 0.4 Accepted
0.05 0.4 Accepted
0.05 0 Accepted
0.05 0.4 Accepted
0.05 1.6 Accepted
0.05 1.4 Accepted
0.05 6.8 Rejected
0.05 0.4 Accepted
0.05 1.6 Accepted
0.05 1.6 Accepted
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
10: AAC block’s less porous material than clay
brick material
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
11: AAC block’s low thermal conductivity than
clay brick
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 3-1=2 degree of freedom
8: AAC block’s lower resistance surface than
clay brick
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 4-1=3 degree of freedom
9: Initial set up cost of AAC block plant costly
than clay bricks plant
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
6: Finishing plaster better in AAC Block than
clay bricks
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
7: Supply of AAC block is increased to fulfilled
demand of Gujarat region
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
4: Breakage and wastage of AAC block is less.
Its cost saving
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
5: Lack of acceptance to change of AAC Block,
Reason of less usage of it
3.841
2: AAC block more environmental friendly than
clay bricks
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
3: Lack of suppliers of AAC block, Reason for its
less usage
3.841

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Table 6: Chi-square Test for Traders - Surat
0.05 0.067 Accepted
0.05 0.067 Accepted
0.05 3.667 Accepted
0.05 0.067 Accepted
0.05 3.4 Accepted
Accepted Variables: 81.25
Rejected
Variables: 18.75
Null hypothesis: Approved
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
16: Merits of AAC block comparatively more
than clay bricks
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
Final Result of Engineers by Chi-square Test –
Rajkot:-
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
14: AAC block’s low durability than clay brick
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
15: Quality of AAC block better than clay brick
12: AAC block’s low water absorption than clay
brick
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
13: AAC block containing high strength and
light weight compare to clay bricks
0.05 0.4 Accepted
0.05 0 Accepted
0.05 0.4 Accepted
0.05 0.4 Accepted
0.05 0 Accepted
Null hypothesis: Approved
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
16: Merits of AAC block comparatively more
than clay bricks
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
Final Result of Engineers by Chi-square Test –
Morbi:-
Accepted Variables: 93.75
Rejected
Variables: 6.25
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
14: AAC block’s low durability than clay brick
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
15: Quality of AAC block better than clay brick
3.841
12: AAC block’s low water absorption than clay
brick
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
13: AAC block containing high strength and
light weight compare to clay bricks
3.841
Calculated
0.05 0.2 Accepted
0.05 0.2 Accepted
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
2: Commercial sectors of sailing AAC Block in
your Business
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
Part 5: Data analysis and interpretation
regarding Traders point of view
Significance
Level (α )
Values of ta
Hypothesis
Tabulated
1: Experience in Construction Industry
3.841
0.05 0.4 Accepted
0.05 0.2 Accepted
0.05 0.2 Accepted
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 3-1=2 degree of freedom
4: Rs. 3000/- (cumecs/meter) of AAC Blocks
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
5: From your experience, the AAC blocks
preferred by Public customers
3.841
3: From your experience, give in terms of
percentage for the AAC Block product used in
construction: Normal usage level (65-70%, 70-
3.841

8. TEQIP-III Sponsored National Conference on “Advances in Construction Management” on 6-
7 March, 2020 at College of Engineering, Shivajinagar, Pune-411005, Maharashtra, India
8
Table 7: Chi-square Test Result Summary
Stakeholder
Variables Null
HypothesisAccepted Rejected
Contractor-Surat 87.50% 12.50%
Approved
Contractor-Vadodara 93.75% 6.25%
Engineer- Surat 81.25% 18.75%
Engineer- Vadodara 93.75% 6.25%
Traders-Surat 100% 0%
Overall result 91.25 % 8.75 %
Figure 1: Stakeholder v/s Chi-square Test Result
0.05 1.8 Accepted
0.05 4.2 Accepted
0.05 0.2 Accepted
0.05 0.2 Accepted
0.05 1.8 Accepted
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
10: Lack of acceptance to change AAC Block,
Reason for its less usage
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
8: Manufacturing of AAC Blocks faster than clay
bricks
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
9: Lack of suppliers of AAC Block, Reason for its
less usage
3.841
6: Familiarity of clay bricks: the major reason of
its more usage
3.841
Reject the null hypothesis if χ2
(Calculated) >3.841,
the value of χ2
0.05 for 2-1=1 degree of freedom
7: Less manufactured AAC Blocks in Gujarat,
reason for its less usage
3.841
87.50%
93.75%
81.25%
93.75%
100%
91.25%
12.50%
6.25%
18.75%
6.25%
0%
8.75%
0.00% 20.00% 40.00% 60.00% 80.00% 100.00% 120.00%
Contractor-Surat
Contractor-Vadodara
Engineer- Surat
Engineer- Vadodara
Traders-Surat
Overall result
Variables Rejected Variables Accepted

9. TEQIP-III Sponsored National Conference on “Advances in Construction Management” on 6-
7 March, 2020 at College of Engineering, Shivajinagar, Pune-411005, Maharashtra, India
9
4.0 CONCULSIONS
Following conclusions are drawn after analysing of collected survey data:
 In Chi-square test, it is concluded that 91.25 % variables are accepted at ≤ 5% level of
significance (𝛼) and 8.75 % variables are not accepted.
 So, Null Hypothesis (AAC block’s quality is much better than Clay Bricks.) is
successfully proved by Chi-square test.
5.0 REFERENCES
[1] Bharat G. Bhudiya, Sanjay S. Narola, Ashish H. Makwana, Jayeshkumar Pitroda,
(November 2013), Assessment on Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Blocks using Frequency
Analysis through SPSS software in Charotar Region of Central Gujarat, Journal of International
Academic Research for Multidisciplinary (JIARM, Impact Factor - 1.393), ISSN: 2320-5083,
Volume - 1, Issue - 10, Page. No.: 367 - 386.
[2] Richard A Johnson, Miller & Freund’s Probability and Statistics for Engineers, Ninth
Edition, ISBN 10: 1-292-17601-6, ISBN 13: 978-1-292-17601-7, Pearson Education Limited
2018, Page. No.: 1 – 546.
[3] Ashish H. Makwana, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, (December - 2013), Ingenious Study on
Region wise Price Variation of Construction Raw Materials using Chi-Square Test Through
SPSS Software, Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary (JIARM,
Impact Factor - 1.393), ISSN: 2320-5083, Volume - 1, Issue - 11, Page. No.: 349 - 356.
[4] Dhrumil S. Chokshi, Jayeshkumar Pitroda, Ashish H. Makwana (May 2014), A
Competitive Assessment on Fly-Ash Bricks and Clay Bricks in Central Gujarat Region of India
Using Chi-Square Test (χ2
) through SPSS Software, International Journal of Engineering
Sciences & Research Technology [IJESRT, Scientific Journal Impact Factor: 3.449, (ISRA),
Impact Factor: 1.852], Volume - 3, Issue - 5, Page. No.: 320 - 331.
[5] Farhana M. Saiyed, Ashish H. Makwana, Jayeshkumar, Chetna M. Vyas, (November-
2014), Aerated Autoclaved Concrete (AAC) Blocks: Novel Material for Construction Industry,
International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering, Science, and Management
(http://www.ijaresm.net/Default.aspx) [IJARESM], ISSN: 2394 – 1766, Volume - 1, Issue - 2,
Page. No.: 21 - 32.