A building that uses both technology and process to create a facility that is safe, healthy and comfortable and enables productivity and well-being of its occupants. With lots of energy crisis in today‟s world now it‟s important for architects, engineers and construction managers to make buildings which are energy efficient and intelligent by its functions and as well as its usage, too. Technologies applied in intelligent buildings will improve the building environment and functionality for occupants, while reducing operational costs. Smart or clever buildings, perhaps focus on control systems, but intelligent buildings go far beyond this. An intelligent building has an implicit logic that effectively evolves with changing user requirements and technology, ensuring continued and improved intelligent operation, maintenance and optimization. It exhibits key attributes of environmental sustainability to benefit present and future generations. An intelligent building system concept recognizes that the true cost of the building is not its cost of construction; it must include the operating and maintenance costs over the structure‟s life span. Intelligent buildings yield cost reductions over all these areas by optimizing energy use through automated control, communication and management systems. They also guard against repair costs, employee time, productivity loss, revenue loss and the loss of customers to competitors. Now a day, all heard of „sickbuilding‟ syndrome and the misery this can inflict in the workplace in terms of poor health and lost production. The notion of the Intelligent Building is the modern civil engineer's Big Idea in tackling these and other such deficiencies. The intelligent building can adapt itself to maintain an optimized environment. An intelligent building must be smart enough to vary the environment to suit the users and also to provide various means of communication or network regardless of whether it is internal or external. At an even more fundamental level intelligent buildings can cope with social and technological change and also are adaptable to human needs. This paper provides a review of research era in the area of Intelligent Building with case studies.

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INTELLIGENT BUILDING NEW ERA OF TODAYS WORLD
Darsh Belani1
, Ashish H. Makwana2
, Jayeshkumar Pitroda3
, Chetna M. Vyas4
Final Year Student, ME C E & M., BVM Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India 1
Final Year Student, ME C E & M., BVM Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India 2
Assistant professor, Civil Engineering Dept., BVM Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India 3
Assistant professor, Civil Engineering Dept., A.D. Patel Institute of Technology, New Vallabh Vidyanagar,
Gujarat, India 4
Abstract: A building that uses both technology and process to create a facility that is safe,
healthy and comfortable and enables productivity and well-being of its occupants. With lots
of energy crisis in today‟s world now it‟s important for architects, engineers and construction
managers to make buildings which are energy efficient and intelligent by its functions and as
well as its usage, too. Technologies applied in intelligent buildings will improve the building
environment and functionality for occupants, while reducing operational costs. Smart or
clever buildings, perhaps focus on control systems, but intelligent buildings go far beyond
this. An intelligent building has an implicit logic that effectively evolves with changing user
requirements and technology, ensuring continued and improved intelligent operation,
maintenance and optimization. It exhibits key attributes of environmental sustainability to
benefit present and future generations. An intelligent building system concept recognizes that
the true cost of the building is not its cost of construction; it must include the operating and
maintenance costs over the structure‟s life span. Intelligent buildings yield cost reductions
over all these areas by optimizing energy use through automated control, communication and
management systems. They also guard against repair costs, employee time, productivity loss,
revenue loss and the loss of customers to competitors. Now a day, all heard of „sick-
building‟ syndrome and the misery this can inflict in the workplace in terms of poor health
and lost production. The notion of the Intelligent Building is the modern civil engineer's Big
Idea in tackling these and other such deficiencies. The intelligent building can adapt itself to
maintain an optimized environment. An intelligent building must be smart enough to vary the
environment to suit the users and also to provide various means of communication or
network regardless of whether it is internal or external. At an even more fundamental level
intelligent buildings can cope with social and technological change and also are adaptable to
human needs. This paper provides a review of research era in the area of Intelligent Building
with case studies.
Keywords: Human needs, Intelligent buildings, Modern civil engineer, Technologies

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I. INTRODUCTION
A. Definition
An intelligent building can be defined as “the building that combines the best available
concepts, designs, materials, systems and technologies in order to provide an interactive,
adaptive, responsive, integrated and dynamic intelligent environment for achieving the
occupants' objectives over the full life span of the building.”
B. Overview of Intelligent Building
An Intelligent Building provides a productive, cost effective environment through the
optimization of structure, systems, services and management as well as the interrelationship
between them. It integrates various systems (such as lighting, heating, air conditioning, voice
and data communication and other building functions) to effectively manage resources in a
coordinated mode to maximize occupant performance, investment and operating cost, savings
and flexibility. They yield cost reductions over all these areas by optimizing energy use
through automated control, communication and management systems during its cost post
construction phase. They also guard against repair costs, employee time, productivity loss,
revenue loss and the loss of customers to competitors.
Intelligent buildings transcend integration to achieve interaction, in which the various
independent systems work collectively to optimize the building's performance and constantly
create an environment that is most conducive to the occupants‟ goals. Additionally, fully
interoperable systems in intelligent buildings tend to perform better, cost less to maintain, and
leave a smaller environmentalism print than individual utilities and communication systems.
The tasks that can be efficiently managed by an intelligent building include: power,
security, fire alarm, fire-fighting, air conditioning, diesel generator, water supply, solar
power, solar water heating, access control and lighting. It also helps service engineers to track
the maintenance schedule of machinery and equipment.
An intelligent building helps an organization to fulfil its objectives by facilitating the
management of the resources and thereby increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the
organization. Nowadays, high quality of the intelligent building enables organizations
(institutions) unhindered and efficient operation, growth, organizational restructuring, proper
social relations (ease of space arrangement), not to mention a high level of safety, healthy
internal environment, long-lasting aesthetic values and cost efficiency. Thus, modern
intelligent buildings should fulfil all these requirements.

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The use of integrated and managed building control systems with technological
awareness to create healthy and sustainable environment which is flexible, comfortable,
productive, work efficient, secure and cost effective to satisfy the stakeholders needs while
reducing energy and water consumption. This is being driven by conditions such as
sustainability, stakeholders' expectations and the shifting culture towards value rather than
initial cost – so that quality and whole life costs are taken into account.
C. Fundamentals for Development of Intelligent Buildings
II. THREE CONDITIONS OF SATISFACTION OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING
1) The building should have advanced automatic control system to monitor various
facilities, including air-conditioning, temperature, lighting, security, fire, etc. to provide a
comfortable working environment for the tenants.
2) The building should have good networking infrastructure to enable data flow between
floors.
3) The building should provide adequate telecommunication facilities.
Cost Effectiveness
End User
Satisfaction
Integration of
Building Services
Responsiveness to
changes (Flexibility)

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III. FACTORS AFFECTING CRITERIAS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING
Figure 1: Factors affecting Criterias of Intelligent Building

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1) CR - Construction Requirement
 SLCM - Sourcing Local Construction Materials
 EUW - Efficient Use of Water
 WEL - Water Efficient Landscaping
 MT - Materials: ash bricks, aluminium, frames, glass, Low VOC paint,
and CRI certified Carpeting
2) EC - Environment Control EC
 QUDL - Optimum Use of Day Light
 MAQ-Maintaining Air Quality
 NAF - Natural Air Flow
 IA - Installation Air
 HU - Handling Unit
 CAE - Controlled Air Exhaust
 ULCL - Use of LED and CFL Lighting ULCL
3) WM - Water Management
 RWH - Rain Water Harvesting
 WEPF - Water Efficient Plumbing and Fixtures
 WTR & MD - Water Treatment, Recycling & Minimal Disposal
4) DW-Disposal Waste
 SWCS - Solid Waste Control Strategies
 IP - Ingress Protection: Preventing dust and the external
elements from entering the building
 SNBDD - Separation of non-bio degradable disposables
 GWH - Gray Water Handling
5) IBA - Intelligent Building Aspects
 EEBS - Energy Efficient Building Services
 IM - Information Management
 BAS - Building Automation System
 SI - System Integration
 CWS & ND - Communication Wiring System & Network Design
 FM - Facility Management
 IBT & D - Intelligent Building Technology & Design
 TM - Technology Management
6) IBM-Integrating Building Management
 EM - Energy Management
 AM - Alarm Monitoring
 HS - HVAC System
 PSS - PLC SCADA Software
 LC - Lighting Control
 LM - Lift Management

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IV.ELEMENTS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING
V. INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS A POSSIBLE CONCEPT FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Fly ash based
Concrete Walls
Aerated Concrete
Blocks
High Performance
Glass
Light Pipes
Living Walls
Building integrated
Photo Voltaic
CO2 Sensor Smoke Detector
Motion Sensors Intelligent Building
Managemet System
(IBMS) Control Room
Sewage
Treatment
Plant
Solar Parking Solar Awnings
Water Efficient
Landscaping
Aerated Water
Taps
Waterless
Urinals
Dual Flush
System
Energy
Efficient
Appliances
Inland
Vegetation

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VI.CHARACTERISTICS OF INTELLIGENCE FOR INTELLIGENT BUILDING
VII. DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING
Automation Build Maintain
Monitor Control
Energy efficient
Building services
with proper
selection of
Equipment
Information
Management
Building
Automation System
System Integration
Communication
Wiring system and
Network Design
Facility
Management
Intelligent Building
Technology and
Design
Technology
Maintenance

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VIII. APPLICATIONS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
Figure 2: Applications of Intelligent Buildings
IX.COMPARISON BETWEEN INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS AND ORDINARY BUILDINGS
SN. Intelligent Building Ordinary Building
1.
Intelligent building adjusts the inside functional aspects
such as lighting, ventilation, fire-fighting, air
conditioning, etc. automatically with the changes in
environmental conditions controlled by computer.
Ordinary building there will be different room conditions
depending on the changes in the environmental
conditions.
2.
In an Intelligent Building, the security system,
communication system, etc. are coordinated and
automatically controlled by computer work station.
In an Ordinary Building, the security system,
communication system, etc. are not coordinated and
automatically controlled by computer work station.
3.
The cost of construction of an Intelligent Building is
very high as compared to an ordinary building.
The cost of construction of Ordinary Building is low as
compared to an ordinary building.
4.
The development cost of an Intelligent Building is 8 -
10% higher than that of an ordinary building.
But this can be justified by the resulting energy saving,
which is only 25 – 35% of the energy required by
normal building.
The cost of construction of Ordinary Building is low as
compared to an ordinary building.

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X. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
A. Advantages
B. Disadvantages
In spite of many benefits, the main barriers to the promotion and acceptance of
intelligent buildings can be attributed to the lack of:
•Enhance and protect
biodiversity and
ecosystems
•Improve air and water
quality
•Reduce waste streams
•Conserve and restore
natural resources
Environmental Benefits
•Reduce operating costs
•Create, expand, and
shape markets for green
product and services
•Improve occupant
productivity
•Optimize life-cycle
economic performance
Economic Benefits
•Enhance occupant
comfort and health
•Heighten aesthetic
qualities
•Minimize strain on
local infrastructure
•Improve overall quality
of life
Social Benefits
Financial Resources Confidence to undertake
new and ‘untested’
technologies
Professional capacity to
incorporate and manage
intelligent technologies
Knowledge of developers
and owners on the
environmental impact of
inefficient buildings
Institutional structures
need to encourage and
support uptake of such
technologies

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XI.CASE STUDIES OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING
A. Case Study – 1 [Forum Mall, Bengaluru]
[a]
[b]
Figure 3: Forum Mall, Bangalore
Source: http://www.constructionworld.in/News.aspx?nId=JjDft4lL3daEe1VT5gZ7Tg==
1) Forum Mall Intelligent Building Details:
Floor Area: 3, 50, 000 Sq. ft. (plus 3, 00, 000 Sq. ft. parking)
Developer: Prestige Group
Intelligence Provided: Building Management System (BMS)
BMS Provider: Trend Control Systems, Honeywell

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2) Details of Forum Mall:
350,000 Sq. ft. of people
spread
300,000 Sq. ft. of parking Dual Entrance
Shoppertainment-Ground+4
Floors
Parking: Basement, Surface
+ multi-level parking
Each parking level has
direct access to respective
floors
Premium Finishes Centrally Air-conditioned 100% generator backup
Wide walkways Visitor comfort zones on
each floor
State of the art vertical
transportation
Uniform visibility Staff comfort zones Over 800 car parks
Intelligent Parking System Facilities Management
System
Floor to ceiling height of
3.9m
Flat slab construction Tele-connectivity Specific parking for autos
and tour buses
Round the clock security Efficient freight handling Managed indoor air quality
3) Project Details:
Forum Mall, Bengaluru, India is fitted with a computerized building management system
that „senses‟ where the maximum footfalls are leading and increases the cooling and
ventilation in those areas.
The sensors channels the information to the controllers of the HVAC (heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning, Climate control) systems, which respond accordingly.
Sensors and controllers thus help to optimize the consumption of energy by using
networks to relay intelligent inputs detailing the attributes of the physical environment to
building services systems.
4) Result achieved:
Improved operational efficiency of the entire system with energy savings of 8 to 10%.

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B. Case Study – 2 [Ebene Cyber Tower One, Mauritius]
Figure 4: Ebene Cyber Tower One, Mauritius
Source: http://www.constructionworld.in/News.aspx?nId=JjDft4lL3daEe1VT5gZ7Tg==
1) Management Committee:
Architect: C R Narayana Rao (CRN)
Intelligence Provided: Integrated Building Management System
Provider: Race Technologies
Cost of System: 1.75 to 2 Crore for the Building Management Systems (BMS)
2) System Details
Ebene Cyber City, Mauritius was awarded the Intelligent Building of the year by the
Intelligent Community Forum, USA in 2005. It uses an Integrated Management System
conceived and designed by C. R. Narayana Rao (CRN) and implemented by Race
technologies.

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Comprehensive Integration
of all utilities, including
HVAC automation and
scheduling as per client‟s
requirement.
Integration of
ventilation and exhaust
system to fire and other
systems.
An energy metering system
for accurate tenant billing
for power consumed by
various elements like UPS,
lighting, air-conditioning.
Integration of Fire
Alarm System, Fire Fighting
and Public Address System.
Comprehensive Access
Control System with
integration of CCTV and
Surveillance.
Safety, security
integration with on site and
remote monitoring.
Turnstile barriers to
regulate access in secure
areas.
Central telecom network Electrical systems
monitoring and metering
systems
Lighting management
systems
System with automation of
pumps
Monitoring of Vertical
transportation System
Emergency Voice
Communication System for
Evacuation
XII. CONCLUSION
From this research work, following conclusion are drawn:
 There can be possible aspiration to provide an optimized solution of sustainability and
intelligence that will help the agenda of living in a healthy, comfortable, and
technologically advanced world.
 From a practical perspective, it can provide a way for developers or design teams to
value sustainability of intelligent systems and lay emphasis on a sustainable design
strategy. It can help set up industry standards in the future, which clients can refer to and
decide the best suited intelligent green design for their organizational needs.
 It can also help to enhance the productivity and effectiveness of organizations by
optimizing energy consumption, increase user satisfaction, minimize operating costs, and
address key environmental issues.
 So, an intelligent building can use both technology and process to create a facility
towards safe, healthy and comfortable and enables productivity and well-being of its
occupants. And it can also exhibits key attributes of environmental sustainability to
benefit present and future generations.

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 Though intelligent buildings have a positive impact on the environment, people and
economy, there can be still a wide scope for enhancement. Owing to the continuous,
evolving technological progress that intelligent buildings can be a part of demands
further exploration.
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