Sanctions Permissions Administrative sanction Financial sanction Expenditure sanction Technical sanction AS TS FS Types of estimates perliminary estimate approximate estimate abstract estimate plinth area estimate cubic rate estimate approximate estimate approximate quantity method Detailed estimate Details of measurement Abstract of estimate cost Revised estimate Supplementary estimate Supplementary & Revised estimate Annual repair and maintenance estimate Extension and improvement estimate

1. ESTIMATING & COSTING
ARUN RAVI.K.R
Instructor, Draughtsman (Civil)
Part -2

2. Different Types of Sanctions01
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Different Types of Estimates02

3. Estimate Sanction
Before the execution Three Sanctions are Required
Administrative Sanction
Financial Sanction (Expenditure sanction)
Technical sanction

4. Administrative Sanction (A.S)
For any project an approval or sanction of the competent authority
of the department is necessary at the first instance with respect of the cost
and work. (Sanction from Govt.)
Administrative approval denotes to formal acceptance of the
proposal. After A.S, the engineering department take up the work and
prepares detailed design, plans and estimates and then executes the work.

5. Financial Sanction (Expenditure sanction)
Financial sanction means allotment of fund or money for
a project from the finance department of Government

6. Technical Sanction (T.S)
The sanction of the detailed estimates,
design calculation, quantities of works,
rates and cost of the work by the
competent authority of the engineering
department is known as Technical
Sanction.

7. TYPES OF ESTIMATE

8. Preliminary or approximate or abstract estimate
This type of estimate is required for preliminary studies of
a project, to decide the financial position and policy for
administrative sanction by the competent administrative
authority.
The approximate estimate is prepared
with the practical knowledge and cost of the
similar works. This is also accompanied with
a site plan or layout plan. A percentage of
about 5% to 10% is added as contingencies.

9. Plinth area estimate (P.A. estimate)
This is prepared on the basis of plinth area of building, the
rate being deducted from the cost of similar building having
similar specification, heights and construction, in the locality.
Plinth area estimate is calculated
by finding the plinth area of the building
and multiplying by the plinth area rate.

10. Cubic rate estimate
This is prepared on the basis of the cubical contents of
the building. The cube rate being deducted from the cost of the
similar building having similar specifications and construction,
in the locality.
This is calculated by finding the
cubical content of the building (length
x breadth x height) and multiplied it by
the cube rate.
Cube rate estimate is most accurate
than to the plinth area estimate

11. Approximate quantity method
In this method approximate total length of work is found
in running metre and this total length multiplied by the rate per
running metre of wall gives a fairly accurate cost.
For this method the plan or line plan
of the structure should be available.

12. Detailed estimate
Detailed estimate is an accurate estimate consists of the
quantities of each item of works, and working the cost.
The dimensions, (length, breadth and height) of each item
are taken out correctly from drawing and quantities of each item
are calculated.
The detailed estimate is prepared in two stages.
1) Details of measurement and calculation of quantities
2) Abstract of estimate cost

13. 1) Details of measurement and calculation of quantities
The details of measurement of each item of work are
taken out correctly from plan and drawings and quantities
under each item are computed or calculated in a tabular form
named as Details of Measurement Form (Table 1).

14. 2) Abstract of estimate cost
The cost of each item of work is calculated in a tabular
form from the quantities already computed and total cost is
worked out in abstract of estimate form (Table 2). The rates of
different items of work are taken as per schedule of rates

15. Detailed Estimate Abstract estimate

16. Revised estimate
Revised Estimate is detailed estimate and is prepared
under any one of the following circumstances.
I. When the original sanctioned estimate is exceeds more than
5%.
II. When the expenditure on a work exceeds of administrative
sanction by more than 10%
III. When there are material deviation from the original proposal,
even though the cost may be met from the sanctioned
amount.
The revised estimate should be accompanied by a
comparative statement showing the variations of each
item of works

17. Supplementary estimate
Supplementary estimate is a detailed estimate and is
prepared when additional works are required to supplement the
original works, or when further developments is required during
the progress of work.
This is a fresh detailed estimate of the additional works in
addition to the original estimate.

18. Supplementary and revised estimate
 When a work is partially abandoned and the remaining
work is less than 95% of the original sanctioned estimate.
Or
 when there are material deviations and changes in the design
which may cause excess or saving in the estimate,
A supplementary and Revised Estimate is then prepared
and fresh technical sanction of the competent authority is
obtained.

19. Annual repair or annual maintenance estimate (A.R. or A.M. Estimate):
This estimate is a detailed estimate and is prepared to
maintain the structure or work in proper order and safe
condition.
For building: Includes white
washing, colour washing,
painting, minor repairs etc.
For road works: Tarring patch repairing,
renewals, repairs of bridges and culvert, etc.

20. Extension and improvement estimate
When some changes and
extensions are required to be made in
the old work, the cost of which cannot
be met by the annual
repair/maintenance estimate, a detailed
estimate is prepared for such work
which is called as extension and
improvement estimate.

21. ARUN RAVI.K.R
Instructor, Draughtsman (Civil)
arunravikr@gmail.com
9447622946