You need to get in touch with the best retina specialist in Mumbai if you are facing any kinds of eye problems to detect if there is a problem in any part of the retina, so as to treat it at the earliest.

1. Retina is mainly responsible for converting the incoming light into
nerve signals, which is how the eyes can see objects clearly under
different lighting conditions, day or night. The retina also helps in
recognizing colours by differentiating between the different
wavelengths of light. And, do you know how you can see even the
minutest things such as a strand of hair, or a speck of dust even a
few meters away? Yes, it is thanks to the retina. You can thus
imagine what one can go through if the retina is damaged!
How does the retina work?
 The retina is a plate shaped structure that is a quarter
millimeters in thickness, and consists of three layers of nerve-cell
bodies, which are separated by layers that contain the synapses
made by the axons and dendrites of these cells. The retina
consists of sensory neurons and intricate neural circuits, which
respond to light and perform the primary functions of image

2. processing respectively. Then, an electrical message travels
through the optic nerve to the brain, which further processes the
visual perception.
 The retina has a number of photoreceptors at the back, which
contain pigment molecules that are excited when light touches
them. These photoreceptors are in touch with the epithelial layer
of the eye, which provide a steady stream of retinal molecules.
These molecules, when exposed to light, undergo a
conformational change, and are recycled back into the pigment
epithelium, which contain melanin granules that absorb stray
photons, preventing them from creating a reflection on the
photoreceptors, which makes the images appear blurred.
 There are two types of photoreceptors – the rods used for low
light vision, and the cones for daylight and bright coloured vision.
Can you imagine that such a small human retina consists of 4-5
million cones, and 77-107 million rods? And, the brightest vision
can be experienced when the light directly falls on the Macula
region of the retina, which consists of a large number of small and
tightly packed cones.
 Each photoreceptor cell consists of an outer photopigment
segment, inner mitochondria segment, a nucleus, an inner fiber,
and a synaptic terminal. The photoreceptor cell is connected to
the ganglion cell layer through bipolar cells; and the rods and
cones provide input to these bipolar cells. These ganglion cells
transmit the visual information from the retina to the brain.
The most common retinal diseases
There are various kinds of diseases and disorders that can harm the
retina, which affect the vision, making it blurred or distorted. The
most common retinal diseases include –

3.  Retinal tear or detachment – This damage is caused when the
vitreous moves away from the retina so much that it tears the
retina. Fluid tends to pass through this retinal tear, thus lifting it
off the back of the eye. With such a , theretinal detachment
vision becomes blurred, and may also result in blindness.
 Macular hole – This condition is caused due to the shrinkage or
separation of the vitreous, causing sudden decrease in vision. The
various reasons that can cause macular hole include diabetic eye
disease, retinal detachment, eye injury, macular pucker, high
amount of nearsightedness, or an inherited condition.
 Macular degeneration – Macular degeneration occurs when parts
of the macula get thinner with age, causing tiny clumps of
proteins to grow on them. This disorder results in losing the
central vision, which does not let the patient identify the fine
details of an object. But, the peripheral/side vision remains
normal. Macular degeneration may also occur when there is
abnormal growth of blood vessels under the retina, causing blood
or other fluid to leak from these vessels, thus causing macula
scarring. This is a rare but serious type of macular degeneration,
which brings vision loss much faster.
 Diabetic retinopathy – This disorder affects those suffering
, as the high blood sugar levels often damage thefrom diabetes
blood vessels within the retina, causing them to swell and leak.
And, if they completely close, blood flow is completely stopped!
 Retinal vein occlusion – This disorder is caused when the veins
that carry blood away from the retina get blocked due to
hardened arteries which cause blood clots. The various factors
that can cause retinal vein occlusion include diabetes, high blood
pressure, atherosclerosis, and other eye conditions like macular
edema, glaucoma, and vitreous hemorrhage.

4. To stay away from all such disorders and damages, it is important
that you have regular visits to an eye specialist. Arohi Eye
is theHospital where youbest retina specialist in Mumbai
can have your eyes examined by expert doctors to determine early
symptoms of any of the above or other retinal diseases, so that the
right actions can be taken before the condition gets worse.
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