A powerpoint Presentation on Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE) on village of Punjab.

1. A Presentation
on Rural
Agricultural
Work Experience
(RAWE)
Arkadeb Chattopadhyay
B.Sc. Ag. (Hons.) Batch – 2016-20

2. Preface
– Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE) program is a key component of B.Sc.
Agriculture degree program. The students are given rigorous orientation and
familiarization on various issues and problems they can expect in the farmer’s
field. This program runs for 60 working days (July 15, 2K19 – September 14,
2K19) in the VIIth semester where in all the professors in different disciplines are
involved for improving the learning capacity of the students in a typical village
situation.

3. Introduction…
– Agriculture in India is a major economic sector and it is the backbone of Indian
economy. It creates plenty of employment opportunities as well. About 65% of
the Indian population depend directly on agriculture and its account around
15% of the crop
– The Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE) is conducted in the 7th semester
of 4th year. The main aim of the program is to acquaint the students with the
villagers and the farming situation so that they can have practical knowledge
about agriculture.

4. History of RAWE!!!
– In India, Randhawa Committee (1992) recommended the RAWE program for
imparting quality, practical and productive oriented education for the
agriculture degree program. In fact, experimental learning from work
experience.
– Effective work experience training strategies incorporating rural agricultural
experimental learning approaches provide opportunities for a student of the
last year to engage in field work activity, to review analyze critically this work
experience activity and to draw some useful conclusions, decisions, from this
analysis and apply the result in actual practical life and field situation.

5. Importance of RAWE
– Prepare agricultural graduates for better career in agriculture.
– Prepare agricultural graduates oriented education to face the challenges by
acquiring knowledge & skill through hands on experience.

6. Objectives of RAWE
– Understanding the rural life by students.
– To get familiarize with the socio-economic conditions of the farmers & their problems with reference to
agricultural development.
– To provide an opportunity to the students for practical training in crop production through work experience.
– To develop communication skills among students using extension teaching methods in transfer of technology.
– To develop the understanding regarding agricultural technologies being followed by farmers and to prepare
alternate farm plans to suit to the local situation in consultation with farmers.
– To develop confidence and competence in students for solving problems related to agriculture.
– To make the students acquainted with the ongoing thrust on rural development related to transfer of technology
– To explore and develop understanding regarding hi-tech agricultural technology & factors affecting the adoption of
modern method of agriculture by the farmers.

7. Involving in Farm Activities
– Involvement in day to day agricultural operation with host farmer.
– Calendar of operation for semester will be prepared in consultation with host
farmer for a year, at least 2 crops, field and horticultural may be chosen.
– Comparison of farmers activities with the recommended practices.
– Choosing suitable recommended practice benefitting to farmer’s situation &
resources.
– Maintaining daily dairy by students with abstract of work done.
– Review of daily dairy by chairman and programme coordinator.

8. Survey and Farm Collection
– Collection of data on socio-economic condition, population cropping pattern,
irrigation facilities resources available, labour, employment.
– Preparation of action plan for the village in consultation with subject matter
specialities and extension scientist of our institute for recognition of the farm
business for high income and suitable production
– Identify the constraints in marketing of agricultural produce, institutional credit
facilities, input supply agencies and cooperative enterprises.
– Students shall record family budgets and information on farm holding of
respondent farmers in prepared interview schedule.

9. Role of Extension Education in
RAWE
– Identification agriculture related problems.
– Conducting method and result demonstration.
– Organisation of farmer’s training and participation in programmes conducted by governmental agricultural and allied
departments.
– Visit to the local area and study their role in developmental programmes and research works.
– Study the role of mass media.
– Participation in village social work, conduct survey for youth problems, initiation of youth and youth specific projects.
– Sensitization towards field agriculture.
– Hands on experience of village conditions with respect to agriculture.
– Development of favourable and required skill and attitude among agricultural graduates.
– Development of human resources in agricultural education.

10. Orientation Program on RAWE
– RAWE programme was arranged in a synchronized manner under the guidance of highly
experienced teachers. We were firstly made acquainted with the village & its condition in classroom
teaching before use were exposed to village directly. There was an orientation of 1 day i.e., 16th July,
2019. The main aim of the orientation was to aware the students about that work which is to be
done in the village during village attachment programme. The orientation programme started from
morning 17th July, 2019 with the presence of our dear sir all faculty members of extension education
& many programme supervisors were present in that programme.
– We were given training about different techniques in Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA). In this one week
we came to know about RRA techniques & how to implicate at village level.
– During this programme all the students were grouped in to 5 members. & allotted with a irrigated
village.

11. RRA → PRA
– Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) grew out of a general feeling of the users of the PRA that the farmers on the
rural people are being entreated for information. Farmers do not truly know to participate. Evaluating field data at
the same time could benefit people to learn about their problem. Analyse it and to make awareness. Here certain
elements were required to make PRA more participatory.
– “Robert Chambers” is the father of PRA
– PRA is a methodology for interacting with the villagers and seeking their participation in putting forward their
point of views about problem analysing and equalizing the information to acquire learning. It takes into account
the people indigenous knowledge.
– It can be defined as, “A growing family of approaches and methods that enable local people to share, enhance and
analyse their knowledge of life and condition to plan and act.”
– RRA is done in very short period. Later RRA is rethought as PRA. Due to its advantage it is expand to corporate
sector, administrative, educational institutional systems. Participatory learning action and management. Here
feedback is included.

12. Participatory Rural Appraisal
(PRA)
Philosophy
– Knowing the people’s life in agro-
economic ecosystem.
– Greater ability to represent
accurately.
Principles
– Optimal ignorance.
– Seeking diversity.
– Offsetting biasness.
– Learning from people.
– Triangulation.

13. Purposes of PRA
– For betterment and greater involvement of villagers by learning, perception, experiences and capabilities
– To generate information and collection of data for immediate and future use
– For validation and cross-checking of collected data from other sources
– For learning about the imparts of earlier on outgrowing policies and programmes and to frame new ones.
– For studies on research on the use of PRA and to suggest improvement by its methodology.
– To use criteria, choices and understand the local environment clear and priorities
– To learn farmer’s indigenous technology
– To achieve triangulation using different methods and involving various people for check and feedback
– To develop self-critical analysis and direct contact with local need and communities

14. Guidelines to adhere during
interaction in PRA
Before
– Meet the villagers with an open frank mind
– Build personal rapport
– Identify the villagers who are interested to share their
experience
– Always begin the interview by relaxing the tension of interview
by asking general question
– Climate setting
– Select a suitable place for interview
– Sit down with the villagers on the same floor
After
– Listen carefully, show empathy and compassion, hold patience
– Intense and careful observation is most important
– Do not interrupt, suggest or prescribe
– Be polite, accommodative and gentle
– Head nodding during interview is approval
– Participate whole-heartedly
– Accept villagers’ offering of hospitality
– There is no point of becoming too much when the villagers
discuss among themselves
– Use what, which, where, why and how to rephrase the question
– At the end of the interview all the interviewers must be thanked
individually by the members of the interviewing group for giving
time and sharing their experience

15. Village Rora
(ਰੋੜਾ ਪ ਿੰਡ)
Tehsil Name :- Kharar
District :- Shahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar
State :- Punjab
Language :- Punjabi
Elevation/Altitude :- 303 meters. Above
M.S.L.
Telephone Code/STD Code :- 0160
Assembly constituency :- Chamkaur Sahib
Lok Sabha constituency :- Anandpur
Sahib parliamentary constituency
Sarpanch Name :- Manjinder
PIN Code :- 140413
Post Office :- Gharuan

16. Village Batta
(ਬੱਤਾ ਪ ਿੰਡ)
Tehsil Name :- Kharar
District :- Shahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar
State :- Punjab
Language :- Punjabi
Elevation/Altitude :- 303 meters. Above
M.S.L.
Telephone Code/Std Code :- 0160
Assembly Constituency :- Chamkaur
Sahib
Lok Sabha Constituency :- Anandpur
Sahib parliamentary constituency
Sarpanch Name :- Balbir singh
Pin Code :- 140413
Post Office Name :- Gharuan

17. Village Sill
(ਪਿਲ ਪ ਿੰਡ)
Tehsil Name :- Kharar
District :- Shahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar
State :- Punjab
Language :- Punjabi
Elevation/Altitude :- 303 meters. Above
M.S.L.
Telephone Code/Std Code :- 0160
Assembly Constituency :- Sahibzada Ajit
Singh Nagar
Lok Sabha Constituency :- Anandpur
Sahib parliamentary constituency
Sarpanch Name :- Parminder Singh
Pin Code :- 140413
Post Office Name :- Gharuan

18. Village Bibipur
(ਬੀਬੀ ੁਰ ਪ ਿੰਡ)
Tehsil Name :- Kharar
District :- Shahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar
State :- Punjab
Language :- Punjabi
Elevation/Altitude :- 303 meters. Above
M.S.L.
Telephone Code/Std Code :- 0160
Assembly Constituency :- Chamkaur
Sahib
Lok Sabha Constituency :- Anandpur
Sahib parliamentary constituency
Sarpanch Name :- Amarjeet Kaur
Pin Code :- 140413
Post Office Name :- Gharuan

19. Village Sil
Kapra (ਪਿਲ
ਕੱ ੜਾ ਪ ਿੰਡ)
Tehsil Name :- Kharar
District :- Shahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar
State :- Punjab
Language :- Punjabi
Elevation/Altitude :- 303 meters. Above
M.S.L.
Telephone Code/Std Code :- 0160
Assembly Constituency :- Chamkaur
Sahib
Lok Sabha Constituency :- Anandpur
Sahib parliamentary constituency
Sarpanch Name :- Harinder Singh Mander
Pin Code :- 140413
Post Office Name :- Gharuan

20. Action Plan
– For throughout the year water logged area
1) Weed control by application of weedicide
2) Commercial pisciculture by land consolidation
3) Drainage facility development and improvement
4) Composting of aquatic weeds
5) Fresh water pearl culture
– For unemployed youth
1) Formation of marketing co-operative society for better marketing
2) Appointment as Krishak Sathi.
3) Establishment of KSKs
4) Imparting training on mushroom production and spawn
production
5) Imparting training on various skills in non-agricultural sector
– For partly water-logged area
1) Growing of alternative crops like jute, bacha, mukhana,
waterchestnut, brahmi, colocasia
2) Azolla, BGA culture
– For homestead land
1) Mushroom cultivation in the backyard.
2) Growing of multipurpose trees in the courtyard
3) Goatery, Poultry.
4) Bio-Gas Plant
5) Vermicompost Pit
6) Artificial insemination of indigenous breed of cows
7) Use of enriched cattle feed
8) Planting of greens, seasonal vegetables with water drained out
from the house
9) Use of storage bin with 50% subsidy from APICOL
10) Enrichment of FYM with SSP also enrichment with
Bioderma/Sanjeevani

21. …to be continued
– For cropping area
1) Soil testing for judicious fertilizer management
2) Use of 50% RDF + 50% N inform of green managing of Dhanicha in Kharif
3) Replacement of Swarna with Pratiksha and introduction of hybrid rice
variety like KHR-2 and Sahyadri
4) Replacement of local rice varieties with high yielding short duration paddy
like Heera, Pathara and Annada etc
5) Integrated approach for disease-pest management.
6) Use of herbicide and mechanical weeder for weed control
7) Use of certified seeds of high yielding varieties of vegetables
8) Introduction of PSM and potash culture.
9) Crop rotation in Rice-Rice cropping system with black gram by grazing
control through village committee
10) Use of Neem based integrated approach in brinjal fruit and shoot borer
11) Use of resistant variety and further linkage with seed chain
12) Installment of honey bee box
13) Farm mechanization with the help of APICOL
14) In-situ moisture conservation and rain water harvesting
15) Introduction of HYV of groundnut like TS-24
16) Community based use of pheromone and light traps
– For Wasteland
1) Social forestry with Gliricidia, Acacia mangium, Subabul etc.
2) Plantation of fodder plants like Simarouba.
– For Landless People
1) Piggery, Goatery, Poultry
2) Mushroom production.
3) Coir based, stone based cottage industry.
4) Fruit processing and preservation
– For women
1) Capacity building programme for women and SHG run by
women under NRCWA
2) Formation of marketing co-operative society for better
marketing
3) Imparting training to farm women on food processing and
preservation
4) Imparting training to farm women on various cottage
industry skills

22. 1) Substantial paddy
production
2) Installation of solar panel to
generate electricity
3) Application of green manure
4) Fisheries have been
practised
5) Mushroom cultivation from
the straw harvested from
crop field
6) Availability of vocational
training
7) Water, electricity, fuel, BPL
card facilities available
8) Set up of cottage industry
9) Communication facilities
like roads are well built to
sell the harvested goods in
cities
1) Flood in river
2) Poor drainage
3) Only one part of the
entire village is properly
irrigated
4) Ponds are filled with
cyanobacteria (BGA) and
weeds like water hyacinth
5) Monocropping is highly
favoured hence affecting
soil fertility status
6) Govt. incentives are not
are provided timely
7) They were reluctant to
adopt new scientific
approach of farming
1) Availability of loamy soil
which is highly fertile.
2) Horticultural practices is
highly recommended
3) High paddy production
hence they can go for
processing of paddy and
generation of new
commodities
4) Availability of plenty
number of pond so fisheries
can be highly
commercialized
5) They have plenty of cattle
hence can establish Gobar
Gas plant in community
6) Fertile soil favours
vegetable production
1)Monkey menace
2)Flooding in low-land
areas
3)Cattle grazing in
cultivated field
4)Youths are
unemployed
5)Labour availability is
difficult
6)Heavy weed
infestation
7)Hospitals are at far
away distant places
from village

23. …feedback
– RAWE is an exposure programme for the agricultural students conducted by
extension education department to know about the possibility of the previously
gained theoretical knowledge on practical basis.
– It helped us to know the real issue of farmer and small trials of suggestion to
them which only we heard about.
– The query and feedbacks of farmers were interesting. Most of the section of the
questionnaire section helped us a lot because of the expertise of farmers.

24. Conclusion
– This village attachment programme to the Rora, Batta, Sill, Bibipur & Sil Kapra
village provides a practical oriented opportunity and hands on experience in
acquiring knowledge and skill. The real socio-economic situation of village and
problems at field level is known to us.
– The farmers of villages are well known to the various ITKS new technologies and
some are developed as they are very much eager to know about the latest
techniques and come in contact with government officials frequently and their
production particularly vegetables is more due to more knowledge and
availability of irrigation water.

25. P.S. : - Due to given limited time frame of presentation, I
have to summarize the whole content without
compromising the subject matter & quality. In connection
with it, a documental report of RAWE and short-term
internship (industrial training) is given. Kindly find the
enclosure for details.
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