The Rural Agriculture Work Experience Programme (RAWE) for 2019-2020 aimed to give students practical agricultural training and familiarize them with village farming practices. It included activities like village attachment, participatory rural appraisal, and training on various farming techniques in G. Rengalpadu, Odisha. The programme emphasized the importance of agricultural education for enhancing productivity and sustainability in farming, while providing insights into the socio-economic situation of rural areas.

1. RURAL AGRICULTURE WORK
EXPERIENCE PROGRAMme
2019-2020
GUIDED BY
BASANT KUMAR SIR &
RITANJALI MADAM
PREPARED BY
NALLA SANDEEP
Regd.No. 13304/2016
VILLAGE : G.RENGALPADU, KOLNARA,
RAYAGADA DISTRICT, ODISHA

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INTRODUCTION
Agriculture in India is a major economic sector
and it is the backbone of Indian economy. It
creates plenty of employment opportunities as
well . About 65% of Indian population depend
directly on agriculture and it accounts around
15% of crop
The RAWE is conducted in the 7th semester of
4th year. The main aim of the program is to
acquaint the students with the villagers and the
farming situation so that they can have
practical knowledge about agriculture.

3. RURAL AGRICULTURAL
WORK EXPERIENCE
PROGRAM
Agricultural education is an important tool and technique in ensuring gradual
increase in agricultural productivity and sustainability in productivity,
environment and ecological security, profitability, technical feasibility, job
security and equity in distribution.
What is RAWE?
Agricultural education is a dynamic one, which is undergoing changes in a
very rapid manner to meet the needs of the society. Under this situation,
Rural Agricultural Work Experience Program is an important competence and
confidence building program activity under many SAU’s.
In India Randhawa Committee (1992) recommended RAWE Program for
imparting quality, practical and productive oriented education for the
agriculture degree program

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OBJECTIVESOF
RAWE PROGRAM :
TO PROVIDE OPPORTUNITY FOR PRACTICAL TRAINING
TO DEVELOP COMMUNICATION SKILL WITH FARMER
TO MAKE THE FARMER FAMILIAR WITH THE SOCIO- ECONOMIC SITUATION OF THE
VILLAGE
TO GAIN KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE ON THE OPENIONS AND ASPECTS OF
AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY BEING USED BY THE FARMERS
TO DEVELOP CONFIDENCE AND COMPELENCE IN STUDENTS FOR SOLVING
PROBLEMS RELATED TO AGRICULTURE
TO MAKE STUDENTS UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF MEN AND WOMEN IN
AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED SECTORS

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ACTIVITIES IN
RAWE PROGRAM :
GENERAL ORIENTATION & ON CAMPUS TRAINING BY DIFFERENT
FACULTIES
VILLAGEATATCHMENT
UNIT ATATCHMENT IN UNIVERSITY / KVK / RESEARCH STATION
PLANT CLINIC
AGRO-INDUSTRIALATTATCHMENT
PROJECT REPORT PREPARATION, PRESENTATION AND EXPLINATION

6. GENERAL ORIENTATION AND
ON CAMPUS TRAINING
We had an on campus training on Jan 29 2020 in
which we visited the different departments of the
campus to get an overview of the subjects and learn
the basics from the faculty of different engineering
branches such as
•Civil branch
•Mechanical branch
•Electrical branch
• Computer science branch

7. GENERAL
ORIENTATION
& VILLAGE
ATTATCHMENT
THE WHOLE CLASS OF 21 MEMBERS
WASATTATCHED TO 2 VILLAGES
NAMELY G.RENGALPADU &
GHODABADI
G. RENGALPADU
I WAS UNDER THE VILLAGE
G.RENGALPADU,AND WAS
ASSIGNED TO MR. SURYANNA
NIALIBHANSO AS MY HOST FARMER.

8. Name of the student : N.SANDEEP
Name of the farmer : SURYANNA NIALIBHANSO
Family : Matangi.N (Mother)
Mukta.N (Wife)
Narayana.N ( Brother)
Land area : 3.5 acres
Crops : Paddy, Ragi, Corn, Sweet corn, Brinjal,
Okra, Chilli, Onion, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Potato,
Sunflower
Cost of cultivation : Rs.46,400 (till date)
HOST FARMER DATA

9. WELCOME TO
G. RENGALPADU

10. RENGALPADU AERIAL VIEW
OF STREETS
RENGALPADU AERIAL VIEW
OF VILLAGE

11. About the village :
The village G. Regalpadu is a 4 km drive from Kolnara
of Rayagada.
It is a descent village with nearly 150 houses and a
population of 610 persons. The village is mostly occupied
with green fields and a good amount of resources which
make it easy for farming. The village is also provided
with solar irrigation facility by the SPARSH NGO of
JK paper mill. The village also has a farmers club
(Jagannath farmers’ club) and an SHG (Maa Santoshi
SHG). The village is consistently self sufficient with a
good amount of resources and good farming
opportunities.

12. PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL
[PRA]
Participatory rural appraisal(PRA) is an important componentin the extension educationpart of
the RAWE programme. It is the activity of finding out the informationabout problems, needs &
potentialin a village. It promotes the aggressive participationof the students and interaction
with host farmers in the collectionof essential data quicklyand systematically with the help of
PRA tools such as:
o Direct observation
o Do it Yourself activities
o Participatory mapping & modelling
o Social Map
o Resource Map
o Hydrology Map
o Enterprise Map
o Timelines
o Venn diagrams
o Transect Walks
o Daily activityprofiles
o Semi structured Interviews
o Timelines Etc....

13. DIRECT OBSERVATION
Direct Observation of the farming
practices is the most effective and
best way of learning and knowing
the current condition of the village,
farm and the farmer

14. DO IT YOURSELF ACTIVITIES

15. VILLAGE MAP
(05 FEB 2020)
Village map is drawn so as to get an
overview of the whole village at a
glance.
All the entities like houses, shops,
roads , resources, water bodies,
fields, temples and constructions
etc... are shown in a single map.

16. SOCIAL MAP
(05 FEB 2020)
It shows the habitat patterns,
nature of housing, social
infrastructure, roads, schools
etc...
It visualises the location of
households and other social
facilities in the village

17. RESOURCE MAP
(06 FEB 2020)
Resource map shows all the available
natural resources in the locality that
make the farming operations
convenient for the farmers.
The resource map gives an idea about
the community and the resource base

18. HYDROLOGY MAP
(08 FEB 2020)
A hydrology map shows the available
water resources like wells, ponds,
reservoirs or dams, streams etc.... and
their network of channels to the
village, their distribution and purpose
(usage).

19. CROP MAP
(13 FEB 2020)
Crop map is an illustration of
the crops grown in the locality
their distribution location and
diversity

20. MOBILITY MAP
(14 FEB 2020)
A mobility map shows the distance and direction of
different essential services like gram panchayat, police
station, PHC, hospital, railway station etc... from the
locality

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ENTERPRISE MAP
(15 FEB 2020)
An enterprise map shows all the available
forms of income (enterprises) like shops,
farm outlets, poultry, dairy, mushroom unit
etc... which contribute to the incomeof the
seller (farmer) and the village economy.

22. 1890
Construction
of pond
1940
Establishment
of shop
1958
Firstcycle,
Radio
1872
Establishment
of village and
rice cultivation
1920
Temple
construction
1952
Construction
of dam
1970
Use of
fertilisers,1st
bore well
1987
Auto
2000
TV and cable
network
1966
Construction
of puccahouse
1985
Electricity
1990
1st Tractor and
tubewell
TIMELINE OF EVENTS

23. 2003
Mid day meal
and rotavator
were first
introduced
2010
Concrete road
and mobile
phone
2002
Anganbadiand
landline
2005
Govt. School,
motorbike,
fridge were
introduced
2015
Maa santoshi
SHG started
2018
Solar irrigation
started
2017
Construction
of jagannath
communityhall
2019
Establishment
of Mushroom
unit
2016
Farmers club
started,
Thresher was
introduced

24. MACHINERIES & IMPLEMENTS USED IN
THE VILLAGE

25. THESEARE SOME OF THE MOSTLY USED MACHINERIES & TOOLS IN
THE VILLAGE FROM TIMES OLD TO THESE MODERN DAYS

26. FARMERS CLUB
PROGRAMS
FARMERS CLUBS ARE A
TYPE OF INFORMAL
GROUPS GENERALLY
ORGANISED BY RURAL
BANKS UNDER THE
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE OF
NABARD
SOME NGO’S, KVK’S,
SAU’S ARE ALSO NOW
INVOLVED IN FORMATION
OF FARMER CLUBS.
SRI JAGANNATH FARMERS
CLUB IN RENGALPADU IS
ORGANISED BY THE
SPARSH NGO ( AN
INITIATIVE BY THE J.K
PAPER MILL).
FARMERS CLUB
MEETING ORGANISED
BY THE SPARSH NGO
OF JK PAPER MILL
UNDER THE
LEADERSHIP OF
NABARD ODISHA DDM
MR.
A.CHANDRASEKHAR

27. SOIL SAMPLE COLLECTION
Collection of soil
samples is done in
the diferent fields of
the farmer for soil
testing.
I collected 3
different samples
from 3 different
fields of the host
farmer.

28. OPERATION OF
POWER TOOLS &
IMPLEMENTS

29. Mushroom cultivation unit is
established in the village with
the help of SPARSH NGO of
J.K. Paper mill in January 2020.
The NGO provides training to
the women in the MAA
SANTOSHI Self Help Group of
Rengalpadu providing
opportunity for additional income
to the family and skill
development.

30. AGRONOMY

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AREA UNDER CULTIVATION 1.5 ACRES
AREA UNDER IRRIGATION 1.5 ACRES (SOLAR PUMP)
SOIL TYPE SANDY LOAM
SOIL pH 5.9
OPERATIONS CARRIED OUT PLOUGHING, WEEDING,
APPLICATION OF FYM,
NURSERYPREPARATION,
IRRIGATION, FERTILIZER
APPLICATION, SETT
PREPARATION,
TRANSPLANTING,
APPLICATION OF PLANT
PROTECTION CHEMICALS,
HARVESTING
CROP : PADDY

32. DISEASES
BLAST DISEASE
Pyricularia grisea (P.oryzae)
MANAGEMENT FOLLOWED : Spraying of Carbendazim 50WP @ 500g/ha
BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
MANAGEMENT FOLLOWED : NONE

33. Rice skipper
Pelopidas mathias
Management: spraying of chlorpyriphos 20 EC 1250 ml/ha
Grasshopper
Hieroglyphus banian
INSECT PESTS

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AREA UNDER CULTIVATION 1 ACRE
AREA UNDER IRRIGATION 1 ACRE (SOLAR PUMP)
SOIL TYPE SANDY LOAM
SOIL pH 5.9
OPERATIONS CARRIED OUT PLOUGHING, WEEDING,
APPLICATION OF FYM,
EARTHENING UP, IRRIGATION,
FERTILIZERAPPLICATION,
APPLICATION OF PLANT
PROTECTION CHEMICALS,
HARVESTING
CROP : MAIZE

35. NORTHERN LEAF BLIGHT
Exserohilum turcicum
SOUTHERN LEAF BLIGHT
Bipolaris maydis
MANAGEMENT: Spraying of Mancozeb 2 g/liter at 10 days interval after
first appearance of the disease
DISEASES

36. MANAGEMENT: spraying of Carbaryl 50 WP 1 kg/ha on the 20th day of sowing (500 l of
spray fluid/ha) for aphids.
Aphid or Plant lice
Rhopalosiphum maidis
INSECT PESTS

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CROP : RAGI
AREA UNDER CULTIVATION 0.4 ACRE
AREA UNDER IRRIGATION 0.4 ACRE (SOLAR PUMP)
SOIL TYPE SANDY LOAM
SOIL pH 5.9
OPERATIONS
CARRIED OUT
PLOUGHING, WEEDING,
APPLICATION OF FYM,
IRRIGATION, FERTILIZER
APPLICATION,APPLICATION OF
PLANT PROTECTION
CHEMICALS, HARVESTING

38. DISEASES
NO SIGNIFICANT DISEASES
WERE FOUND IN RAGI CROP

39. INSECT PESTS
MANAGEMENT: Spraying of malathion and carbaryl 0.1 % for earhead bug &
Spraying of carabaryl 50 WP 400 g for grasshoppers.
Earhead bug
Euproctis subnotata
Grass hopper
Chrotogonus trachypterus

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AREA UNDER CULTIVATION 0.2 ACRE
AREA UNDER IRRIGATION 0.2 ACRE (SOLAR PUMP)
SOIL TYPE SANDY LOAM
SOIL pH 5.9
OPERATIONS CARRIED OUT PLOUGHING, WEEDING,
APPLICATION OF FYM,
IRRIGATION, FERTILIZER
APPLICATION,APPLICATION
OF PLANT PROTECTION
CHEMICALS, HARVESTING
CROP : SUNFLOWER

41. DISEASES
Alternaria blight
Alternaria helianthi
MANAGEMENT: Foliar spray with 0.3 per cent Mancozeb four times at an interval of 10
days for alternaria blight
Spraying Mancozeb 1000 g/ha for rust
Rust
Puccinia helianthi

42. INSECT PESTS
NO SIGNIFICANT PESTS WERE
IDENTIFIED

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AREA UNDER CULTIVATION 0.2ACRE
AREA UNDER IRRIGATION 0.2 ACRE (SOLAR PUMP)
SOIL TYPE SANDY LOAM
SOIL pH 5.9
OPERATIONS CARRIED OUT PLOUGHING, WEEDING,
APPLICATION OF FYM,
IRRIGATION, FERTILIZER
APPLICATION,APPLICATION
OF PLANT PROTECTION
CHEMICALS, HARVESTING
CROP : TOMATO

44. DISEASES
Fusarium Wilt
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
MANAGEMENT: Spot drenchingwith Carbendazim (0.1%) for fusarium wilt
Spraying the crop with Mancozeb 0.2 % for early blight
Early Blight
Alternaria solani

45. INSECT PESTS
Striped mealybug
Ferrisia virgata
MANAGEMENT: Spraying of imidacloprid 80.5 SC 0.6 ml/lit for mealy bugs
Spraying of methyl demeton 25 EC @1lit/ha or dimethoate 30 EC @1lit/ha for thrips
Thrips
Thrips tabaci

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AREA UNDER CULTIVATION 0.2 ACRE
AREA UNDER IRRIGATION 0.2 ACRE (SOLAR PUMP)
SOIL TYPE SANDY LOAM
SOIL pH 5.9
OPERATIONS CARRIED OUT PLOUGHING, WEEDING,
APPLICATION OF FYM,
IRRIGATION, FERTILIZER
APPLICATION,APPLICATION
OF PLANT PROTECTION
CHEMICALS, HARVESTING
CROP : ONION

47. Purple blotch
Alternaria porri
MANAGEMENT: foliar sprayings with Copper oxychloride 0.25 % or Chlorothalonil 0.2 %
or Zineb 0.2 % or Mancozeb 0.2 %.
DISEASES

48. INSECT PESTS
MANAGEMENT: Spraying of methyl demeton 25 EC @1lit/ha or dimethoate 30 EC
@1lit/ha for thrips
Thrips
Thrips tabaci

49. AGRICULTURAL
ECONOMICS
A SINGLE HOST FARMER ANALYSIS

50. LAND TYPE AREA IRRIGATION SOIL TYPE PRESENT
VALUE
AGRICULTURAL
LAND
3.5
ACRES
SOLAR
PUMP
SANDY LOAM 8 LAKHS/
ACRE
ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
LAND
CATEGORY CONSTRUCTION YEAR SIZE PRESENT VALUE
RESIDENCE PUCCA 2010 150 sq ft 9 lakhs
CATTLE
SHELTER
RAKE SHED 2018 60 sq ft 75,000
BUILDING
CATEGORY BREED YEAR NO. OF
ANIMALS
PRESENT VALUE
BUFFALO LOCAL 2015 2 3.5 LAKHS
SHEEP LOCAL 2019 2 20,000
LIVESTOCK STATUS

51. CATEGORY ITEM NUMBER YEAR PRESENT
VALUE
IMPLEMENT IRON
PLOUGH
1 2014 1500
EQUIPMENT SPRAYER 1 2018 1800
IMPLEMENTSAND MACHINERY
ITEM NUMBER YEAR PRESENT VALUE
MOTORCYCLE 1 2016 45000
TV 1 2014 12000
REFRIGERATOR 1 2016 8000
HOUSEHOLD ARTICLES
SOURCE AMOUNT
CROPS 5 LAKHS
LIVESTOCK 50000
ANNUAL GROSS INCOME

52. SOURCE AMOUNT YEAR OUTSTANDING
AMOUNT
BANKS NONE _ _
PRIVATE LENDERS NONE _ _
BORROWINGS
MARKETING CHANNEL PRODUCE SOLD QUANTITY SOLD
VILLAGE TRADERS VEGETABLES 15 QUINTALS
WHOLESALERS CEREALS ( RICE
AND RAGI)
3.5 TONNES
SELF VEGETABLES 10 QUINTALS
MARKETING CHANNELS

53. ATTRIBUTE VALUE
YIELD 30 Quintals grain and 65 Quintal
straw / 2 acres
COST PER QUINTAL Rs. 1500 for grain, Rs. 500 for straw
TOTAL VALUE 45,000 (grain) + 32,500 (straw) = Rs.
77,500
NET PROFIT Gross income – Cost of cultivation
77,500 – 35,530 = 41,970
B:C RATIO 41,970 ÷ 35,530 = 1.18
B:C RATIO OF FARMER FOR EACH
CULTIVATED CROP
RICE

54. TOMATO
MAIZE
ATTRIBUTE VALUE
YIELD 15 Quintals/ acre
COST PER QUINTAL Rs. 1700
TOTAL VALUE 15 × 1700 = Rs. 25,500
NET PROFIT Gross income – Cost of cultivation
25,500 – 8,700 = 16,800
B:C RATIO 16,800 ÷ 8700 = 1.93
ATTRIBUTE VALUE
YIELD 120 Quintals/ 0.5 acre
COST PER QUINTAL Rs. 510
TOTAL VALUE 120 × 510 = 61,200
NET PROFIT Gross income – Cost of cultivation
61,200 – 25,300 = 35,900
B:C RATIO 35,900 ÷ 25,300 = 1.42

55. BLOCK: KOLNARA
RURAL
ECONOMICS
DISTRICT: RAYAGADA
MLA: MAKARANDA MUTILI
AAO: RAJENDRA SAHU
RENGALPADU

56. TRANSPORT, EDUCATION AND HEALTH
SERVICES
BUS STAND
RAILWAY STATION
POST OFFICE
PRIMARY SCHOOL
HIGH SCHOOL
COLLEGE
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTRE
AREA HOSPITAL
ANGANBADI
COLLECTRATE
KOLNARA (4KM)
RAYAGADA ( 7 KM)
KOLNARA (4KM)
RENGALPADU
KOLNARA (4KM)
KOLNARA (4KM)
KOLNARA (4KM)
RAYAGADA (8KM)
RENGALPADU
RAYAGADA (7KM)0

57. OCCUPATION NO. OF FAMILIES
AGRICULTURISTS 112
LANDLESS FARMERS 8
VILLAGE ARTISANS 6
INDUSTRY OR FACTORY
WORKERS
48
SELF EMPLOYED (BUSINESS) 6
PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEES 0
OTHER GOVT SECTOR
EMPLOYEES
0
CLASSIFICATION
OF FAMILIES
TOTAL FAMILIES : 150
POPULATION: 610
FEMALE: 333
MALE: 277

58. TYPE AVAILABLE WITHIN
VILLAGE
NEAREST VILLAGE
AVAILABILITY
WEEKLY HAAT NO KOLNARA
REGULATED MARKET NO JK PUR
DAILY NEEDS YES KOLNARA
FAIR PRICE (RATION)
SHOP
NO KOLNARA
VEGETABLE AND
FRUIT STALLS
NO JK PUR
MARKETING
FACILITIES
JK PUR IS THE MARKET WHERE THE FARM PRODUCES ARE MOSTLY
SOLD

59. LIVESTOCK POPULATION
TYPE OF LIVESTOCK NUMBER
BULLOCKS 24
BUFFALOES 30
COWS 8
SHEEPS / GOATS 85
POULTRY(NON COMMERCIAL) 120
AGRO-BASED INDUSTRIES IN OR NEAR THE VILLAGE
INDUSTRY IN THE VILLAGE NEARBY VILLAGE
RICEMILL NONE MALLIGAM(4)
FLOOR MILL NONE KOLNARA (1)
OIL MILL NONE RAYAGADA (2)
CASHEW FACTORY NONE KASILI(1)

60. NO.OF HOUSES 150
ELECTRIFIED 150
PUCCA HOUSES 89
KACCHA HOUSES 61
HOSES WITH LATRINE
FACILITY
85
VILLAGE STATISTICS
MACHINERY / EQUIPMENT NUMBER
TRACTORS 9
POWER TILLER 6
MOLDBOARD PLOUGH 4
THRESHER 4
SEED DRILL 1
SPRAYERS 116
FARM MACINERIESAVAILABLE IN VILLAGE

61. FARM VISIT TO
A
PROGRESSIVE
FARM
A VISIT TO
PUARANABHATTA
A VILLAGE NEAR
K. SINGPUR

62. B.NAVEEN KUMAR
• AGE: 34
• STUDIES: +2
• VILLAGE: PURANABHATTA
• GP: KALYAN SINGPUR
• MOB.NO: 9668402419
• Mail:
naveenkumars2419@gmail.com
• PIN: 765016
Dr. VT RAJU ( DEAN, MIPS) with
Mr. B.NAVEEN
(PROGRESSIVE FARMER)
OUR HOST FARMER :

63. MORE ABOUT THE FARMER
Along with farming activities the farmer is
also involved in philanthropic activities:
•Established an educational trust [ ADARSH
EDUCATIONALTRUST].
•Established a school [ vidya vikas public
school] in an area of 70 cents which offers
education up to Std- 2 with 8 staff and 100
students.
The farmer is completely
away to subsidies
provided by the state or
central govt. He feels that
the schemesand
subsidies are only
feasible on paper but not
practically as they need
more work and time.

64. TOTAL AREA OF CULTIVATION: 22 ACRES
NO. OF CROPS GROWING: 2 [ BANANA, WATERMELON ]
AREA UNDER EACH CROP: BANANA {8 ACRES}
WATERMELON {10ACRES}
PREVIOUS CROP: CAULIFLOWER{10 ACRES}
STRUCTURE OF FARM

65. COST OF CULTIVATION
•BANANA
• VARIETY: GRANDNAINE
• AREA UNDER PRODUCTION: 8 ACRES
PLANTINGMATERIAL: 15 Rs/ SEEDLING(1210 Plants/Acre)
PLOUGHINGAND INTERCULTIVATION: 20,000 Rs/Acre
LABOUR COSTS: 10,000 Rs/Acre
FERTILISER AND SPRAY COSTS: 20,000 Rs/Acre
PROPING COSTS: 15,000 Rs/Acre
HARVESTING CHARGES: 10,000 Rs/Acre
TOTAL COST OF CULTIVATION: 80,000 Rs/Acre

66. YIELD PER ACRE: 22 TONNES
SELLING PRICE PER TONNE: 15,000 Rs
INCOME PER ACRE: 15,000×22 = 3,30,000 Rs
NET INCOME PER ACRE: 3,30,000 – 80000
= 2,50,000 Rs
B:C RATIO : 3.125
•Total yield of the banana farm [ 8.5 acres ] : 160 tonnes
•Cost offered per tonne by the trader : Rs. 15,000
•Total income of the banana orchard [8.5 acres] : Rs. 24,00,000

67. MARKETING
CONTRACT MARKETING WITH BINAYAKA FRUITS,
BHAVANIPATNA
TOTAL YIELD OF THE BANANA FARM [ 8.5 ACRES ]: 160
TONNES
COST OFFERED PER TONNE BY THE TRADER: Rs 15,000
TOTAL INCOME OF THE BANANA ORCHARD [8.5
ACRES]: Rs 24,00,000
CONSTRAINS IN MARKETING: NONE

68. WATERMELON
VARIETIES: SUGAR QUEEN; AUGUSTA; POONAM;
OJUKI
AREA UNDER CULTIVATION: 9 ACRES
SUGAR QUEEN: 1.8 ACRES
AUGUSTA: 5.5 ACRES
POONAM: 0.6 ACRES
OJUKI: 1.2 ACRES

69. COST OF CULTIVATION
SEED COST: 6000Rs /Acre
PLOUGHING COSTS: 7000Rs/Acre
MULCHING COST: 15,000Rs/Acre
FERTIGATION COSTS: 6,000Rs/Acre
PESTICIDES COST: 2,000Rs/Acre
LABOUR COSTS: 1,000Rs/Acre
HARVESTING COSTS: 3,000Rs/Acre
TOTAL COST OF CULTIVATION: 40,000Rs/Acre

70. YIELD PER ACRE: 24 TONNES
SELLING PRICE PER TONNE: 7,000Rs
INCOME PER ACRE: 1,54,000
NET INCOME PER ACRE: 1,54,000 – 40,000
= 1,14,000Rs
B:C RATIO: 2.85
•Total yield of the farm [ 9 acres ] : 216 tonnes
•Average cost offered per tonn in the market : Rs 7,000
•Total income of the farm [9 acres] : Rs 15,12,000

71. MARKETING
SALE IN LOCALAND DISTANT MARKETS [ RAYAGADA, VIZAG,
RAIPUR.]
TOTAL YIELD OF THE BANANA FARM [ 9 ACRES ]: 216 TONNES
AVERAGE COST OFFERED PER TONNE IN THE MARKET : Rs 7,000
TOTAL INCOME OF THE BANANA ORCHARD [10ACRES]: Rs 15,12,000
CONSTRAINS IN MARKETING:
SALES IN LOCAL MARKET TO THE WHOLESALERS
OWN TRANSPORTATION OF THE PRODUCE
VERY EARLY PERISHABLE PRODUCE, SHOULD BE MARKETED BEFORE
DAMAGE

72. CAULIFLOWER
SEEDLING COST: 10,000Rs/Acre
PLOUGHING COST: 8,000Rs/Acre
TRANSPLANTING COST: 2,000Rs/Acre
WEEDING COSTS: 2,000Rs/Acre
FERTILISER COSTS: 12,000Rs/Acre
PESTICIDE COSTS: 6,000Rs/Acre
HARVESTING COSTS: 5000Rs/Acre
TOTAL COST OF CULTIVATION: 45,000 Rs/Acre
AREA UNDER PRODUCTION: 8 ACRES
COST OF CULTIVATION

73. YIELD PER ACRE: 6 TONNES
SELLING PRICE PER TONNE: 36,000Rs
INCOME PER ACRE: 2,16,000Rs
NET INCOME PER ACRE: 2,16,000 – 45,000
= 1,71,000Rs
B:C RATIO: 3.8
•Total yield of the farm [ 8 acres ] : 48 tonnes
•Average cost offered per tonne in the market : Rs 36,000
•Total income of the farm [9 acres] : Rs 17,28,000

74. KVK VISIT
(13 MARCH 2020)
Krishi Vigyan Kendra,
Rayagada,
OUAT agricultural farm At/PO
Gunupur,Rayagada Dist, 765022
HOST ORGANISATION: VICE CHANCELLOR,
OUAT, BHUBANESHWAR, 751003.
HEAD OF THE ORGANISATION : MR. BINOD
KUMAR JENA

75. KVK VISIT
ON BEHALF OF THE RAWE
PROGRAM WE VISITED THE
KVK OF RAYAGADA
LOCATED IN GUNUPUR ON
13 MARCH 2020.
OPERATIONAL STRUCTUREOF KVK :
•SUB-DIVISIONS (2)
•C.D. BLOCKS (11)
•GRAM PANCHAYATS(171)
•VILLAGES (2667)
FACILITY DETAILS :
•VERMICOMPOSTING
•FIELD FARMS FOR FIELD TRAILS
•POULTRY FARM
•POLY HOUSE PROTECTED
STRUCTURES
•AZOLLA UNIT
•MUSHROOM CULTIVATION UNIT
•BEE KEEPING UNIT
•MEDICINAL PLANTS UNIT

76. VARIETIES UNDER FIELD TRAILS :
•ARKA SAMRAT
•CACTUS WITHOUT SPINES
OTHER OBSERVATIONS :
 The KVK has started the apiculture unit recently.
 The KVK produces spawn for mushroom cultivation and also gives
training on mushroom cultivation.
 The KVK has a soil testing and fertilizer grading unit in Rayagada
which collects atleast 7000 samples per month from different
areas under the KVK for testing.
 The KVK has recently organised an event named skill training for
rural youth on mushroomcultivationfor providing training to
the rural youth on cultivation of mushroom.

77. FIELD TRAILS
HONEYBEE REARINGVERMICOMPOSTING
WATER HARVESTING & AZOLLA
CULTIVATION
POULTRY UNIT
DIFFERENT
FACILITIES OF KVK

78. Farming is not an easy thing to do it is one of the most divine things
any person can do. We can’t survive without food, it is one of the
most important entity of living. Only a farmer has the potential to
produce such entity which is why farming / agriculture is considered
as the backbone of our country.
I’m so glad that I can help the farmers with the knowledge I have and
the knowledge I procured by observing and taking part in their work in
the RAWE program.
I would like to thank every farmer who is working relentlessly not for
their own sake but for all other people out there.