In India there is not much metallic structures. We need to improve our technologies in metal structures and we need to construct more metal structures in India.
2. INTRODUCTION
A solid material which is typically hard, shiny,
malleable, fusible and ductile, with good
electrical and thermal conductivity (e.g. iron,
gold, silver, aluminium, and alloys such as
steel).
3. STEEL
Steel is an alloy of iron & carbon
Iron is the major ore of steel
Steel contains 0.002% to 2.1% of carbon
Carbon provides necessary strength
5. MANUFACTURING OF STEEL
Carbonization of Coke
Blast furnace
Basic oxygen steel making
Electric arc method
6.
7. STEEL BUILDINGS
A steel building is a
metal structure fabricated
With steel for the internal
Support and for exterior
Cladding .
8. STEEL IN CONSTRUCTION TODAY
Nowadays , most of the buildings were
constructed using steel .
Steel provides more strength .
Architects have more flexibility in designing .
Can be combined with other materials .
100% recyclable .
11. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS OF STEEL
BUILDINGS
1. Planning
2. Ground & Site preparation
3. Fabrication
4. Erection
5. Framing
6. Sheeting
12. SITE INVESTIGATIONS
The main purpose of site investigation
To determine the nature of the sub soil .
To determine the bearing capacity of the soil .
To determine the possibility of the ground
movement .
13. FABRICATION
Fabrication describes the processing of steel
from manufacturer to final delivery to a
construction project, which includes
coating
Stockyard storage
Cutting
Bending
Welding
16. CONCRETE SLAB
• Metal deck may need to be assessed for its
ability to stabilize the steel members .
17. TOP STEEL STRUCTURES
BURJ KHALIFA (2008)
DUBAI
829.8 m ( 39K TONS)
EIFFEL TOWER (1889)
PARIS
324 m (7.3K TONS)
EMPIRE STATE BUILDING (1931)
NEW YORK
443 m (60K TONS)
18. IS STANDARDS
• IS: 800 : 2007 – Code of Practice for general construction in
Steel
• IS: 802 Part 2 : 1978 – Code of Practice for use of Structural
Steel in Overhead Transmission Towers-Fabrication,
Galvanizing, Inspection and Packing
• IS: 806 : 1968 – Code of Practice for USE OF Steel Tubes in
General Building Construction
• IS: 808 : 1989 – Dimensions for Hot Rolled Steel Beam,
Column, Channel and Angle Sections
• IS:814 : 2004 – Covered Electrodes for Manual Metal Arc
Welding of Carbon and Carbon Manganese Steel
Specification
• IS:816 : 1969 – Code of Practice for use of Metal Arc
Welding for General Construction in Mild Steel.
• IS:1161 : 1998 – Specification For Steel Tubes for Structural
Purposes.
19. IN INDIA
Like the concrete technology .
Rare steel structures .
As re-bars but not complete steel structures .
Major reasons were…
Cost
Installation & Transportation
20. STEEL STRUCTURE IN INDIA
• Howrah Bridge
• Kolkata , India
• Material : Steel(23K TONS
• Length: 705 m
• width: 71ft
• Constructed in: 1942
21. PROS OF STEEL BUILDINGS
Consistent Material Quality
Light weight & strong
Dimensionally Stable in any
Climate
Can withstand Disasters
Can built tall & wide
Insect Resistance
Pre-fabricated frames assembled Quickly
22. CONS OF STEEL BUILDINGS
Steel is an expensive material (much more than
masonry or concrete)
High maintenance
Requires more space
Requires Skilled Labors
Properties can vary when temperature above 700c
23. CONCRETE STRUCTURE VS STEEL STRUCTURE
CONCRETE STRUCTURE
• More Durable
• Less resistance to Durable
• Low load carrying capacity
• Scrap value is nil
• Self wt. is very high
• Foundation should be
strong
• Simple process
• Low cost
STEEL STRUCTURE
• Less Durable
• More resistance to Disasters
• High load carrying capacity
• Scrap value is good
• Self wt. is 60% less than
concrete
• Structure can be made
without foundation
• Requires skilled labors
• Cost is high
24. CONCLUSION
• Steel structures demand greater precision
than those built with masonry or concrete
frame, which cannot be guaranteed by all
contractors .
• Factors weighing against them like cost and
energy may appear less important than site
value or project period .