Structural steel work sections types of sections

1. STRUCTURAL
STEEL
WORK

2. STEEL
● Most popular and effective building material.
● Steel is an alloy made by combining iron and other elements, the
most common of these being carbon.
● wrought iron and cast iron
wrought iron - Carbon content: not greater than 0.15%
steel - Carbon content: 0.15% to 1.5%
cast iron - Carbon content :2% to 4%

3. Varieties of steel
● Based on carbon content
● Mild steel – 0.15 to 0.25%
● Medium carbon steel
- 0.25 to 0.6%
● High carbon steel - 0.6 to 1.5%
● Increase in carbon
content
● Increase strength
● Decrease ductility

4. MANUFACTURING PROCESS
● Hot rolling
Temperature above recrystallization by rolling hot steel
in semi solid state (900 to 12500).
● Cold rolling
Temperature below recrystallization rolling sheets from
sheets, plates or flats in rolling machines or by press breaking.

5. Mild Steel
● Carbon content – 0.25% (max)
● Sulphur – 0.055%
● Phosphorous - 0.055% ( I.S. 226: 1969)
● Dark bluish colour
● It is tough, elastic than cast iron and wrought iron.
● It is malleable and ductile.

6. Properties of Mild Steel
● Can be magnetized permanently.
● Readily welded, riveted and bolted.
● Easily hardened or tempered.
● Malleable and ductile.
● Specific gravity 7.8.
● Melting point – above 1400°C.

8. Uses of Mild Steel
● Used as steel reinforcements (mild steel round bars).
● Mild steel tubes are used in construction.
● Mild steel sheets are used for roof coverings.
● Used in manufacture of various tools, machinery and other
equipments.

10. Steel is used structurally in two ways
● Reinforcement steel
● Structural steel

11. Reinforcement Steel

12. Reinforcement Steel
● Concrete – weak in tension – strong in compression
● Steel – strong in tension
● Steel bars embedded in concrete – reinforcement
● Develops good bond with concrete .

13. Reinforcement Steel
● Concrete – weak in tension – strong in compression
● Steel – strong in tension
● Steel bars embedded in concrete – reinforcement
● Develops good bond with concrete .

14. Types of Reinforcement Bars

15. Mild steel and medium tensile
steel / Plain steel bars
● Round sections
● Mild steel / medium tensile steel /
plain steel bars
● Plain steel bars – 5mm to 32mm
● Designated as Fe250
● Yield strength – 250 N/mm2

16. High yield strength deformed
bars (HYSD)/ TOR steel
● Cold twisted deformed bars.
● Tor steel bars – longitudinal ribs in
the form of continuous helix.
● Develop high bond strength due to
interlocking with concrete.
● Mean diameters – 5mm to 40mm.
● Designated as Fe415, Fe500, Fe550.

17. Advantages of tor steel
● Good bonding capabilities
● High yield strength
● Saving in reinforcement cost
● Better structural properties
● Bars can be welded

18. STRUCTURAL STEEL
SECTIONS / MARKET
FORMS OF STEEL

19. STRUCTURAL STEEL SECTIONS:
● Angle sections
● Channel sections
● I-sections
● T-sections
● Flat sections
● Steel plates
● Corrugated sheets
● Round bars
● Square bars

20. Rolled steel bar section:
Indian Standard Round Bars (ISRO):
● Designated as ISRO 10 (round bars
having diameter 10mm)
● Available in diameter varying from
6mm to 25mm.

21. Indian Standard square bars
(ISSQ):
● Designated as ISSQ 10 (square bars
of size 10mm)
● Used for grillwork, handrails for
staircases etc.

22. Rolled Steel Plate Section ( ISPL):
● Designated as ISPL 500 x 5 (500mm
width and 5mm thickness)
● Used for construction of water tanks and
other storage structures, built up beams,
columns, base plate for foundations etc.

23. Rolled Standard Sheet Sections
(ISSH):
•Plates having thickness less than 5mm.
•Designated as ISSH 1800 x 600 x 4
(sheet having length 1800mm, breadth
600mm and thickness 4mm).
•Used for construction of boxes and
vehicle bodies.

24. Indian Standard Flats (ISF):
•Designated as ISF 10 x 3(flat of width
10mm and thickness 3 mm).
•Available in suitable widths varying
from 10mm to 400mm
•Thickness varying from 3mm to 40mm.
•Used for steel grillwork for windows
and gates.

25. Rolled Steel Tubes:
● Inner diameter varying from 15 to
150mm.
● Thickness varying from 2 to 5.4mm.
● Efficient structural sections for
formwork and trusses.

26. Rolled Steel Angle Sections
(ISA)
● Designated as ISA and width and
length of legs
● Available as
● Equal angle sections
● Two legs will be equal in length
● Available in sizes varying from
20mm x 20mm x 3mm to 200mm x
200mm x 25mm

27. Unequal angle sections
● Two legs will be unequal in length.
● Available in sizes varying from
30mm x 20mm x3mm x 3mm to
200mm x 150 mm x 18mm

28. Bulb angle sections
● Extensively used in structural steel
works like roof trusses, and as
connecting members for different
structures.

29. Rolled steel Tee sections:
● Resembles the alphabet T
● Consists of web and flange
● Designated by overall dimensions
and thickness.
● Available in sizes varying from
20mm x 20mm x 3mm to 150mm x
150mm x 10mm.
● Widely used as members of the steel
roof truss and form built – up
sections.

30. Rolled Steel Channel Sections:
● Consists of a web and two equal
flanges.
● Designated by height of web and
width of flange
● Available in sizes varying from
100mm x 45mm to 400mm x
100mm.
● Widely used for beams and columns.

31. The different types available are:
● Indian Standard Junior Channel (ISJC)
● Indian Standard Light Channel (ISLC)
● Indian Standard Medium Channels (ISMC)

32. Rolled Steel I – Sections
● Known as rolled steel joists or beams.
● Consists of two flanges connected by a
web.
● Designated of overall depth and width
of flange.
● Available in sizes varying from 75mm x
50mm to 600mm x210mm.

33. Different types are:
● Indian Standard junior beam (ISJB)
● Indian Standard Light Beam (ISLB)
● Indian Standard Medium Beam (ISMB)
● Indian Standard Wide Flange Beam (ISWB)
● Indian Standard Heavy Beam (ISHB)

34. Built –up sections:
● Composed of a combination of
available basic sections like plates,
angles, channels etc.
● For increased strength and stability
● Different sections are joined by
welding or riveting

36. Light gauge sections
● Made from steel sheets of uniform
thickness – process in cold state
● Coated with zinc or aluminium
● Thickness normally less than 2mm
● Yield stress ranging from 250MPa to
550 MPa.
● Normally have stiffening lips on
flanges
● Intermediate stiffeners in wide flanges
and webs

38. Advantages of light gauge sections
● Lightness
● High strength and stiffness
● Ease of fabrication and mass production
● Fast and easy erection and installation
● High strength to weight ratio
● Substantial elimination of delays due to weather
● Formwork not needed
● Uniform quality

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