The document discusses instructional design and three models used in instructional design: ADDIE, SAM, and Pebble-in-the-Pond. ADDIE is a linear model that includes the phases of analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate. SAM is an agile model that allows for iterative design and development. Pebble-in-the-Pond uses a problem-based approach where the problem is the pebble and phases ripple out from that.

1. Instructional
Design
& Technology
Summary Angela McCullough
St. Thomas University
EDT-600-AP1
Dr. Howard
July 10,2020

2. Instructional Design Introduction
What is Instructional design and
Technology?
Instructional design is the practice of designing and developing
instructional material.The technology part is what is used to not
only help design and develop but implement the instruction.
How is it applied?
There are multiple models used to help design and develop
instruction. Some of these models include Models-ADDIE, SAM
and Pebble-in-the-Pond
What is the purpose of the models?
To help identify the learner, a variety of education problems along
with how the instruction can be applied in different realities
Seven characteristics of
Instructional Design
1. Instructional design is a student-centered
process.
2. Instructional design is a goal-oriented
process.
3. Instructional design is a creative process.
4. Instructional design focuses on
meaningful performance.
5. Instructional design assumes outcomes
are measurable, reliable, and valid.
6. Instructional design is an empirical,
iterative, and self-correcting process.
7. Instructional design typically is a team
effort (Reiser & Dempsey, 2018)

3. The ADDIE Model
ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop,Implement, Evaluate) is a model that has transformed several times
over the years. Due to this evolution, you may find many different adaptations of the model. ADDIE is
arguably the most complex of the models discussed, which includes many pros and cons. A major
complaint about ADDIE is that it is a slow process because it is linear, requiring one step to completed
before moving onto the next.
Analyze
Design
Develop
Evaluate
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision
Implement
Instructional Design Models
ADDIE Model
ADDIE ISD Model

4. BACKGROUND
PROTOTYPE
DESIGN REVIEW
IMPLEMENT
DEVELOP EVALUATE
Information
gathering
SAVVY
Start
Project
Planning
Additional
Design
Design Proof BetaAlpha Gold
Iterative Design
Phase
Iterative Development
Phase
Preparation
Phase
ROLLOUT
BACKGROUND
DESIGN
PROTOTYPE
REVIEW
Information
Gathering
SAVVY
Start
Project
Planning
Additional
Design
ROLLOUT
Iterative Design
Phase
Preparation
Phase
Instructional Design Models
Four primary defining characteristics of SAM:
1. SAM is a design and development process providing maximum
opportunities for review, evaluation, and correction of decisions
throughout the process.
2. SAM is optimized to produce the best possible instruction with
given constraints of time and budget.
3. Sketching and “disposable” prototypes are used to share ideas
visually and assess functionally.
4. Devising an initial treatment for all content before polishing the
treatment for any content is a key feature (Reiser,R., Dempsey,J.
2018)
SAM
Successive Approximation Model (SAM) was in
many ways created as a response to the difficulty
of the ADDIE process. The biggest difference when
comparing ADDIE and SAM is that the latter is
considered an agile method. This means that
Multiple steps of the method can occur at the
same time while leaving room to revise. Also, unlike
ADDIE with numerous adaptations, SAM primarily
has two. There is a basic two-phase version which
is most widely used. Then there is the three-phase
version which is used for larger projects
Two-Phase SAM
Three-Phase SAM

5. Problem
Progression
Component
Skills
Enhance
Strategies
Finalize
Design
Evaluation
Instructional Design Models
Pebble-in-the-Pond
Model
The Pebble-in-the-Pond model is designed for
problem based learning using a pebble and ripple
effect metaphor. The pebble represents the problem
needing to be solved being thrown into the
instructional pond. The ripples it causes are the
phases in the process to solve the problem. This
model is very student-centered and learning
focused in comparison to the ADDIE model. This is
because it begins with the problem and
demonstrates the skills needed to solve it.
Pebble-in-the-Pond Model