This document discusses instructional design models and approaches. It describes the Dick and Carey systematic approach, which outlines 9 components for developing instruction from assessing needs to revising instruction based on evaluation. Another model discussed is rapid prototyping, which involves continual design-evaluation cycles. Both models have strengths and weaknesses - Dick and Carey can be more tedious while rapid prototyping moves quickly, and the best approach depends on the specific instructional situation and needs.

1. -Robert Hillis

2. Instructional Design
 Instructional Design is the development,
implementation, and assessment of
knowledge curriculums determining if
they are cost effective, successful, and
able to be implemented.

3. Instructional Design
 Instructional Design does not
encompass or embrace one particular
method nor does it favor a specific
method over another
 Instructional Design takes is the practice
of developing instruction and
implementing it in the best way possible
utilizing the best methods available

4. Instructional Design Models
 There are several different approaches to
Instructional Design
 Example:
 ADDIE Process
 Rapid Prototyping
 Dick and Carey Systematic Approach
 Instructional Development Learning System
(IDLS)
 Smith/Ragan
 Morrison/Ross/Kemp
 OAR Model of Instructional Design in higher
education

5. Dick and Carey Systematic
Approach
 Dick and Carey refers to the model that
was designed in 1978 by Walter Dick
and Lou Carey
 Dick and Carey outlined their approach
in their book “The Systematic Design of
Instruction”
 Their model addresses instruction as an
entire system from development to
assessment of success

6. Dick and Carey Systematic
Approach
 9 components:
1. Assess needs to identify instructional goals
2. Conduct Instructional Analysis
3. Analyze learners and contexts
4. Write performance objectives
5. Develop Assessment Instruments
6. Develop instructional strategy
7. Develop and select instruction
8. Design and conduct formative evaluation
9. Revise Instruction

7. Dick and Carey Systematic
Approach

8. Dick and Carey Systematic
Approach
 The final component of the Dick and
Carey model is the 10th step which is the
cumulative evaluation of the
effectiveness of instruction
 More and more companies are
beginning to measure the success of
their instructional design models in order
to ensure effectiveness

9. Rapid Prototyping
 Rapid Prototyping in reference to
Instructional Design can be described as
the continual design-evaluation cycle
throughout the process
 Utilizing this model means that products
are continually improved upon as the
cycle continues

10. Rapid Prototyping
 Spiral Model
1. Concept definition
2. Implementation of a skeletal system
3. User evaluation and concept refinement
4. Implementation of refined requirements
5. User evaluation and concept refinement
6. Implementation of refined requirements
7. repeat

11. Rapid Prototyping

12. Rapid Prototyping
 Advantages:
 Allows for better communication between
designer and user
 User is able to offer immediate feedback
thus resulting in better development
 Allows for more flexibility in instruction and
allows for problems to be caught early on in
the process

13. Rapid Prototyping
 Disadvantages:
 Some feel that it is not effective because it is
not utilizing the real product, it is utilizing a
prototype
 Some feel steps are overlooked due to the
rapid response of the model and that it can
lead to endless revisions

14. Dick and Carey vs. Rapid
Prototyping
 There are strengths with each and there are
weaknesses with each
 Dick and Carey can be a very tedious, very
specific styled model where as Rapid
Prototyping can be very simply and move very
quickly
 Dick and Carey can involve many facets of
organization versus Rapid Prototyping where
there may be only one or two layers that are
being utilized
 Dick and Carey executes components
iteratively and in parallel where as Rapid
Prototyping executes them in a cyclical pattern

15. Which to Choose
 There is no right or wrong answer just
as in implementing instruction, it
depends on the audience, situation, and
task at hand
 What may work for one situation wont
work for another. The best thing to do is
to evaluate what is needed for the
instructional design and move forward
based upon that analysis

16. Sources
 Wikipedia Instructional Design: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructional_design
 WikiBooks Instructional Technology/Instructional Design/Rapid Prototyping:
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Instructional_Technology/Instructional_Design/Rapid_Prototyping
 Instructional Design: http://www.instructionaldesign.org/models/rapid_prototyping.html
 Dick and Carey’s Model: http://www.personal.psu.edu/wxh139/Dick_Carey.htm