News Channel Operation in Pakistan , CNR, Central News Room, News Channel, Flow of a news story, PCR, Studio, Previous Lectures, Introduction to Radio, FM, AM, FM Radio Programming, Radio Magazine Program, Content of Radio, Designing an FM Program, Radio Interview, Interview Tips, Stages of Production, Pre Production, Post Production, Production, Radio Editing, Radio News, Bulletin, Radio Feature, Radio Documentary,

1. Electronic Media
BS 3rd Semester Section B
Wednesday : 10:50 am – 12:05 pm , 12:20 pm – 1:35 pm
CoViD_19 Schedule: Friday, 1130 HRS to 1330 HRS
Course Code: MCCC 333
Credit Hours: 3

2. Lecture 1 : Overview
 What is Communication
 What is Media?
 Types of Media
 Electronic Media
 TV
 Radio
 New Media

3. Lecture 2
1. Objectives of Broadcasting
Information, Education, Entertainment, Islamic
Ideology, National Ideology, Cultural Promotion,
Promotion of Regional Languages, National Unity,
Boost up Nation’s Morale, News Coverage
2. Types of News Stories
 General Types, Simple, Complex, Special
 Political, Crime, National, International, Sports,
Weather, Special, Investigative, Follow Up

4. Lecture 3
 Radio
 Types of Radio
 Radio Waves: FM & AM
 Radio Bands: FM, MW, SW
 How Radio Works?

5. Lecture 4
 Radio Magazine Program
 Radio Interview
 Stages of Production
 Pre Production, Production, Post Production
 Editing in Radio

6. Lecture 5
 Radio New Bulletins
 Types of News
Lecture 6
 Radio Documentary
 Radio Feature

7. Lecture 7
 Impact Of FM Radio and TV On Society
 TV Channel Departments
 TV News Production
 TV Program Production (Current Affairs)
 TV Program Production (Entertainment)
 TV Glossary

8. Impact of Radio / TV
 Information: To inform the audience about something new
 Education: To help the audience learn new things and
 Entertainment: To fulfil the aesthetic needs of the audience
 Persuasion: Opinion building of People on Various Issues, Agenda Setting
 Islamic Ideology: To promote and safeguard religious identity
 National Ideology: To promote & protect the ideological grounds of nation
 Cultural Promotion: To inculcate diverse cultural practices
 Promotion of Regional Languages: Diverse languages
 National Unity: To keep the citizens intact with the nation.
 Boost up Nation’s Morale:
 News Coverage: Fresh, novel,

9. TV Channels Operation
in Pakistan

10. In coming Slides, you will come to know about the following
 Operational Departments of News Channel
 CNR, PCR, MCR
 Functions of Departments (Flow of a News Story)
 Collecting News Stories (CNR)
 Processing News Stories (CNR + Production)
 Presenting News Stories (PCR + Studio)
 Disseminating News Stories (MCR)
 Learning about other departments in a news channel

11. Departments of News Channel
 Central News Room CNR + Bureaus
 Current Affairs/ Programming Department
 PCR + Studio
 MCR + Satellite
 Technical + IT
 Research & Development + Internal Monitoring
 Marketing + Distribution
 Legal, Finance, HR & Admin

12. Central News Room (News Collection +
Processing)
 Assignment Desk : Responsible for collecting the news through a network of reporters
 Bureau Offices (Offices are setup in big cities of the country; reputable channels have 11 –
13 bureaus in Pakistan viz a viz Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, Quetta, Peshawar,
Faisalabad, Sukkur, Gilgit, Muzaffarabad AJK, Multan, Gwadar, Gujranwala, Sargodha)
 OSR (Out Station Reporters) Desk: This desk deals with the reporters (assigning and
collecting news) from across the country (other than bureaus)
 Rundown Desk: (The Pilot seat of the news room, who drives and decides what is going
to disseminate as news and in what format according to policy)
 Tickers & Breaking Desk: (All the important news being broadcast, through
visual text)
 Copy Desk: Copy desk edits all the scripts into OC VO, OC PKG, OC GFX, OC SOTs
 Headlines Desk: (Hourly Headlines)
 Production Department: (It gives all the visual elements required to be aired)
 Special Packages (This is a part of copy desk, it gives special scripts occasionally)

13. Hierarchy of News Room
 Executive Director News/Director News
 Controller News
 Shift In Charge Rundown (Overall)
 Shift In Charge Assignment
 Assignment Editors, OSR Head, Associate Producers, Bureau Chief, Reporters,
Cameramen(these come under technical dept. but move as assigned by news)
 Shift In Charge Production
 International News
 Sports Desk
 Monitoring Desk

14. Current Affairs/ Programming
Department
 This department runs the programs, entertainment, current affairs,
infotainment etc, other than news bulletins
 It has separate studios, PCRs and separate teams.
 However programming department stays in connection with the news
department.

15. Flow of a News Story
1. Event Occurs
2. First hand Information received initially as tickers from Reporter
3. Reporter get the information and verifies it
4. Sends it to the CNR, through Assignment desk
5. Assignment Desk informs Rundown
6. Rundown decides it to be as tickers, breaking news, or any other format
7. Copy desk is asked to prepare the relevant format script
8. Production department prepares the relevant footage (that might be file/stock
footage or it can be fresh from the reporter)
9. As script + footage is ready, it is sent to PCR, which in coordination with CNR,
Studio and MCR, airs the news

16. Production in TV Channel : Programming
 Current Affairs & Entertainment
 Live vs Recorded
 Indoor vs Outdoor
 Team Members of Programming
 HOD
 Executive Producer
 Senior Producer
 Producer
 Senior Associate/Associate/Assistant Producers
 Researchers/Coordinator
 Studio Staff: DOP, Cameraman
 Technical Staff, Panel Producer, Audio Opertaor, Viz Operator, Exchange Operator

17. PCR + Studio
 This department is responsible for the execution
of airing process
 They act on the call from CNR (NEWS)
 It has following elements
 Play Back
 Anchor Video
 Anchor Audio
 Computer Graphics
 Virtual Set / Virtual Windows
 All these elements are handled by special computers, and consoles

18. MCR + Satellite
 Master Control Room is where the feed from the PCR is ACTUALLY transmitted
on air
 It uses satellite communication, the signals are boosted and aired in this
department
 Censorship (The delay (6-10 seconds) machines are used to ensure anything
against policy isn’t aired, these are mostly placed in a PCR or MCR)
 Satellite department not only assures the transmission of the final product,
but also responsible for receiving incoming signals from the DSNGs out there
in the field, and other sources

19. Technical + IT
 They provide technical support to the departments

20. Research & Development + Internal
Monitoring
 R&D works on ideas of betterment
 Internal Monitoring is done in order to ensure the quality of the content

21. Marketing + Distribution
 Marketing Department gets the advertisements and other paid content, and
hence generates revenues
 Distribution Department is responsible for ensuring the reach of the channel
to various cable operators across the country, they make necessary payments
as well

22. Legal, Finance, HR & Admin
 Legal Department is responsible for the law related issues, like law suit,
governmental policies, etc.
 Finance department looks after the inflow and out flow of the assets.
 HR is related to hiring, firing and managing appropriate personnel.
 Admin department provides general office maintenance support.

23. Constructive Questions are
a sign of active reception!