An illustration of student-teacher collaborative discussion model in the subject of Media & Current Affairs during the Fall session 2020, Students engaged in the discussion on Cino-Pak Relations

1. PAK-CHINARELATIONS
INSTRUCTOR: MR. ALI HAIDER
COLLABORATORS: MYRA SHAUKAT
AROOJ JAVED
BISMA ZUBAIR
FIZZAH JAVED
NOMAN SHAH

2. INTRODUCTION
(MYRASHAUKAT PART)
The change in attitude on the part of its western allies and
particularly the US compelled Pakistan to reconsider Its
commitments towards these alliances and look for new friends who
were to be more trustworthy. China was rapidly emerging as a
mighty power and it was no longer possible and advisable for
Pakistan to ignore a mighty neighbor. china and Pakistan are bosom
friends of each other. This friendship is so called a mutual bond but
our Countries gave this bond a name of ionic bond.

3. Early Era of sino-pak
relations.
1950 - Pakistan becomes the third non-communist country, and first
Muslim one, to recognize the People's Republic of China.
1951 - Beijing and Karachi establish diplomatic relations.
 1963 - Pakistan cedes the Trans-Karakoram Tract to China, ending
border disputes.
 1970 - Pakistan helps the U.S. arrange the 1972 Nixon visit to
China.
1978 - The Karakoram Highway linking the mountainous Northern
Pakistan with Western China officially opens.
1980s - China and the U.S. provide support through Pakistan to the
Afghan guerrillas fighting Soviet occupational forces.
 1986 - China and Pakistan reach a comprehensive nuclear co-
operation agreement.
 1996 - Chinese President Jiang Zemin pays a state visit to Pakistan.
1999 - A 300-megawatt nuclear power plant, built with Chinese
help in Punjab province, is completed.

4. Mid era relation
2001 - A joint-ventured Chinese-Pakistani tank, the MBT-2000 (Al-
Khalid) MBT is completed.
 2002 - The building of the Gwadar deep sea port begins, with China as
the primary investor.
2003 - Pakistan and China signed a $110 million contract for the
construction of a housing project on Multan Road in Lahore
2007 - The Sino-Pakistani joint-ventured multirole fighter aircraft - the
JF-17 Thunder (FC-1 Fierce Dragon) is formally rolled out.
2008 - Pakistan welcomes the Chinese Olympic Torch in an Islamabad
sports stadium, under heavy guard amidst security concerns.
2008 - China and Pakistan sign an free trade agreement.
 2008 - Pakistan and China to build a railway through the Karakoram
Highway, in order to link China's rail network to Gwadar Port.
2008 - The F-22P frigate, comes into service with the Pakistani Navy.
 2009 - The ISI arrest several suspected Uyghur terrorists seeking
refuge in Pakistan.
2010 - Pakistan and China conduct a joint anti-terrorism drill.

5. China Support in
Nuclear program
of Pakistan
(AROOJ JAVED’S PART)
China helped Pakistan in developing its nuclear power plants .
 China gave technical and material support in completing. Chashma
nuclear power plant I, II, III ,IV V. That played a major role in
uranium production .
 Chinese helped in building the Khushab Reactor, which is playing
a key role in Pakistan's production of plutonium.
China had signed a contract to supply to nuclear reactors to
Pakistan in 2003, a year before it became NSG (Nuclear Supplier
Group) member. However, the contract for one more nuclear reactor
it is supplying was signed in 2013. In a 2015 conference Beijing
confirmed that China has provided assistance in building of 6
reactors in Pakistan.

6. China Support in
Nuclear program
of Pakistan
“Government is also aware of the Chinese assistance to Pakistan in
developing the Khushab nuclear reactor that is capable of producing
plutonium for use in Pakistan’s nuclear weapons,” the MoS said.
Plutonium is better than highly enriched Uranium for building
nuclear weapons as less amount of it is required to make an equally
potent fission bomb. Hence, plutonium warheads are lightweight to
be delivered by nuclear-tipped missiles.
Two nuclear reactors Chashma 1 and 2 are already in operation.
Besides this, China has entered agreement with Pakistan to supply
two additional nuclear power reactors – Chashma-3 and Chashma –
4. Beijing will also be providing assistance for additional reactors to
be built at Chashma, Karachi and third site in Pakistan.

7. China Support in
Nuclear program
of Pakistan
Beijing’s constant assistance to Islamabad’s nuclear programs has
been in contravention of its stand on India’s entry to NSG (Nuclear
Supplier Group) , the 48-member grouping that regulates nuclear
trade. Beijing contends that New Delhi being non-signatory to
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) has been an impediment.
However, China turned a blind eye to Pakistan’s track record in
nuclear proliferation by supplying nuclear material to North Korea.
Washington-based Arms Control Association in its latest report card
2013-2016 ‘Assessing Progress on Nuclear Nonproliferation and
Disarmament’ has given China a failing “F Grade” on nuclear
weapons related export control. China had become NSG member in
2004, and its national export controls include provisions related to
export licensing, control lists, end-user controls, and import
controls. The nuclear power reactors supplied by China to Pakistan
has not received the consent from the NSG.

8. Economic Relation
(BISMAZUBAIR PART)
The Two Countries had regularly exchanged High-level visits
Resulting in a variety of agreements.
Economic Co-operation began in 1979.
Economic trade between Pakistan and China is increased in recent
years. China greatly increases its investments in Pakistan.
China is helping to develop Pakistan's infrastructure through the
construction of power plants, roads and communication nodes.
Zong (1st 3G and 4G mobile network operator in Pakistan) is the
first overseas setup and it relates to china.
Major projects:
1. Gwadar Deep Sea Port.
2. Larkana sugar mill.
3. Saindak Copper project in Baluchistan.
4. The machine tool factory of Karachi

9. Diplomatic Relations
Diplomatic relations
between Pakistan and
China
 were established on 21 May 1951.
 In Sino-Indo war 1962, China and Pakistan joined hands against
India. One year after Sino- India war, Pakistan built the Karakoram
Tract to China to improve diplomatic relations.
China supports Pakistan on Kashmir while Pakistan supports China
on the issues of Xinjiang ,Tibet, and Taiwan.

10. Strategic importance
of Pakistan Towards
China
 Gwadar Port Gwadar is located on the shores of the Arabian Sea it
is in Pakistan's western province of Baluchistan. Gwadar is only
2500km away from China while Sinkiang is 4500 km away.
The surrounding region is home to around two-thirds of the world's
oil reserves. It is also the nearest warm- water seaport to the
landlocked, but energy rich, Central Asian Republics and
landlocked Afghanistan.
Due to the strong military ties between China and Pakistan, Gwadar
port has received excessive attention from the very beginning.
Despite its being over a decade since China started construction of
the first phase, no military-related activity has ever been observed
there. If China intended to use a Pakistani port for naval purposes,
Karachi, with its established military infrastructure, is an alternative
that is available although Karachi has the strategic disadvantage of
proximity to India.

11. Continue
(FIZZAH JAVED PART)
China is developing its own western region and has been building a
network of roads in Pakistan, and intends to lay pipelines and a
railway track. Pakistan offered China a ‘trade and energy corridor’
via Gwadar, linked to inland roads. The plan would see oil being
imported from the Middle East, stored in refineries at Gwadar and
sent to China via roads, pipelines or railway. Due to the strong
military ties between China and Pakistan, Gwadar port has received
excessive attention from the very beginning. Despite its being over
a decade since China started construction of the first phase, no
military-related activity has ever been observed there. If China
intended to use a Pakistani port for naval purposes, Karachi, with its
established military infrastructure, is an alternative that is available
although Karachi has the strategic disadvantage of proximity to
India.

12. China Major project
with Pakistan and
Asian Counties in this
scenario
China–Pakistan Economic Corridor also known by the acronym
CPEC) is a collection of infrastructure projects currently under
construction throughout Pakistan.
Originally valued at $46 billion, the value of CPEC projects is now
worth $ 54 billion].CPEC is intended to rapidly modernize Pakistani
infrastructure and strengthen its economy by the construction of:
modern transportation networks, numerous energy projects, and
special economic zones.
1. CPEC Projects for Baluchistan (16 Projects)
2. CPEC Projects for KPK ( 8 Projects)
3. CPEC Projects for Sindh ( 13 Projects)
4. CPEC Projects for Punjab ( 12 Projects)

13. One Belt, One Road
(OBOR) project
CPEC is part of China’s grand vision, known as the One Belt, One
Road (OBOR) initiative. This vision extends from the Baltics in
Europe to Southeast Asia and from China to Africa. China has
accumulated $3.2 trillion in foreign exchange. It can be used both
for investment and to buy influence around the world.
CPEC, a part of OBOR, offers great strategic advantage to China as
it gains physical access to the Indian Ocean and closer proximity to
Middle Eastern oil resources. Other OBOR projects around the
world do not offer such advantages to China. This is a shrewd
global strategic move. China’s global rivals will, of course, factor
this in their countermoves.

14. Energy Cooperation:
(NOMAN SHAH PART)
As of September 2019, 12 power projects have either been
completed or were under construction. The total installed capacity
of these projects was 7,240 MW with total investment of about 12.4
US billion dollars. In addition, 9 projects stand at early stage (some
are constructed by phases, with a total installed capacity of 6390
MW).
As of fiscal year 2018-19, COD CPEC energy projects had
generated $250 million in tax revenue for Pakistan and provided
over 10,000 jobs. They now accounted for 14.5% of available
energy in the NTDC grid.
The JCC welcomed significant positive momentum in resolving the
issue of delayed tariff payments and agreed to promote the
introduction of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) technology
in Pakistan.

15. Continue
It was also agreed to continue consultations and finalize the
Pakistan-China Development Plan for oil and gas sector. Pakistan
side proposed these projects for consideration by the Chinese side
i.e.
1. Finalization of feasibility study on South North Gas Pipeline
2. Up-gradation of Pakistan Refinery Ltd. Karachi
3. Coal-to-Liquid Engineering Plant based in Thar Coal at Thar
Sindh, and
4. Thar Block-VI for Coal gasification to Fertilizer projects.

16. Transportatio
n and
Infrastructure
Cooperation:
The 392 kilometer-long Multan-Sukkur section of the Peshawar-
Karachi Motorway was completed ahead of schedule and
inaugurated at the JCC.
Work on upgrading the Karakoram Highway’s Havelian-Thakot
section was also on track for timely completion. Its Havelian-
Mansehra section would be opened to traffic in the near term.
In Gwadar, work on the redesigned Eastbay Expressway and the
New Gwadar International Airport was proceeding according to
timelines.
Various issues regarding Orange Line Mass Transit project in
Lahore had been resolved (the project is to be operational from
March 2020).

17. Socioeconomic
Development and
Agriculture
Out of 17 fast-track socioeconomic development projects, 12 were
ready for commencement, while the remaining five projects would also
be expedited.
Special emphasis was placed on early launch of Pakistan-China joint
agricultural technology laboratory.
Both sides would also enhance cooperation in agricultural areas
including deep processing technology, fisheries, and disease-free zones.
Both sides also agreed to accelerate the procedures for
a) Baluchistan Solar Power Lighting Equipment
b) Drinking Water Equipment Supply (Solar powered pumps in KP and
Water filtration plants in AJK)
c) Smart Classroom Project for Higher Education
d) Provision of Medical Equipment and Material and
e) Pakistan Vocational School’s Equipment Up-grading and Renovation
Project.

18. Thankyou !
&
Any Questions ?